Risk Risk is the Chance of Injury, Damage, or Loss Risk is the Chance of Injury, Damage, or Loss...

RiskRisk

• RiskRisk is the is the Chance of Chance of Injury, Damage, or LossInjury, Damage, or Loss

• Injury, Damage, or LossInjury, Damage, or Loss Usually Are the Usually Are the Consequences of a CrashConsequences of a Crash

T – 4.1

Topic 1 Lesson 1

Every driver accepts a Every driver accepts a certain level of risk when certain level of risk when driving a vehicle.driving a vehicle.

A driver must manage risk A driver must manage risk in order to avoid conflict.in order to avoid conflict.

Risk AssessmentRisk Assessment

• Risk AssessmentRisk Assessment

• Risk AcceptanceRisk Acceptance

• Risk CompensationRisk Compensation

T – 4.2

Topic 1 Lesson 1

Elements of RiskElements of Risk are: are:

Unfortunately, drivers often Unfortunately, drivers often create high risk situations.create high risk situations.

RiskRisk

Risk AssessmentRisk Assessment Involves: Involves:

T – 4.3

Topic 1 Lesson 1

• Recognizing increased risk situationsRecognizing increased risk situations

-Speeding -Following Too Closely-Speeding -Following Too Closely

-Failure to Yield -Improper Turns-Failure to Yield -Improper Turns

-DUI -Lack of Safety belt use-DUI -Lack of Safety belt use

• Understanding the consequences of Understanding the consequences of increased risk situationsincreased risk situations

• Considering your options and the Considering your options and the consequences of your choicesconsequences of your choices

RiskRisk

Risk AcceptanceRisk Acceptance::

• There is always a certain amount of risk involved in There is always a certain amount of risk involved in

the driving task.the driving task.

• How much risk is acceptable?How much risk is acceptable?

– Evaluate Consequences of Taking Risks Evaluate Consequences of Taking Risks

((Penalty, Damage, Injury or Death)Penalty, Damage, Injury or Death)

T – 4.4

Topic 1 Lesson 1

Knowledge can help you reduce risk!Knowledge can help you reduce risk!

Having good seeing habits and your ability to manage space on the roadway are essential ingredients for low-risk driving.

To minimize risk, drivers need time, space & visibility to execute a maneuver.

Risk AssessmentRisk Assessment

T – 4.5

Topic 1 Lesson 1

Example taken from Module 3 Topic 3 Lesson 1 --- RECOGNIZING high risk situations.

Risk Compensation Risk Compensation -- Recognizing potential risk or -- Recognizing potential risk or limitations and making appropriate adjustmentslimitations and making appropriate adjustments

• Adjust Speed to Reduce Risk

• Adjust Lane Position to Reduce Risk

• Use Appropriate Communication to Reduce Risk

Reduced Risk DrivingReduced Risk Driving

• Three principles for reducing risks

– Never risk more than you can afford to lose

– Do not risk large consequences for a small reward

– Consider the odds and your situation

Topic 1 Lesson 1

T – 4.5a

Reducing Driving RiskReducing Driving Risk

• Good decision-making is essential to reducing driving risks.

• A driver in city traffic makes 50-60 decisions per mile.

• Your hands and feet can only do what your brain tells them to do.

• Developing good procedures for decision making:

• Observation skills

• Experiences

• Developing good habits

T – 4.6

Topic 1 Lesson 2


• Work towards developing the best risk-reducing procedures and safe-driving habits.

• Habits are difficult to change.

• A space management system helps you to develop good driving habits.

T – 4.7

Topic 1 Lesson 2


• Guided practice is key to developing sound habits and judgments

• Get extensive practice on all basic driving procedures

• Use a space management and targeting system

• Good habits and judgment

often deteriorate over time

• Complacency

• Most novice drivers rate

themselves as “good” drivers

• There may be no negative results from negative behavior

T – 4.8

Topic 1 Lesson 2

Risk Reduction GoalsRisk Reduction Goals

• Make every driving sequence Make every driving sequence an efficient driving sequence.an efficient driving sequence.

• Use processing skills to make Use processing skills to make accurate judgments.accurate judgments.

• Develop sound procedures for Develop sound procedures for all maneuvers.all maneuvers.

