Industrialism, Urbanization, Immigration, Progressivism Standard 5 (b)
Rise of Industrialism M. Gonzalez World History. 2.1A: Traditional or Pre-Industrial Society.
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Transcript of Rise of Industrialism M. Gonzalez World History. 2.1A: Traditional or Pre-Industrial Society.
2.1A: Traditional or Pre-industrial society
• England was organized into farming villages– Grew enough food for itself– Lived to survive; no hobbies. – Peasants lived at subsistence level
• Forces for change– Population growth meant farmers needed to
produce more food for more people.– French blockade prohibited corn imports from
France
2.1B: The Agricultural Revolution
• Enclosure Movement: – Wealthy landlords fenced in common pastures and
experimented with new farming techniques• Crop Rotation:– Fields depleted of nutrients by one crop replenished by
planting different crops• Other discoveries: – Seed drill, Jethro Tull, planted seeds efficiently
• Results of Agricultural Revolution– More food available– Population increased
2.1C: Cottage Industry and Early Capitalism
• Merchant’s role in cottage industry– Supplied materials—wool and cotton– to be spun– Took supplies from spinning cottage to weaving
cottage to dying cottage to sell finished cloth– Sell product for more than material and labor
costs= profit + larger investment = higher profit• Capitalism– Economic system based on private ownership, free
competition and profit
2.1C: Cottage Industry and Early Capitalism
• Effect on the Cottage industry– Big profit for new class of merchants– Alternative sources of income for peasants
2.1D: the Textile Industry and Factory System
• Textile Industry Invented– Cottage industry couldn’t keep up with demand of
textiles– Spinning jenny, water frame, spinning mule improved
spinning– Cotton gin separated seeds for cotton
• Rise of the Factory– New machines, too big for homes, were put in
factories– Factories located near power source: coal, iron, water
2.1D: the Textile Industry and Factory System
• Effect of Textile Factories in Britain– Prices of mass-produced textiles were much lower
than hand-produced items– Britain’s textile industry increased enormously– Majority of villagers forced to leave to find work in
urban factories
2.1E: Steam Engine: Energy for the Industrial Revolution
• The need for Energy– Early factories relied on horses, oxen and water mills– Steam engine evolved in response to the increasing
need for power• How steam engine works– Steam forced from high to low pressure produces
power (James Watt inventor of steam engine)• Effect of steam engine– Steam power, used where ever coal existed
2.1 F: Iron and Coal: Energy for the Industrial Revolution
• The Need for Iron– Farming tools, new factory machines, railways– Smelting makes iron more pure, but requires carbon.
• The Need for coal– Carbor necessary for smelting iron– Steam engines powered by coal
• Effect of Iron and Coal– Britain produced more iron than any other country– Coal powered Britain’s enormous navy
2.1 G: Transportation
• The need for transportation– Increased production; increased the need to transport goods
quickly and cheaply– Traditional society used horses, mules and dirt roads
• Inventions– Stone and eventually asphalt roads– Canals– Railroads in 1829
• Effect of Railroads– Expanded rapidly through Britain– Cheaper transportation increased production and profits
2.1H: Why Britain Led the Industrial Revolution
• Geography– Climate good for textile production– Plenty of natural resources like iron and coal
• Government– Internal trade encouraged– People allowed to relocate – Build canals and roads
• Colonial Empire– Supplied raw materials for manufactored goods
• Advantages of Industrializing First– No other country to compete with– Monopoly on technology