RIO Declaration original 1992 UN Agenda 21 ICLEI.pdf

7/27/2019 RIO Declaration original 1992 UN Agenda 21 ICLEI.pdf

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United Nations A/CONF.151/26 (Vol. I)

Distr. GENERAL

12 August 1992

ORIGINAL: ENGLISH

REPORT OF THE UNI TED NATI ONS CONFERENCE ONENVI RONMENT AND DEVELOPMENT*

( Ri o de J anei r o, 3- 14 J une 1992)

Annex I

RI O DECLARATI ON ON ENVI RONMENT AND DEVELOPMENT

The Uni t ed Nat i ons Conf erence on Envi r onment and Devel opment ,

Havi ng met at Ri o de J anei r o f r om 3 t o 14 J une 1992,

Reaf f i r mi ng the Decl arat i on of t he Uni t ed Nat i ons Conf erence on the HumanEnvi r onment , adopt ed at St ockhol m on 16 J une 1972, a/ and seeki ng to bui l d upon

i t ,

Wi t h t he goal of establ i shi ng a new and equi t abl e gl obal part ner shi pt hr ough the creat i on of new l evel s of cooper at i on among St at es, key sect ors ofsoci et i es and peopl e,

Worki ng t owards i nt er nat i onal agr eement s whi ch respect t he i nt er est s ofal l and pr otect t he i nt egr i t y of t he gl obal envi r onment al and devel opment alsys t em,

Recogni zi ng t he i nt egr al and i nt er dependent natur e of t he Ear t h, ourhome,

Pr ocl ai ms t hat :

Pr i nc i pl e 1

Human bei ngs are at t he cent r e of concerns f or sust ai nabl e devel opment .They ar e ent i t l ed t o a heal t hy and product i ve l i f e i n harmony wi t h nature.

Pr i nc i pl e 2

St at es have, i n accor dance wi t h the Char t er of t he Uni t ed Nat i ons and thepr i nci pl es of i nt er nat i onal l aw, t he sover ei gn r i ght t o expl oi t t hei r ownr esour ces pursuant t o t hei r own envi r onment al and devel opment al pol i ci es, and

t he responsi bi l i t y t o ensure that acti vi t i es wi t hi n t hei r j ur i sdi cti on orcont r ol do not cause damage t o t he envi r onment of other St ates or of areasbeyond t he l i mi t s of nat i onal j ur i sdi cti on.

ONF.151/26 (Vol. I) REPORT OF THE UNITED NATIONS CO... http://www.un.org/documents/ga/conf151/aconf15126-1annex1.htm

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Pr i nc i pl e 3

The ri ght t o devel opment must be f ul f i l l ed so as t o equi t abl y meetdevel opment al and envi r onment al needs of pr esent and f ut ur e generat i ons.

Pr i nc i pl e 4

I n order t o achi eve sust ai nabl e devel opment , envi r onment al pr otect i onshal l const i t ut e an i nt egr al par t of t he devel opment pr ocess and cannot be

consi dered i n i sol at i on f r om i t .

Pr i nc i pl e 5

Al l St at es and al l peopl e shal l cooper at e i n t he essent i al t ask ofer adi cat i ng pover t y as an i ndi spensabl e requi r ement f or sust ai nabl edevel opment , i n or der t o decr ease the di spar i t i es i n st andar ds of l i vi ng andbet t er meet t he needs of t he maj ori t y of t he peopl e of t he worl d.

Pr i nc i pl e 6

The speci al si t uat i on and needs of devel opi ng count r i es, par t i cul ar l y t hel east devel oped and those most envi r onment al l y vul ner abl e, shal l be gi venspeci al pr i or i t y. I nt er nat i onal acti ons i n t he f i el d of envi r onment anddevel opment shoul d al so addr ess t he i nt er est s and needs of al l count r i es.

Pr i nc i pl e 7

St at es shal l cooper at e i n a spi r i t of gl obal par t ner shi p t o conser ve,pr ot ect and r est or e t he heal t h and i nt egr i t y of t he Ear t h' s ecosystem. I n vi ewof t he di f f er ent cont r i but i ons t o gl obal envi r onment al degr adat i on, St at es havecommon but di f f er ent i at ed r esponsi bi l i t i es. The devel oped count r i esacknowl edge t he r esponsi bi l i t y t hat t hey bear i n t he i nt er nat i onal pur sui t of

sust ai nabl e devel opment i n vi ew of t he pr essur es t hei r soci et i es pl ace on thegl obal envi r onment and of t he t echnol ogi es and f i nanci al r esour ces t heycommand.

