Ringing a Bell

download Ringing a Bell

of 31

Transcript of Ringing a Bell

  • 7/21/2019 Ringing a Bell

    1/31

    w> www.edpQyecriy.ect t> ;=; 9 oesoigtKedpsyecriy.ect

    ]oeioei f mc``2

    Fef`ysoei fvfo`fm`c cvolceac be tgc

    sburacs fel mcecdots bd fwfrcecss dbragfrotocs

    Aofe Hurpgy, Jftc Arfestbe-\urecr fel Nbc Qfxtbe

    Hfy =;63

  • 7/21/2019 Ringing a Bell

    2/31

    =|

    OetrbluatobeYc frc bdtce fsjcl my a`ocets wgft tgc rc`ftobesgop os mctwcce tgc vfrobus loddcrcet

    hcfsurcs bd fwfrcecss, suag fs prbhptcl fwfrcecss, spbetfecbus fwfrcecss fel

    uelcrstfeloei bd wgoag afusc f agfroty wbrjs oe, fel tgcor btgcr rcf` wbr`l hcfsurcs,

    `ojc tbtf` br vb`uetfry oeabhc fel hclof spcel.

    \gos qucry suiicsts mrbflcr qucstobes. Ygft lb ybu gfvc tb lb br spcel tb ohprbvc

    ybur mrfel2 Gbw huag bd f abeecatobe os tgcrc mctwcce mcoei wc``-jebwe fel rfosoei

    duels2 Ygft joel bd fe ohpfat be oeabhc afe ybu cxpcat drbh irbwoei ybur fwfrcecss

    fel voac vcrsf2 Ygft frc tgc strftciocs dbr irbwoei fwfrcecss2 Gbw ohpbrtfet frc

    btgcr mrfel hcfsurcs `ojc uelcrstfeloei, ceifichcet fel pbtcetof` suppbrt2

    \gos dovc pfrt rcpbrt `bbjs ft sbhcbd tgc qucstobes fel fef`yscs twb frcfs oe lctfo`>

    tgc rc`ftobesgop mctwcce fwfrcecss fel oeabhc, fel tgft mctwcce fwfrcecss fel

    hclof spcel. Yc lol tgos my tfjoei f sfhp`c bd ecfr`y 4; bd tgc SJsmcst-jebwe

    agfrotocs, rfeioei oe sozc drbh tces bd ho``obe tb guelrcls bd ho``obe, fel fef`ysoei

    edpQyecriy lftf be tgch f`beisolc tgcor faabuets fel hclof spcel bvcr tgc `fst dovc

    ycfrs.

    [frt 6-Fwfrcecss - wgcrc lbcs ot abhc drbh fel wgy os ot ohpbrtfet2

    \gos pfrt cxfhoecs tgc sburacs bd fwfrcecss, fel wgy ot hoigt hfttcr dbr f agfroty.

    [frt => Fef`ysoei twb bd tgc sburacs bd fwfrcecss> pfol hclof spcel fel

    `cvc`s bd oeabhc

    \gos pfrt `bbjs ft tgc tbp `cvc` rc`ftobesgop mctwcce loddcrcet vfrofm`cs, o.c. gbw os

    oeabhc abrrc`ftcl wotg fwfrcecss2

    [frt 1> Agfeics oe fwfrcecss, hclof spcel fel oeabhc bvcr tohc

    \gos pfrt cxp`brcs tgc oetcrfatobe bd tgcsc vfrofm`cs bvcr tohc. Gbw huag gfvc agfrotocs

    spcet be rfosoei tgcor fwfrcecss bvcr tgc pfst dcw ycfrs2 Ygft os tgc hbst ohpbrtfet

    dfatbr oe oearcfsoei ybur mrfelsprbdo`c2

    [frt Cvolceac drbh afsc stulocs dbr fel fifoest hclof spcel br oeabhc

    lrovoei fwfrcecss

    \gos pfrt sgfrcs sbhc spcaodoa cxfhp`cs bd agfrotocs tgft gfvc cotgcr rfoscl tgcor prbdo`c

    br oeabhc, br mbtg, oe rcacet ycfrs. Frc tgcrc a`ucs fs tb gbw tgcy lol ot2 Ygft afe mc

    `cfrecl drbh tgcor trfaj rcabrls2

    [frt 3> \bwfrls f strftciy dbr rfosoei fwfrcecss

    \gos pfrt `bbjs ft tgc stcppoei stbecs fel fpprbfagcs tgft uelcrpoe gbw fwfrcecss

    hoigt mc turecl oetb oeabhc. Ot pu``s tbictgcr f euhmcr bd tgrcfls tb scc gbw f agfroty

    afe suaacssdu``y lcvc`bp fel put oetb fatobe fe fwfrcecss-muo`loei br mrfel strftciy.

  • 7/21/2019 Ringing a Bell

    3/31

    1|

    [frt 6> Fwfrcecss - wgcrc lbcs otabhc drbh fel wgy os ot ohpbrtfet2

    Fwfrcecss bd f agfroty (br fey btgcr brifeosftobe) abhcs drbh f wgb`c vfrocty bd

    sburacs. \gcsc loddcrcet sburacs oetcrtwoec, hfjoei ot loddoau`t tb cstfm`osg cxfat`y wgcrc

    fwfrcecss abhcs drbh. Cquf``y ohpbrtfet`y, ot lbcs ebt tfjc `bei mcdbrc pcbp`c struii`c

    tb rchchmcr gbw tgcy dorst gcfrl fmbut f agfroty. Qb wgo`c tgc frcfs mc`bw frc hfey bd

    tgc loddcrcet sburacs bd rcabieotobe br fwfrcecss, ot os vcry loddoau`t tb loscetfei`c fel

    rcscfrag gbw pcbp`c afhc tb rchchmcr f agfroty fel tb lcaolc wgoag sburacs frc tgc

    hbst ohpbrtfet.

    [fol flvcrtosoei

    Fwfrcecss flvcrtosoei os prbmfm`y scce fs tgc mcst-jebwe rbutc tb ohprbvoei

    fwfrcecss, fel pfrtoau`fr`y spbetfecbus fwfrcecss. \gcrc os eb lbumt tgft dbr sbhc

    agfrotocs, tgcor oevcsthcet oe pfol flvcrtosoei os tgc rcfsbe, wgb``y br pfrt`y, dbr tgcor

    goig `cvc`s bd fwfrcecss. Bur fef`ysos `ftcr oe tgos rcpbrt sgbws tgft tgcrc os f a`cfr

    rc`ftobesgop mctwcce pfol flvcrtosoei fel fwfrcecss. \gc prbm`ch os tgft tgos

    rc`ftobesgop lbcset gb`l dbr cvcry agfroty tgcrc frc p`cety bd wc``-jebwe agfrotocs tgft

    spcel hoeohf` fhbuets be fwfrcecss flvcrtosoei.

    Goig (drcc) hclof prbdo`c

    Hfey agfrotocs wfet tb ict f goig prbdo`c oe tgc hclof my rueeoei hclof afhpfoies ft

    mbtg tgc `baf` fel eftobef` `cvc`. Hfey suaaccl oe scauroei hclof abvcrfic oe

    ecwspfpcrs, be \T fel rflob, oe hfifzoecs fel oearcfsoei`y be sbaof` hclof. \gc ircft

    flvfetfic bd cxp`botoei tgc hclof os tgft abvcrfic os drcc, br vcry `bw abst. \gc

    losflvfetfic os tgft otsvcry gfrl tb abetrb`, fel tgcrcs ebiufrfetcc tgft tgc hclof

    wo`` abvcr f stbry nust mcafusc f agfroty puts but f prcss rc`cfsc.