T – 4.10

Topic 1 Lesson 2

PREVENTION

PREVENTION

Aggressive Driving/Road RageAggressive Driving/Road Rage

T – 7.29

Topic 6 Lesson 1

Most Most CrashesCrashes are NOT are NOT AccidentsAccidents•They are often the result of drivers whoThey are often the result of drivers who

•speed;speed;

•tailgate;tailgate;

•run red lights;run red lights;

•weave in and out of traffic; orweave in and out of traffic; or

•vent frustrations or emotions in the vent frustrations or emotions in the vehicle.vehicle.

Topic 6 Lesson 1

T – 7.29a

Factors Leading to Factors Leading to Aggressive DrivingAggressive Driving//Road Road RageRage

•More CarsMore Cars

•More Traffic Congestion More Traffic Congestion

•More FrustrationMore Frustration

•More StressMore Stress

•More HostilityMore Hostility

•More ViolenceMore Violence

Topic 6 Lesson 1

T – 7.29b

Did you know?

In the past 30 years in the US:

• population has increased 30%

• number of licensed vehicles has increased 87%

• vehicle miles traveled increased 130%

• highway capacity has only increased 5%

Factors Leading to Factors Leading to Aggressive DrivingAggressive Driving//Road Road RageRage

• ““I’m going to be late if I don’t hurry up.”I’m going to be late if I don’t hurry up.”

• ““Why are these cars going so slowly?”Why are these cars going so slowly?”

• ““We’ll never make it.”We’ll never make it.”

• ““If only I had gone a little faster, I If only I had gone a little faster, I

would’ve made it.”would’ve made it.”

• ““Oh no! Oh no! RedRed light!” light!”

T – 7.29c

Topic 6 Lesson 1

Self-Imposed AnxietiesSelf-Imposed Anxieties

Factors Leading to Factors Leading to Aggressive Driving/ Aggressive Driving/ Road RageRoad Rage

Three Types of Aggressive DriversThree Types of Aggressive Drivers

• complainingcomplaining• rushingrushing• competingcompeting• resistingresisting

• yelling yelling • cussingcussing• staring staring • honkinghonking• insultinginsulting

• cutting offcutting off• blocking blocking • chasingchasing• fightingfighting• shootingshooting

T – 7.30

Topic 6 Lesson 1

Quiet Road-Rage:Quiet Road-Rage: Verbal Road-Rage:Verbal Road-Rage: Epic Road-Rage:Epic Road-Rage:

AAAAAGHH!!!AAAAAGHH!!!

YOU’RE TOO YOU’RE TOO SLOW~SLOW~MOVE!!!MOVE!!!

What’s the hold up!!!What’s the hold up!!!

Come on, HURRY UPCome on, HURRY UP

LET’S GO!!!LET’S GO!!!

Signs of an Aggressive DriverSigns of an Aggressive Driver

• Tailgating to pressure a driver to go faster or get out Tailgating to pressure a driver to go faster or get out

of the wayof the way

• Flashing lights to signal the driver to move out of the Flashing lights to signal the driver to move out of the

wayway

• Weaving in and out of trafficWeaving in and out of traffic

• Cutting people off Cutting people off

• Racing to beat a yellow lightRacing to beat a yellow lightT – 7.31

Topic 6 Lesson 1

Signs of an Aggressive DriverSigns of an Aggressive Driver

T – 7.32

Topic 6 Lesson 1

• Behaving impatiently with Behaving impatiently with slower driversslower drivers

• Honking the horn or screamingHonking the horn or screaming

• SpeedingSpeeding

• Not coming to a complete stop Not coming to a complete stop at stop signsat stop signs

• Making gesturesMaking gestures

• Passing on shoulder or unpaved Passing on shoulder or unpaved areasareas

Do You Drive Aggressively?Do You Drive Aggressively?

• Is constant rushing and lane jumping your style?

• Do you believe OTHERS are just in your way?

• Do you ignore road signs and regulations, believing

they’re for other drivers?