Pr i nc i pl e 8

To achi eve sust ai nabl e devel opment and a hi gher qual i t y of l i f e f or al lpeopl e, St at es shoul d r educe and el i mi nat e unsust ai nabl e pat t er ns of pr oduct i onand consumpt i on and pr omot e appr opr i at e demogr aphi c pol i ci es.

Pr i nc i pl e 9

St at es shoul d cooper at e to st r engt hen endogenous capaci t y- bui l di ng f orsust ai nabl e devel opment by i mpr ovi ng sci ent i f i c unders t andi ng t hr ough exchangesof sci ent i f i c and t echnol ogi cal knowl edge, and by enhanci ng t he devel opment ,adapt at i on, di f f usi on and t r ansf er of t echnol ogi es, i ncl udi ng new andi nnovat i ve t echnol ogi es.

Pr i nci pl e 10

Envi r onment al i ssues are best handl ed wi t h t he par t i ci pat i on of al lconcer ned ci t i zens, at t he r el evant l evel . At t he nat i onal l evel , eachi ndi vi dual shal l have appr opr i at e access t o i nf ormat i on concer ni ng t he

envi r onment t hat i s hel d by publ i c aut hor i t i es, i ncl udi ng i nf or mat i on onhazar dous mat er i al s and act i vi t i es i n thei r communi t i es, and the oppor t uni t yt o par t i ci pat e i n deci si on- maki ng pr ocesses. St at es shal l f aci l i t at e andencour age publ i c awareness and par t i ci pat i on by maki ng i nf ormat i on wi del yavai l abl e. Ef f ect i ve access t o j udi ci al and admi ni st r at i ve pr oceedi ngs,


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i ncl udi ng redr ess and remedy, shal l be pr ovi ded.

Pr i nci pl e 11

St at es shal l enact ef f ect i ve envi r onment al l egi sl at i on. Envi r onment alst andar ds, management obj ect i ves and pr i ori t i es shoul d ref l ect t heenvi r onment al and devel opment al cont ext t o whi ch t hey appl y. Standards appl i edby some count r i es may be i nappr opr i ate and of unwarr ant ed economi c and soci al

cost t o ot her count r i es, i n par t i cul ar devel opi ng count r i es.

Pr i nci pl e 12

St ates shoul d cooper ate to pr omote a support i ve and open i nternat i onaleconomi c syst em t hat woul d l ead to economi c growt h and sust ai nabl e devel opmenti n al l count r i es, t o bet t er addr ess t he pr obl ems of envi r onment al degr adat i on.

Tr ade pol i cy measur es f or envi r onmental purposes shoul d not const i t ut e a meansof ar bi t r ar y or unj ust i f i abl e di scri mi nat i on or a di sgui sed r est r i cti on oni nt er nat i onal t r ade. Uni l at er al act i ons t o deal wi t h envi r onment al chal l engesout si de t he j ur i sdi ct i on of t he i mpor t i ng count r y shoul d be avoi ded.Envi r onment al measur es addr essi ng t r ansboundary or gl obal envi r onment al

pr obl ems shoul d, as f ar as possi bl e, be based on an i nt ernat i onal consensus.

Pr i nci pl e 13

St at es shal l devel op nat i onal l aw r egar di ng l i abi l i t y and compensat i onf or t he vi ct i ms of pol l ut i on and other envi r onment al damage. St at es shal l al socooperate i n an expedi t i ous and more determi ned manner t o devel op f urt heri nt er nat i onal l aw r egar di ng l i abi l i t y and compensat i on f or adver se ef f ect s ofenvi r onment al damage caused by act i vi t i es wi t hi n t hei r j ur i sdi ct i on or cont r olt o ar eas beyond t hei r j ur i sdi ct i on.

Pr i nci pl e 14

St at es shoul d ef f ect i vel y cooper at e to di scour age or pr event t her el ocat i on and t r ansf er t o other St at es of any act i vi t i es and subst ances t hatcause severe envi r onment al degradat i on or are f ound t o be harmf ul t o humanheal t h.