    Drocels fel dfho`y

    Yc f`` gcfr fmbut sbhc bd tgc fatovotocs bd agfrotocs, tb f ircftcr br `csscr cxtcet,

    tgrbuig bur drocels fel dfho`ocs. Drocels fsj us tb suppbrt tgcor spbesbrcl cvcet, br wc

    gcfr fmbut ab``cfiucs vb`uetccroei dbr f agfroty ft fe cvcet br oe f sgbp. \gcrc frc f

    gbst bd wfys tgft pcbp`c afe mcabhc fwfrc bd agfrotocs tgrbuig tgcor ecfrcst fel

    lcfrcst. Gbwcvcr, hcfsuroei gbw huag fwfrcecss os rfoscl my tgos, `ct f`bec

    oed`uceaoei ot, os vcry loddoau`t. Hbrcbvcr, tgcrc os f goig lcircc bd bvcr`fp wotg tgc ecxt

    sburac bd fwfrcecss.

    Abhhueoty fatovotocs fel tgc wbrj bd vb`uetccrs

    Hfey pcbp`c gcfr fmbut tgc wbrj bd agfrotocs tgrbuig tgcor `baf` abhhueoty. Ago`lrce

    duelrfosc tgrbuig Qabuts br ft agurag, br tgcy rfosc hbecy dbr agfrotocs ft sagbb`.

    Qfturlfy hbreoei sgbppoei os pcppcrcl wotg rcqucsts tb iovc tb f toe-rftt`cr.

  • 7/21/2019 Ringing a Bell

    4/31

  • 7/21/2019 Ringing a Bell

    5/31

    3|

    aboeaolceac, dbr cxfhp`c, tgft tgrcc bd tgc SJs mcst-jebwe agfrotocs, Bxdfh, EQ[AA

    fel ]Q[AF, f`` gfvc ueoquc fel hchbrfm`c efhcs (lcspotc mcoei farbeyhs). Hfey

    btgcr agfrotocs tgft dcfturc prbhoecet`y oe pum`oa fwfrcecss gfvc lostoeatovc eoagcs (c.i.

    ]E@O) br baaupy hfrjct pbsotobes bd lccp abeacre tb tgc pum`oa (c.i. Afeacr ]cscfrag

    SJ). F`` bd tgc oeputs tgft arcftc fwfrcecss wbrj hbrc cddcatovc`y od tgc agfroty flbpts

    tgc roigt mrfel strftciy fel pbsotobeoei.

    Ygy os fwfrcecss ohpbrtfet2Fwfrcecss dfao`otftcs f rfeic bd btgcr fatovotocs. Ot os `ojc f joel bd brifeosftobef` dotecss,

    ebt ecacssfro`y fe cel oe otsc`d mut f hcfes tb bec. Qb wgft lb goigcr `cvc`s bd

    fwfrcecss dfao`otftc2 \gcrc os f mrcfltg bd frcfs>

    Goig fwfrcecss hfjcs duelrfosoei cfsocr.Feymbly wgb gfs trocl tb duelrfosc

    tgrbuig fe cvcet suag fs rueeoei f hfrftgbe wo`` jebw tgc loddcrceac tgft gfvoei f

    gbuscgb`l efhc afe hfjc. \c``oei pcbp`c tgft ybu frc rfosoei hbecy dbr Hfaho``fe/

    Bxdfh/Mfrefrlbs br tgc `ojc os f huag cfsocr sc`` tgfe rfosoei hbecy dbr f agfrotyebmbly gfs gcfrl bd (fel wbrsc sto``, f afusc ebmbly gfs gcfrl bd cotgcr).

    Goig fwfrcecss hfjcs hclof abvcrfic cfsocr. Hbst nburef`osts gfvc f gbst bd

    prcss rc`cfscs fel chfo`s tb rcfl cvcry lfy. Fe brifeosftobe tgft os jebwe tb f

    nburef`ost os f rcf``y ohpbrtfet prcaursbr tb abvcrfic. Fwfrcecss oe tgos abetcxt lbcset

    iufrfetcc hclof abvcrfic, mut ot oearcfscs tgc agfeacs wgce f nburef`ost gfs guelrcls

    bd chfo`s tb cvce bpce, `ct f`bec rcfl. Agfrotocs sto`` eccl tb prbluac pbwcrdu`,

    abhpc``oei stbrocs dbr tgc hclof tb abvcr bd abursc.

    Goig fwfrcecss hfjcs afhpfoieoei fel `bmmyoei cfsocr.Fwfrcecss osohpbrtfet cvce dbr afhpfoieoei fel `bmmyoei. Ygce SEOACD tc``s us fmbut fmuscs bd

    ago`lrces roigts, fey H[ os hbrc `ojc`y tb tfjc ebtoac abhpfrcl tb f agfroty tgcy gfvc

    ecvcr gcfrl bd. \gc sfhc os truc bd tgc pum`oa wgce fsjcl tb `bmmy tgcor H[ be f

    pfrtoau`fr ossuc> fwfrcecss bd fe brifeosftobe sgbrtces br sgbrtauts tgc prbacss bd

    fsjoei wgctgcr tgc brifeosftobe fel ots hcssfic frc arclom`c, fel wgctgcr tgcy sgbu`l

    mc tfjce scrobus`y.

    Goig fwfrcecss hfjcs ot cfsocr tb oed`uceac pum`oa bpoeobe. Agfrotocs bdtce wfet

    tb oed`uceac pum`oa fttotulcs fel bpoeobe, br cvce agfeic pum`oa mcgfvobur be fe ossuc.

    Fifoe, fwfrcecss bd tgc brifeosftobe os f arotoaf` prcaursbr tb tfjoei ebtoac bd wgft tgcygfvc tb sfy.

    \gcsc frc nust f dcw frcfs wgcrc fwfrcecss hfttcrs. Ot f`sb gc`ps wotg tgc lc`ovcry bd

    scrvoacs fel tgc rcaruothcet bd stfdd, tgc woeeoei bd `baf` fel acetrf` ibvcrehcet

    abetrfats fel oe f gbst bd btgcr frcfs.

  • 7/21/2019 Ringing a Bell

    6/31

    4|

    Fwfrcecss f`bec os ebt cebuig\gcrc os f tgchc tgft rues tgrbuigbut f`` tgcsc frcfs wgcrc fwfrcecss os ohpbrtfet:

    fwfrcecss os tgc mcioeeoei bd tgc ceifichcet prbacss, rftgcr tgfe tgc cel bd ot. Yc

    wo`` tf`j fmbut ot hbrc oe tgc doef` pfrt, mut pcbp`c lb ebt eccl tb nust mc fwfrc bd fe

    brifeosftobe, tgcy f`sb eccl tb jebw wgft ot lbcs fel tgcy eccl f strbei fel

    dfvburfm`c bpoeobe bd ot. Oe btgcr wbrls, brifeosftobes eccl tb gfvc f mrfel strftciy

    oetcrtwoecl wotg tgcor fwfrcecss strftciy.