T – 7.34

Topic 6 Lesson 1

The “Rush In” AreaThe “Rush In” Area


In “Total Aggression”In “Total Aggression”

• Constantly ridiculing and Constantly ridiculing and criticizing other drivers to self or criticizing other drivers to self or passengerspassengers

• Closing gap to deny entry into Closing gap to deny entry into your laneyour lane

• Giving the “look” to show your Giving the “look” to show your disapprovaldisapproval

• Speeding past another car or Speeding past another car or revving enginerevving engine

T – 7.35

Topic 6 Lesson 1

HURRY UPHURRY UP

LET’S GO, MOVE IT!!!LET’S GO, MOVE IT!!!


In “Total Aggression”In “Total Aggression”

• Prevent others from passing youPrevent others from passing you

• Tailgating to pressure a driver to go Tailgating to pressure a driver to go

faster or get out of your wayfaster or get out of your way

• Fantasizing physical violenceFantasizing physical violence

• Honking, yelling through the windowHonking, yelling through the window

• Making visible insulting gesturesMaking visible insulting gestures

T – 7.36

Topic 6 Lesson 1

What are you, an What are you, an IDIOT?!IDIOT?!


In The “Violence” In The “Violence” AreaArea

• Carrying a weapon just in case…

• Deliberately bumping or ramming

• Trying to run a car off the road to punish

• Getting out of the car, beating or battering someone

• Trying to run someone down

• Thoughts of killing someone

• Shooting at another car

T – 7.37

Topic 6 Lesson 1

Preventing Road RagePreventing Road Rage

T – 7.38

Topic 6 Lesson 1

Road RageRoad Rage•A Societal Condition Where Motorists A Societal Condition Where Motorists Become Violent in Reaction to Traffic Become Violent in Reaction to Traffic Disturbances or Driver BehaviorDisturbances or Driver Behavior

Preventing Road RagePreventing Road RageTopic 6 Lesson 1

T – 7.39

If Confronted by an Aggressive DriverIf Confronted by an Aggressive Driver•Avoid horn useAvoid horn use

•Don’t block the passing laneDon’t block the passing lane

•Don’t tailgateDon’t tailgate

•Keep music at a reasonable levelKeep music at a reasonable level

•Avoid eye contactAvoid eye contact

•Try to get out of the wayTry to get out of the way

•Put your pride in the back seatPut your pride in the back seat

•Ignore gestures and refuse to return themIgnore gestures and refuse to return them


T – 7.40

Topic 6 Lesson 1

• Don’t RespondDon’t Respond -- -- Stay COOL. Don’t react to other Stay COOL. Don’t react to other drivers’ aggressive actions. drivers’ aggressive actions.

• Don’t EngageDon’t Engage -- -- Stay away from vehicles driving Stay away from vehicles driving recklessly.recklessly.

• Don’t Up the AnteDon’t Up the Ante -- -- Don’t take traffic problems Don’t take traffic problems personally.personally.

• Swallow Your PrideSwallow Your Pride -- -- Take a courteous and Take a courteous and helpful attitude toward other drivers.helpful attitude toward other drivers.

• Choose the Road “LESS Traveled”Choose the Road “LESS Traveled” -- -- Avoid Avoid aggressive drivers by traveling less congested aggressive drivers by traveling less congested roadways.roadways.


Controlling Emotions -- Controlling Emotions -- Smiles and courtesy can minimize feelings of hostility.

T – 7.41

Topic 6 Lesson 2

Responding to Errors --Responding to Errors -- AAssume other drivers’ mistakes are not personal and be polite and courteous even if the other driver is not.

Making ErrorsMaking Errors -- -- Expect other drivers to make mistakes.

Response to problems --Response to problems -- Tell yourself to take a few deep breaths and say: “I won’t let this get to me.”

Useful AttitudesUseful Attitudes

T – 7.41a

Topic 6 Lesson 2

DRIVING IS A DRIVING IS A COOPERATIVE COOPERATIVE

VENTURE: NOT A VENTURE: NOT A COMPETITIVE SPORT!COMPETITIVE SPORT!


How will you respond?How will you respond?

T – 7.42

Topic 6 Lesson 2

Positive AttitudesPositive Attitudes

T – 7.43

Topic 6 Lesson 2

Remember that you cannot control

traffic, only your reaction to it!

Risk Risk is the Chance of Injury, Damage, or Loss Risk is the Chance of Injury, Damage, or Loss...

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