Pr i nci pl e 15

I n order t o pr otect t he envi r onment , t he pr ecaut i onary appr oach shal l bewi del y appl i ed by St at es accor di ng t o t hei r capabi l i t i es. Wher e t her e ar et hr eat s of ser i ous or i r r ever si bl e damage, l ack of f ul l sci ent i f i c cer t ai nt y

shal l not be used as a r eason f or post poni ng cost - ef f ect i ve measur es t o pr eventenvi r onment al degr adat i on.

Pr i nci pl e 16

Nat i onal aut hor i t i es shoul d endeavour t o pr omote t he i nt er nal i zat i on ofenvi r onment al cost s and t he use of economi c i nst r ument s, t aki ng i nto accountt he appr oach t hat t he pol l ut er shoul d, i n pr i nci pl e, bear t he cost ofpol l ut i on, wi t h due r egar d t o t he publ i c i nt er est and wi t hout di st or t i ngi nt er nat i onal t r ade and i nvest ment .

Pr i nci pl e 17

Envi r onment al i mpact assessment , as a nat i onal i nst r ument , shal l beunder t aken f or pr oposed act i vi t i es t hat ar e l i kel y to have a si gni f i cantadverse i mpact on t he envi r onment and ar e subj ect t o a deci si on of a compet ent


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nat i onal aut hor i t y.

Pr i nci pl e 18

St at es shal l i mmedi at el y not i f y ot her St at es of any nat ur al di sast er s orother emer genci es t hat ar e l i kel y t o pr oduce sudden harmf ul ef f ect s on t heenvi r onment of t hose St at es. Ever y ef f ort shal l be made by t he i nt er nat i onalcommuni t y t o hel p St at es so af f l i ct ed.

Pr i nci pl e 19

St at es shal l pr ovi de pr i or and t i mel y not i f i cat i on and r el evanti nf or mat i on to pot ent i al l y af f ect ed St at es on act i vi t i es t hat may have asi gni f i cant adver se tr ansboundar y envi r onment al ef f ect and shal l consul t wi t ht hose St at es at an ear l y st age and i n good f ai t h.

Pr i nci pl e 20

Women have a vi t al r ol e i n envi r onmental management and devel opment .Thei r f ul l part i ci pat i on i s t heref or e essent i al t o achi eve sust ai nabl e

devel opment .

Pr i nci pl e 21

The cr eat i vi t y, i deal s and cour age of t he yout h of t he worl d shoul d bemobi l i zed t o f or ge a gl obal par t ner shi p i n order t o achi eve sust ai nabl edevel opment and ensure a bet t er f ut ur e f or al l .

Pr i nci pl e 22

I ndi genous peopl e and t hei r communi t i es and ot her l ocal communi t i es have

a vi t al r ol e i n envi r onment al management and devel opment because of t hei rknowl edge and t r adi t i onal pr act i ces. St ates shoul d r ecogni ze and dul y supportt hei r i dent i t y, cul t ur e and i nt er est s and enabl e t hei r ef f ecti ve par t i ci pat i oni n t he achi evement of sust ai nabl e devel opment .

Pr i nci pl e 23

The envi r onment and natural r esour ces of peopl e under oppr essi on,domi nat i on and occupat i on shal l be pr ot ected.

Pr i nci pl e 24

War f ar e i s i nher ent l y dest r uct i ve of sust ai nabl e devel opment . St at esshal l t her ef or e r espect i nt er nat i onal l aw pr ovi di ng pr ot ect i on f or t heenvi r onment i n t i mes of ar med conf l i ct and cooperat e i n i t s f ur t herdevel opment , as necessar y.

Pr i nci pl e 25

Peace, devel opment and envi r onment al pr ot ect i on ar e i nt erdependent andi ndi vi s i bl e.

Pr i nci pl e 26

St at es shal l r esol ve al l t hei r envi r onment al di sput es peacef ul l y and byappr opr i ate means i n accor dance wi t h t he Chart er of t he Uni t ed Nat i ons.


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Pri nci pl e 27

St at es and peopl e shal l cooper at e i n good f ai t h and i n a spi r i t ofpar t ner shi p i n t he f ul f i l ment of t he pr i nci pl es embodi ed i n t hi s Decl ar at i onand i n t he f ur t her devel opment of i nt er nat i onal l aw i n t he f i el d of sust ai nabl edevel opment .

* * * * *a/ Repor t of t he Uni t ed Nat i ons Conf erence on t he Human Envi r onment ,St ockhol m, 5- 16 J une 1972 ( Uni t ed Nat i ons publ i cat i on, Sal es No. E. 73. I I . A. 14and cor r i gendum) , chap. I .

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