  • 7/21/2019 Ringing a Bell

    7/31

    9|

    [frt => Fef`ysoei twb bd tgcsburacs bd fwfrcecss> hclof spcel

    fel `cvc`s bd oeabhc

    Oe [frt 6, wc but`oecl f rfeic bd pbssom`c rbutcs tb oearcfsoei fwfrcecss, fel oe rcf`oty

    tgcrc frc prbmfm`y hbrc tgfe tgft. Oe tgos scatobe, wc `bbj ft twb bd tgch oe lctfo`> pfol

    hclof spcel fel cxtcesovc duelrfosoei fatovotocs. Ygo`c sbhc bd tgc sburacs bd

    fwfrcecss frc quotc gfrl tb hcfsurc (dbr cxfhp`c tgc rb`c bd drocels fel dfho`y), tgc

    twb wc cxfhoec gcrc gfvc hbrc rbmust fel pum`oa`y fvfo`fm`c lftf.

    Ebtcs fel afvcfts fmbut hctgblb`biy

    \gos fef`ysos eccls tb gfvc sbhc afvcfts fpp`ocl. Dorst, bur hcfsurcs bd hclof spcel

    usc rftc afrl cxpceloturc fs tgcor hcfsurc bd fatovoty. ]ftc afrl os tgc fhbuet tgft f

    hclof but`ct sfys ot wo`` agfric dbr fey iovce spfac, rftgcr tgfe tgc fhbuet tgft os

    ecibtoftcl dbr tgce fatuf``y pfol. Fey hcfsurc bd gbw huag os fatuf``y spcet be hclof

    os fe oelcx bd hclof fatovoty rftgcr tgfe tgc mo`` f agfroty pfys, mcafusc ot hfy gfvc

    ecibtoftcl f ircft lcf` wotg flvcrtoscrs br cvce mcce iovce spfac dbr drcc.

    Yc gfvc uscl tgc `cvc`s bd tbtf` fel vb`uetfry oeabhc fs f prbxy dbr duelrfosoei fatovoty.

    Dbr hbst agfrotocs, tgc `cvc`s bd fatovoty wo`` mcfr sbhc rc`ftobe tb tgc `cvc`s bd oeabhc

    (br ft `cfst wc wbu`l gbpc sb). Dbr agfrotocs wgb rcacovc `fric fhbuets bd `cifay br

    stftutbry oeabhc, tgos hfy ebt mc tgc afsc, fs wc wo`` scc oe tgc afsc stulocs oe [frt tgc

    tcfagcrs, tgc pfrcets, tgc sy``fmus, tgc roigt qucstobes be tgc lfy, gbw shfrt tgc ago`l

    os fel sb be. \gc lfeicr os tgft rcflcrs `bbj ft 11% fel sfy rcvosobe oset vcry

    ohpbrtfet. Yc``, od oe prfatoac tgos hcfes tgft be fvcrfic f ago`l wgb lbcsetrcvosc wo``

    ict wbrsc rcsu`ts tgfe bec wgb lbcs, tgce fe r=bd ;.11 scchs f `bt hbrc ohpbrtfet.

    \gcrc wo`` mc f`wfys mc ago`lrce wgb rcvosc f `bt fel lbet lb wc``, fel tgbsc wgb lb eb

    rcvosobe fel lb wc``.

    \b gc`p ybu rcfl cfag agfrt, feytgoei wotg m`uc lbtsos prbhptcl fwfrcecss fel

    feytgoei wotg purp`c lbtsos spbetfecbus fwfrcecss.

  • 7/21/2019 Ringing a Bell

    8/31

    7|

    \gc rc`ftobesgop mctwcce prbhptcl fwfrcecss fel oeabhc\gc prbhptcl fwfrcecss sabrc dbr f agfroty os tgc mrbflcst hcfsurc bd fwfrcecss wc

    trfaj fel os quotc sohp`y tgc prbpbrtobe bd tgc pbpu`ftobe tgft gfs gcfrl bd tgc

    brifeosftobe.

    Sesurprosoei`y tgce, fs agfrt 6 mc`bw sgbws, wc dbuel tgft tgcrc os f vcry strbei

    rc`ftobesgop mctwcce prbhptcl fwfrcecss fel tbtf` oeabhc `cvc`s. Oe stftostoaf` tcrhs,

    bur fef`ysos sgbwcl fe r bd .11 (usoei f `bi-trfesdbrhcl rcircssobe), ohp`yoei tgft

    11% bd tgc vfroftobe oe bec afe mc cxp`foecl my tgc btgcr. Yc try fel cxp`foe hbrc

    fmbut tgc stftostoaf` fef`ysos wc gfvc afrrocl but, fel tgc nfribe wc usc, oe tgc mbx

    fmbvc fel tgc fppcelox ft tgc cel.

    Agfrt 6> [rbhptcl fwfrcecss vs tbtf`oeabhc

    ] 8 ;.11

    ;%

    =;%

  • 7/21/2019 Ringing a Bell

    9/31

    ?|

    btgcr. \gcrc os f soho`fr sgfpc tb tgc irfpg, wotg fe oeotof` stccp rosc oe fwfrcecss

    mctwcce 6;h fel 6;;h, tgce f `cvc``oei bdd fdtcrwfrls fs brifeosftobes rcfag

    gbuscgb`l efhc stftus.

    Agfrt => [rbhptcl fwfrcecss vs vb`uetfry

    oeabhc

    [rbhptcl

    Fwfrcecss

    ] 8 ;.16

    ;%

    =;%

  • 7/21/2019 Ringing a Bell

    10/31

    6;|

    agfrotocs tgft abhc tb hoel. Fifoe, wotg tgos fwfrcecss hcfsurc wc scc f strbei

    rc`ftobesgop wotg vb`uetfry oeabhc (fel tgc sfhc os truc dbr tbtf` oeabhc) oe Agfrt 1.

    Agfrt 1> Qpbetfecbus fwfrcecss vs vb`uetfryoeabhc

    QpbetfecbusFwfrcecss

    ] 8 ;.37

    ;%

    6;%

    =;%

    1;%

  • 7/21/2019 Ringing a Bell

    11/31

    66|

    \gc rc`ftobesgop mctwcce fwfrcecss fel hclof spcelBur scabel fef`ysos bd tgc sburac bd fwfrcecss os hclof spcel (fs bppbscl tb drcc

    clotbrof` fel sbaof` hclof abvcrfic). Yc `bbjcl ft brifeosftobeshclof spcel usoei dovc

    ycfrs wbrtg bdlftf.

    Qpbetfecbus fwfrcecss wfs rcfsbefm`y strbei`y fssbaoftcl wotg hclof spcel (r 8

    ;.1? fel scc Agfrt pfol-dbr hclof, suag fs \T

    fel proet hclof, gfs f huag moiicr cddcat be spbetfecbus fwfrcecss tgfe ot lbcs beprbhptcl fwfrcecss. \gos suiicsts tgft tgc hfoe ohpfat bd hclof spcel os be sgbrt-

    tcrh tbp-bd-hoel fwfrcecss, rftgcr tgfe be wgctgcr pcbp`c gfvc gcfrl bd f agfroty oe

    tgc dorst p`fac. Cquf``y ohpbrtfet os tgft fey mbbst oe spbetfecbus fwfrcecss wo`` lcafy

    bvcr tohc fel eccl rc-mbbstoei oe sox tb 6= hbetgs. Mbbstoei prbhptcl fwfrcecss hfy

    rcquorc f `beicr-tcrh strftcioa dbaus be mrfel, rftgcr tgfe nust sgbrt-tcrh hclof

    spceloei.

  • 7/21/2019 Ringing a Bell

    12/31

    6=|

    Agfrt 4 auts but fwfrcecss, tgc holl`c-hfe sb tb spcfj, fel sgbws f strbei

    rc`ftobesgop mctwcce hclof spcel fel vb`uetfry oeabhc, wotg fe r=bd ;.3=. Otswbrtg

    pboetoei but, gbwcvcr, tgft tgos abu`l sohp`y hcfe tgft agfrotocs wotg `fric fhbuets bd

    hbecy afe fddbrl tb spcel ot be hclof.

    ] 8 ;.==

    ;%

    =;%

    [rbhptcl fwfrcecss vs hclof spcel

    [rbhptclFwfrcecss

    \btf` hclof spcel (j)

    Qburac> Agfroty Abhhossobe, Agfroty Doefeaof`s fel Agfroty Fwfrcecss Hbeotbr

    ] 8 ;.3=

    ;

    3;,;;;

    6;;,;;;

    63;,;;;

    =;;,;;;

    =3;,;;;

    1;;,;;;

    13;,;;;

    Tb`uetfry oeabhc v hclof spcel

    Tb`uetfryOeabhc(j)

    \btf` hclof spcel (j)

    Qburac> Agfroty Abhhossobe, Agfroty Doefeaof`s fel Agfroty Fwfrcecss Hbeotbr. \gos agfrt os cspcaof``y dbr Toajy.

  • 7/21/2019 Ringing a Bell

    13/31

    61|

    [frt 1> Agfeics oe fwfrcecss,hclof spcel fel oeabhc bvcr tohc

    \gc ecxt stfic bd tgc rcscfrag `bbjs ft gbw tgcsc vfrofm`cs agfeicl bvcr tohc oe fe

    fttchpt tb uelcrstfel gbw agfeics oe fwfrcecss hoigt `cfl tb agfeics oe oeabhc, br

    gbw agfeics oe oeabhc hoigt `cfl tb agfeics oe fwfrcecss. Yc wcrc f`sb jcce tb scc

    gbw huag fwfrcecss agfeicl hbrc icecrf``y.

    Agfrotocs afeebt tfjc tgcor fwfrcecss dbr irfetcl: ot lbcs ib lbwe fs wc`` fs up, fel ot

    lbcs rcluac irfluf``y bvcr tohc od f agfroty lbcs ebtgoei tb hfoetfoe br oearcfsc ot.

    Lboei ebtgoei fmbut fwfrcecss `cvc`s os ebt stfeloei sto``, mut prbmfm`y hfefioei f s`bw

    lca`oec.

    Agfrt 9> Agfeics oe fwfrcecss `cvc`s, =;;?-=;61

    1

    =;

    =4

    ?

    6

    9

    64

    66

    6;

    6 Agfroty Abhhossobe, Agfroty Doefeaof`s fel Agfroty Fwfrcecss Hbeotbr

    Fs Agfrt 9 sgbws, agfrotocsfwfrcecss lbcs d`uatuftc. Dbr spbetfecbus fwfrcecss, tgc

    hbst abhhbe agfeic bvcr tgc tohc oe bur fef`ysos os tb scc f s`oigt oearcfsc oe

    fwfrcecss br dbr ot tb rchfoe stftoa. Dbr prbhptcl fwfrcecss, tgc sprcfl bd agfeics oeAgfrt 9 os hbrc mrbfl`y mfscl wotg f sumstfetof` euhmcr bd agfrotocs sgbwoei fe

    oearcfsc oe tgcor fwfrcecss, mut f soieodoafet hoebroty sgbwoei f lcarcfsc.

  • 7/21/2019 Ringing a Bell

    14/31

    6

  • 7/21/2019 Ringing a Bell

    15/31

    63|

    Qpbetfecbus fwfrcecss fel hclof spcelCquf``y oetcrcstoei os wgce wc abhc tb `bbj ft gbw agfeics oe spbetfecbus fwfrcecss

    rc`ftc tb agfeics oe hclof spceloei bvcr f dovc ycfr pcrobl. Gcrc oe Agfrt 7, wc scc f

    abrrc`ftobe, tgbuig ebt f guic`y strbei bec>

    Agfrt 7> Agfeics oe spbetfecbus fwfrcecssvs agfeics oe hclof spcel

    ] 8 ;.6?

    -3%

    ;%

    3%

    -3,;;; ; 3,;;; 6;,;;;

    p 0;.;;6

    Agfeic oe hclof spcel (j)

    Agfeic oe spbetfecbus fwfrcecss

    Qburac> Agfroty Abhhossobe, Agfroty Doefeaof`s fel Agfroty Fwfrcecss Hbeotbr

    F`tgbuig tgc rc`ftobesgop be`y faabuets dbr =;% bd tgc vfroftobe mctwcce tgc twb, ot sto``

    scchs f rcfsbefm`c ru`c bd tguhm tgft oearcfsoei f hclof mulict wo`` oearcfsc

    spbetfecbus fwfrcecss, wgo`c lcarcfsoei ot `cfls tb fe fwfrcecss lcarcfsc. Bd

    agfrotocs tgft oearcfscl tgcor hclof spcel, 3=% sfw fe oearcfsc oe spbetfecbus

    fwfrcecss, abhpfrcl tb nust 11% tgft sfw fe oearcfsc lcspotc be`y hfoetfoeoei

    spceloei.

    Be fvcrfic, tgbsc tgft oearcfscl tgcor spbetfecbus fwfrcecss oearcfscl tgcor hclof

    spcel my 6.9 ho``obe bvcr tgc dovc ycfrs. \gbsc wgb be`y hfoetfoecl spbetfecbus

    fwfrcecss oearcfscl spceloei my =?;,;;; pcr feeuh (ft rftc afrl proacs), wgo`c tgbsc

    wgbsc spbetfecbus fwfrcecss lrbppcl gfl lcarcfscl tgcor spcel my fe fvcrfic bd

    =11,;;;.

    Ots tchptoei tb wfet tgcsc doiurcs fs pcracetfics bd cxostoei hclof spcel. Gbwcvcr, dbr

    fe brifeosftobe tb ict trfatobe wotg ots hclof spcel, ots tgc fmsb`utc fhbuet tgft

    hfttcrs, rftgcr tgfe fey pcracetfic.

    Ssoei tgc rc`ftobesgop mctwcce spbetfecbus fwfrcecss fel hclof spcel, wc afe tgce

  • 7/21/2019 Ringing a Bell

    16/31

    64|

    arcftc fe cstohftc dbr tgc abst bd bec pboet bd spbetfecbus fwfrcecss 6. Mfscl be tgc

    agfrotocs oe bur survcy, fe fvcrfic agfroty wbu`l eccl tb oearcfsc ots hclof spcel

    mulict my scvcrf` ho``obe bvcr dovc ycfrs (ft rftc afrl proacs, sb pcrgfps gf`d tgft fdtcr

    ecibtoftobe) tb fagocvc fe oearcfsc bd bec pcracetfic pboet bd spbetfecbus fwfrcecss.

    \gos os `ojc`y tb durtgcr bvcrcstohftc tgc abst bd rfosoei spbetfecbus fwfrcecss, mcafusc

    tgc sfhp`c oea`ulcs brifeosftobes tgft wo`` gfvc spcet hbecy be pfol flvcrtosoei

    wotgbut tgc oetcetobe bd rfosoei spbetfecbus fwfrcecss. Ot lbcs, gbwcvcr, iovc feoeloaftobe bd tgc upgo`` struii`c dfacl my brifeosftobes tgft frc fohoei tb oearcfsc ot.

    Yc abea`ulc tgft wgo`c hclof spcel lbcs oearcfsc spbetfecbus fwfrcecss, ot os mcst

    suotcl tb tgbsc brifeosftobes wotg mbtg lccp pbajcts fel f dbauscl, `bei-tcrh mrfel

    strftciy.

    Tb`uetfry oeabhc fel fwfrcecss bvcr tohcQb dfr, wc gfvc scce tgft oearcfsoei hclof spcel scchs tb mc fe cddcatovc, od dfor`y

    cxpcesovc, wfy bd oearcfsoei spbetfecbus fwfrcecss, mut hbrc os ecclcl tb irbw f

    mrfels bvcrf``prbhptcl fwfrcecss. Qb gbw lb tgcsc twb hcfsurcs oetcrfat wotg f

    agfrotys vb`uetfry oeabhc2

    Agfrt 7 sgbws f wcfj rc`ftobesgop mctwcce agfeics oe spbetfecbus fwfrcecss fel

    agfeics oe hclof spcel. Agfrt ? (mc`bw) sgbws f vcry wcfj rc`ftobesgop mctwcce

    agfeics oe spbetfecbus fwfrcecss fel agfeics oe vb`uetfry oeabhc. \gc stftostoas dbr

    tgcsc twb agfrts sgbw tgc `faj bd fey hcfeoeidu` rc`ftobesgop wotg fe r =bd ;.;3. Lfhe

    lfhe lfhe! Lftf afe mc sb drustrftoei.

    Oe [frt =, wc sfw f strbei rc`ftobesgop fel yct oe tcrhs bd agfeics bvcr tohc, tgc

    rc`ftobesgop lbcset cxost. \gc lftf dbr agfeics oe prbhptcl fwfrcecss fel vb`uetfry

    oeabhc sgbws tgc sfhc wcfj rc`ftobesgop. Gbw afe tgc sefpsgbt bd tgc rc`ftobesgop oe

    Agfrt 1 sgbw suag f strbei rc`ftobesgop fel tgc stbry bvcr tohc sgbw suag f `ott`c

    rc`ftobesgop2

    \gc rcfsbes dbr tgos `faj bd rc`ftobesgop frc oetroiuoei fel vfrobus cxp`feftobes frc

    pbssom`c. Bec gypbtgcsos os f stftostoaf` bec: tgft tgc agfeics oe mbtg vb`uetfry oeabhc

    fel spbetfecbus fwfrcecss frc tbb shf`` tb prbluac f rc`ftobesgop (scc f`` tgbsc pboets

    a`ustcroei frbuel zcrb, o.c. eb agfeic br `ott`c agfeic oe Agfrt 7). Febtgcr os tgft rfosoei

    fwfrcecss my otsc`d lbcs ebt `cfl tb oearcfscl lbeftobes. Oe btgcr wbrls, agfrotocs frc

    ebt cddcatovc`y usoei fe oearcfsc oe fwfrcecss br oeabhc fs f duc` dbr oearcfsc oe tgc

    btgcr. Oe [frt 3, wc `bbj ft tgc stcppoei stbecs tgft hoigt mc ecclcl tb `cfl drbh

    oearcfscl fwfrcecss tb oearcfscl oeabhc (fel voac vcrsf).

    6\gos os my ecacssoty mfscl be quotc f shf`` sfhp`c sozc, sb tgc doiurc sgbu`l mc tfjce wotg f ibbl poeag bdsf`t. \gcsc doiurcs frc f`sb mfscl be rftc afrl proacsoe tgc rcf` wbr`l, agfrotocs rcacovc sumstfetof`losabuets be tgcsc proacs, suiicstoei tgft tgc fatuf` abst hfy mc `bwcr. Ots tgc hclof fatovotyrftgcr tgfetgc hclof abst tgft rcf``y hfttcrs.

  • 7/21/2019 Ringing a Bell

    17/31

    69|

    Agfrt ?> Agfeics oe spbetfecbus fwfrcecssvs agfeics oe vb`uetfry oeabhc

    Qburac> Agfroty Abhhossobe, Agfroty Doefeaof`s fel Agfroty Fwfrcecss Hbeotbr

    -4%

    -

  • 7/21/2019 Ringing a Bell

    18/31

    67|

    [frt Cvolceac drbh afsc stulocsdbr fel fifoest hclof spcel br

    oeabhc lrovoei fwfrcecss

    \gc `fst scatobe wfs du`` bd stfts=. \gos bec os du`` bd tgc afsc stulocs bd oelovoluf`

    brifeosftobes fel `bbjs ft gbw tgcor fwfrcecss, oeabhc fel hclof spcel gfvc agfeicl

    bvcr tohc.

    \gc pboet bd tgcsc afsc stulocs os ebt tb afst nulihcet, mut sohp`y tb scc wgctgcr sbhc

    bd tgc rc`ftobesgops wc sfw (br lolet scc) oe tgc `fst scatobe mcfr f rc`ftobesgop tb tgc

    rcabrls bd oelovoluf` brifeosftobes.

    Afsc stuly> Mrotosg ]cl ArbssF `bei-tcrh gbuscgb`l efhc oe Mrotfoe wotg bvcr ?;% prbhptcl fwfrcecss, tgc Mrotosg]cl Arbss (M]A) gfs irfluf``y mcabhc hbrc fel hbrc `ojc`y tb mc tbp-bd-hoel fhbei

    hchmcrs bd tgc pum`oa. Ygo`c tgc bvcrscfs agfrotocs icecrf``y scc tchpbrfro`y mbbstcl

    spbetfecbus fwfrcecss luroei hfnbr losfstcr fppcf`s, tgc suaacss scce my M]A gfs

    mcce mbtg sustfoecl fel abesostcet bvcr tohc. Agfrt 6; sgbws gbw ot gfs oearcfscl ots

    spbetfecbus fwfrcecss quotc abesostcet`y bvcr tgc `fst dcw ycfrs.

    Agfrt 6;> Mrotosg ]cl Arbss QpbetfecbusFwfrcecss =;;?-=;61

    Qburac> Agfroty Fwfrcecss Hbeotbr

    66%

    =6%

    Bat-;7 Hfr-;? Fui-;? Nfe-6; Nue-6; Ebv-6; Fpr -66 Qcp-66 Dcm-6= N u-6= Lca-6= Hfy-61 Bat-61

    =Qtftostoaf` fef`ysos bd r=8 .374 sgbws tgft wc frc quotc jcce be cvolceac fel stftostoas ft

    edpQyecriy, cvce od tgc rcsu`ts frc be baafsobes ebt fs a`cfr-aut fs wc hoigt `ojc.

  • 7/21/2019 Ringing a Bell

    19/31

    6?|

    \gos gfs db``bwcl f abesostcet irbwtg oe hclof spcel, fs sgbwe mc`bw oe Agfrt 66. Bvcr

    tgc sfhc pcrobl, gbwcvcr, oeabhc gfs f`sb irbwe. Tb`uetfry oeabhc ircw drbh ?3h oe

    =;;? tb f pcfj bd 61;h oe =;66, mcdbrc lca`oeoei tb 6;?h oe =;6=, mut tgce rosoei

    fifoe tb 6=7 ho``obe oe =;61. Ygo`c M]As oeabhc os f`wfys `ojc`y tb mc vfrofm`c

    lcpceloei be tgc euhmcr fel saf`c bd chcriceay fppcf`s oe f iovce ycfr, tgc rcsu`t os

    sto`` abesostcet wotg bur doeloeis tgft oearcfscl hclof spcel afe oearcfsc spbetfecbus

    fwfrcecss, fs afe duelrfoscl oeabhc. \gc afsc dbr M]A scchs tb mc f vortubus aora`cwotg oeabhc, spbetfecbus fwfrcecss fel hclof spcel f`` oearcfsoei mctwcce =;;? fel

    =;61, cvce od ebt abesostcet`y

    Agfrt 66> Mrotosg ]cl Arbss Tb`uetfryOeabhc fel Hclof Qpcel (j) =;;?-=;61

    Qburac> Agfroty Abhhossobe, Agfroty Doefeaof`s fel Agfroty Fwfrcecss Hbeotbr

    ?3,4;;

    6=7,1;;

    9,3

  • 7/21/2019 Ringing a Bell

    20/31

    =;|

    Agfrt 6=> ]E@O Qpbetfecbus Fwfrcecss=;;?-=;61

    Qburac> Agfroty Fwfrcecss Hbeotbr

    7% 7%

    Bat-;7 Hfr-;? Fui-;? Nfe-6; Nue-6; Ebv-6; Fpr-66 Qcp-66 Dcm-6= Nu`-6= Lca-6= Hfy-61 Bat-61

    Agfrt 61> ]E@O Tb`uetfry Oeabhc fel HclofQpcel (j) =;;?-=;61

    Qburac> Agfroty Abhhossobe, Eoc`sce fel Agfroty Doefeaof`s

    6

  • 7/21/2019 Ringing a Bell

    21/31

    =6|

    Afsc stuly> BxdfhBxdfh gfs gfl bec bd tgc goigcst `cvc`s bd spbetfecbus fwfrcecss oe bur rcscfrag bd

    fey agfroty dbr hfey ycfrs, f`tgbuig ot os dfor`y stftoa (br oelccl, abesostcet).

    Agfrt 6 Bxdfh Qpbetfecbus Fwfrcecss

    =;66-=;61

    Qburac> Agfroty Fwfrcecss Hbeotbr

  • 7/21/2019 Ringing a Bell

    22/31

    ==|

    Afsc Qtuly> YftcrFolDoef``y, YftcrFol gfs gfl soieodoafet suaacss oe irbwoei fwfrcecss bd ots mrfel oe rcacet

    ycfrs (Agfrt 64), fs wc`` fs oearcfsoei ots oeabhc fel hclof spcel (Agfrt 69). Oe btgcr

    wbrls, tgc tgrcc oeloaftbrs wc frc hcfsuroei frc f`` gcfloei oe tgc roigt lorcatobe. Ots

    prbhptcl fwfrcecss gfs rosce drbh Agfroty Fwfrcecss Hbeotbr

    YftcrFol Tb`uetfry Oeabhc felHclof Qpcel (j) =;;?-=;61

    Qburac> Agfroty Abhhossobe, Eoc`sce fel Agfroty Doefeaof`s

    =?,1?1

  • 7/21/2019 Ringing a Bell

    23/31

    =1|

    Ygft lb tgc afsc stulocs tc`` us2\gc dorst fel `fst afsc stulocs, Mrotosg ]cl Arbss fel YftcrFol, sgbw cxfhp`cs bd wgcrc

    fwfrcecss, vb`uetfry oeabhc fel hclof spcel frc f`` rosoei. Yc wbu`l suspcat f

    vortubus aora`c os ft wbrj gcrc. \gc hbrc duelrfosoei f agfroty lbcs, tgc mcttcr-jebwe ot

    mcabhcs, tgc cfsocr ot wo`` mc tb rfosc hbecy fel sb ots vb`uetfry oeabhc wo`` ib up,

    iovoei ot hbrc oeabhc tb spcel be pfol hclof.

    \gc afsc stulocs bd ]E@O fel Bxdfh frc hbrc abhp`oaftcl. ]E@O gfs rfoscl `cvc`s bd

    vb`uetfry oeabhc (f`mcot wotg oearcfscs oe `cifay oeabhc fs f hfnbr pfrt bd tgft

    oearcfsc), mut stftoa `cvc`s bd fwfrcecss. \gos suiicsts tgft tgcrc frc hu`top`c strftciocs

    dbr rfosoei oeabhc, fel tgft otspcrdcat`y pbssom`c tb rfosc vb`uetfry oeabhc wotgbut

    cotgcr gfvoeibr arcftoeif rosoei `cvc` bd fwfrcecss. \gfts eb rcf` surprosc. Bxdfh

    be tgc btgcr gfel f`sb sgbws stftoa fwfrcecss `cvc`s, mut wotg vb`uetfry oeabhc oe

    lca`oec. Goig `cvc`s bd spbetfecbus fwfrcecss, tgce, lbet prcvcet f lca`oec oe

    vb`uetfry oeabhc.

    \gc ]E@O afsc stuly f`sb suiicsts tgft otspbssom`c tb gfvc f lcacet yct stftoa `cvc` bd

    fwfrcecss fel tgft tgos hfy ebt, be ots bwe, rfosc vb`uetfry oeabhc. Cfr`ocr wc uscl f

    hctfpgbr bd fwfrcecss mcoei `ojc f joel bd brifeosftobef` dotecss. Dotecss hfjcs ot cfsocr

    tb rue dfst fel sustfoe cxcraosc dbr prb`beicl pcrobl. Cquf``y, mcoei dot be ots bwe lbcs

    ebt woe cvcry joel bd rfac. Ot eccls tb mc tgc roigt joel bd dotecss dbr tgc fatovotocs tgft

    frc `ojc`y tb mc uelcrtfjce. Qoho`fr`y, od fwfrcecss os f hcfes tb fe cel, ot gfs tb mc

    gfrecsscl abrrcat`y oe brlcr tb mc turecl oetb goig `cvc`s bd vb`uetfry oeabhc. Gbw tgft

    hoigt mc fagocvcl os tgc tbpoa bd tgc doef` pfrt bd tgos rcpbrt.

  • 7/21/2019 Ringing a Bell

    24/31

    = \bwfrls f strftciy dbrrfosoei fwfrcecss

    @cfreoeis sb dfrFwfrcecss abhcs drbh f mrcfltg bd sburacs, ebt nust oeabhc br hclof spcel.Ygo`c tgos rcpbrt gfs dbauscl be tgc lftf be oeabhc fel hclof spcel, tgcrc frc hfey

    sburacs bd fwfrcecss, wotg loddcroei cfsc bd hcfsurchcet fel fef`ysos

    Loddcrcet fatovotocs lrovc loddcrcet joels bd fwfrcecss. \gc cvolceac drbh bur

    fef`ysos os tgft hclof spcel os ibbl dbr rfosoei spbetfecbus fwfrcecss rftgcr tgfe

    prbhptcl fwfrcecss. \gc bppbsotc os prbmfm`y truc bd agfroty sgbps fs tgcor prcsceac os

    dfor`y stftoa. \gc jcy hcssfic, gbwcvcr, os tgft f agfroty eccls tb hftag ots fwfrcecss-

    rfosoei fatovotocs wotg ots fwfrcecss-rfosoei ibf`s.

    Fel loddcrcet joels bd fwfrcecss hfttcr dbr loddcrcet fuloceacs.Dbr duelrfosoei

    fuloceacs, otsprbmfm`y prbhptcl fel spbetfecbus fwfrcecss tgft hfttcr tgc hbst,

    wgo`c dbr pb`otoaf` fel nburef`ostoa fuloceacs ot os prbmfm`y fwfrcecss bd tgc afusc f

    agfroty wbrjs oe tgft hfttcrs hbrc. \gos os be`y rc`ftovc tgbuig, fel pfrt`y loatftcl my

    tgc bvcrf`` mrfel (sb od f agfroty os af``clxxx ago`lrces agfroty,ots efhc lbcs f `bt bd

    tgc wbrj be oeloaftoei tgc afusc ot wbrjs oe).

    Fwfrcecss, oeabhc fel hclof spcel frc f`` strbei`y abrrc`ftcl wotg bec

    febtgcr. Sesurprosoei`y, `fricr brifeosftobes tcel tb spcel hbrc be hclof fel f`sb

    tcel tb gfvc mrbflcr fel lccpcr pum`oa fwfrcecss.

    Ybrjoei but tgc afusc fel cddcatoe agfeics mctwcce fwfrcecss fel

    oeabhc os vcry loddoau`t.Ygce wc `bbj ft agfeics bvcr tohc, tgc oetcrp`fy mctwcce

    fwfrcecss fel oeabhc mcabhcs hbrc abhp`oaftcl. Hbst agfrotocs tcel tb gfvc stfm`c

    fwfrcecss bvcr tohc, wgoag hfjcs hcfsuroei gbw agfeic fatuf``y gfppces quotc

    loddoau`t.

    Irbwtg oe hclof mulicts lbcs tcel tb `cfl tb fe oearcfsc oe tbp-bd-hoel

    fssbaoftobefhbei tgc pum`oa.Yc cstohftc, wotg scvcrf` prbvosbs, tgft fe fvcrfic

    agfroty (o.c. wgbsc fwfrcecss lolet abhc drbh btgcr sburacs) abu`l gfvc tb oearcfsc otshclof spcel my guelrcls bd tgbusfels bd pbuels bvcr dovc ycfrs tb fagocvc fe oearcfsc

    bd bec pcracetfic pboet bd spbetfecbus fwfrcecss.

    \gcrc wfs eb rc`ftobesgop mctwcce agfeics oe hclof mulicts fel prbhptcl

    fwfrcecss. \gos suiicsts tgft btgcr sb`utobes frc ecclcl dbr f irbwoei mrcfltg bd

    fwfrcecss fel tgft ot gfs mcabhc hbrc loddoau`t tb muy ot bvcr tohc.

  • 7/21/2019 Ringing a Bell

    25/31

    =3|

    Hblc`s dbr tgc rc`ftobesgop mctwcce fwfrcecss fel oeabhcYc tgbuigt ot wbrtg tryoei tb sct but tgc rc`ftobesgop mctwcce oeabhc fel fwfrcecss

    drbh mbtg tgc lbebr fel tgc agfrotys pboet bd vocw. Agfrt 67sgbws tgc scquceac bd

    stcppoei stbecs dbr f lbebr wgb gfs fel gfset gcfrl bd f agfroty, br jebws wgft ot

    lbcs.

    Agfrt 67> \gc lbebrs vocw> gbw fwfrcecsswbrjs

    \gc scquceac bd cvcets os quotc loddcrcet wgcrc f lbebr os fwfrc bd f agfroty fel wgcrc

    sgc oset.A`cfr`y oe ecotgcr afsc os tgcrc f iufrfetcc bd fe butabhc tgbuig. F lbebr

    hfy mc fwfrc bd f agfroty fel ebt iovc, mc ot mcafusc tgcy gfvc nust iovce, tgcy frc

    dcc`oei gfrl-up br dbr f gbst bd btgcr rcfsbes.

    Qoho`fr`y, `faj bd fwfrcecss lbcset hfjc f lbeftobe ohpbssom`c. Qbhcmbly hfy iovc

    mcafusc bd f drocel tgcy trust, br f strcct duelrfoscr tgcy dfeay fsjcl tgch, br mcafusc

    ot os f afusc tgcy frc pfssobeftc fmbut. Oe cotgcr sacefrob, fwfrcecss be`y oearcfscs tgc

    `ojc`ogbbl tgft sbhcmbly wo`` ib be tb hfjc f lbeftobe.

    Agfrt 6? sgbws tgc sfhc prbacss drbh tgc agfrotys pboet bd vocw. \gc scquceac bd

    cvcets os dfor`y soho`fr. Yotg fwfrcecss, tgc euhmcr bd pcbp`c wgb frc `ojc`y tb iovc os

    oearcfscl. F`tgbuig iovoei oset iufrfetccl, tgc pcracetfic tgft hbvcs dbrwfrl tb cfag

    stcppoei stbec os oearcfscl. Agfrt 6? f`sb sgbws gbw oearcfscl duelrfosoei afe `cfl tb

    oearcfscl fwfrcecss.

  • 7/21/2019 Ringing a Bell

    26/31

    =4|

    Agfrt 6?> \gc Agfrotys vocw> stcppoeistbecs dbr fwfrcecss tb `cfl tb oeabhc

    \gc aruaof` pboet oe mbtg tgcsc agfrts os f agfroty eccls tb mc hfefioei cfag stcppoei

    stbec. Qohp`y oearcfsoei fwfrcecss lbcs ebt `cfl tb oeabhc: cfag stcp oe tgc prbacss

    eccls tb mc abhp`ctcl my guelrcls br tgbusfels bd lbebrs.

    Ygft sgbu`l f agfroty lb tb lrovc ots fwfrcecss up2

    6. Gfvc f strftciy dbr gbw ybu muo`l fwfrcecss

    Fwfrcecss bd agfrotocs os rfoscl oe f wgb`c gbst bd wfys> my flvcrtosoei, my hclof

    abvcrfic, my sgbps, my scrvoacs, my stfdd fel vb`uetccrs, my abhhueoty fatovotocs fel sb

    be. \gc moiicst agfrotocs wo`` prbmfm`y rfosc fwfrcecss tgrbuig f`` tgcsc rbutcs.

    Gbwcvcr, shf``cr agfrotocs wotg `bwcr fwfrcecss eccl tb poaj twb br tgrcc bd tgcsc

    rbutcs fel hfjc tgch gfppce. Ygoag tgcy agbbsc wo`` lcpcel be tgc sotuftobe dbr cfag

    agfroty. \gos hoigt lcpcel be wgctgcr tgcrc os f mulict dbr flvcrtosoei, od tgcrc frc `bts

    bd scrvoacs br sgbps ft tgc `baf` `cvc`, wgctgcr pcbp`c lb `bts bd abhhueoty cvcets dbr

    tgch br od tgcrc f `bt bd duelrfosoei fatovotocs.

    =. Lcaolc wgoag fspcats bd mrfel fel fwfrcecss hfttcr tb ybu

    Fwfrcecss os ebt bec-lohcesobef`, mut hu`to-lohcesobef`. Frc pcbp`c fwfrc bd tgc

    agfroty2 Lb tgcy jebw wgft ot lbcs2 Lbcs ot abhc tb hoel wgce tgcy tgoej bd f agfroty

    wbrjoei be tgft afusc2 Br os ot poicbe-gb`cl tb afrry but f acrtfoe typc bd wbrj2 Ybu`l

    tgcy tgoej fmbut f agfroty tb ib tb dbr flvoac, mut ebt tb `cfvc f `cifay tb2 \gc

    pcrhutftobes frc guic, sb cfag agfroty eccls tb lcaolc wgoag fspcats bd ots fwfrcecss

    fel mrfel ot wfets tb rfosc br agfeic. Dbr cxfhp`c, wc wbu`l ebrhf``y sfy tgft beac f

    agfrotys prbhptcl fwfrcecss rcfagcs frbuel 9;% br sb, ot hfy mc tohc tb dbaus be

    wgft tgc agfroty lbcs, br be btgcr fspcats bd tgc mrfel. Ot ecvcr acfscs tb fhfzc us

  • 7/21/2019 Ringing a Bell

    27/31

    =9|

    gbw sbhc agfrotocs frc vcry wc``-jebwe, mut wgce ybu fsj pcbp`c wgft ot lbcs tgcy frc

    f`tbictgcr `css a`cfr.

    1. Lcaolc wgb frc tgc jcy fuloceacs dbr goig fwfrcecss

    Ygo`c sbhc agfrotocs wo`` wfet tgc SJ icecrf` pum`oa tb mc fwfrc bd tgch, oe hfey afscs

    tgc fuloceac dbr f agfrotys wbrj os, br sgbu`l mc, hbrc dbauscl. \gcrc os f `fw bd

    oevcrsc cddbrt wotg tgc fuloceacs dbr abhhueoaftobes fel duelrfosoei wbrj: tgc moiicrtgc fuloceac, tgc hbrc rcsburacs ecclcl tb oed`uceac tgch, fel tgc `css agfeic oe tgcor

    fwfrcecss wo`` mc dbr fey ueot bd rcsburac. Qb, od f agfroty wfets tb oed`uceac dovc ho``obe

    hchmcrs bd tgc pum`oa (fmbut 6;% bd tgc tbtf` flu`t pbpu`ftobe), fey cddbrt wo`` ib

    durtgcr tgfe od tgc cddbrt os lorcatcl ft f`` bvcr

  • 7/21/2019 Ringing a Bell

    28/31

    =7|

    sbhctgoei lbcset wbrj).

    9. Qcaurc tgc guhfe fel doefeaof` rcsburacs tb mroei tb ybur strftciy tb `odc

    Eb hfttcr gbw ibbl tgc strftciy, ot rcquorcs pcbp`c fel hbecy tb mroei ot tb `odc fel

    hfjc ot wbrj. \gc pcbp`c rcsburacs hoigt mc f mrfel hfeficr tb bwe fwfrcecss-

    rfosoei fel hfjc ot gfppce, br `baf` hclof bddoacrs tb oearcfsc rciobef` br `baf`

    abvcrfic. \gc doefeaof` rcsburacs hoigt mc tgc mulict tb scel but hfo`oeis tb f tfrictfuloceac, br tb trfoe stfdd fel vb`uetccrs oe mrfel fel fwfrcecss-rfosoei, rue fwfrcecss

    flvcrtosoei br oearcfsc duelrfosoei fatovotocs. Ygo`c tgc rcsburacs wo`` eccl tb mc oe

    prbpbrtobe tb mbtg tgc fhmotobe bd tgc brifeosftobe fel ots bvcrf`` sozc, wotgbut fey

    pcbp`c br mulict tb lb tgc nbm otsgfrl tb scc gbw f strftciy afe mc lc`ovcrcl. Dbr

    sbhc, tgos hfy mc fmbvc tgc `oec flvcrtosoei tb mbbst spbetfecbus fwfrcecss, wgcrcfs

    dbr btgcrs ot wo`` mc oearcfscl hclof abvcrfic.

    7. Hfjc surc tgc roigt pcbp`c frc be mbfrl oetcref``y fel cxtcref``y

    Bec bd tgc abestfet rcdrfoes wc gcfr drbh abhhs fel duelrfosoei lorcatbrs os gbw tgcor

    ACBs, fel pfrtoau`fr`y tgcor trustccs, tcel tb gfvc `ohotcl pftoceac br suppbrt dbr tgcohpbrtfeac bd f agfrotys mrfel. Oelccl, tgcrc frc sbhc mbfrls wgcrcmrfelos f lorty

    wbrl. Qb bec bd tgc tfsjs dbr feymbly wgb gbpcs tb muo`l fwfrcecss fel dbaus f

    agfrotys mrfel os tb ict tgc roigt pcbp`c be mbfrl oetcref``y. \gft lcdoeotc`y oea`ulcs tgc

    duelrfosoei lorcatbr, tgc doefeac lorcatbr, tgc ACB fel tgc trustccs. Od jcy pcbp`c lbet

    suppbrt tgc mrfel fel fwfrcecss strftciy, ot wo`` vcry cfso`y `bsc ohpfat fel

    cddcatovcecss.

    ?. Jebw wgft ybur fwfrcecss `cvc`s frc

    Ot ibcs wotgbut sfyoei tgft mcoei fm`c tb hcfsurc tgc loddcrcet typcs bd fwfrcecss os

    guic`y ohpbrtfet fel otsohpbssom`c tb jebw wgctgcr prbircss os mcoei hflc wotgbutsbhc joel bd rcscfrag. \gc ibbl ecws os tgft edpQyecriy rues f vcry abst-cddcatovc

    mrfel trfajoei scrvoac af``cl tgc Agfroty Fwfrcecss Hbeotbr.1Qbhc agfrotocs hfy wfet

    tb lb tgcor bwe mcspbjc rcscfrag tb hcfsurc vcry spcaodoa fspcats bd tgcor fwfrcecss.

    Cquf``y, ot hfy wc`` ebt mc tgc icecrf` pum`oa wgoag os tgc jcy fuloceac, mut ybur bwe

    vb`uetccrs, lbebrs, I[s, tcfagcrs, H[s br fey euhmcr bd btgcr fuloceacs. Ygbcvcr ybur

    jcy fuloceacs frc, tgc hbeotbroei fel cvf`uftobe wbrj eccls tb lbvctfo` wotg tgch.

    6;. [rcpfrc dbr tgc `bei gfu`

    ]fosoei fwfrcecss bd f agfroty os eb cfsy tfsj, cspcaof``y od tgc fuloceac sozc os `fric fel

    tgc mulict shf``. Bec bd tgc jcy oeirclocets bd suaacss os dbr f agfroty tb stoaj ft ot. Burru`c bd tguhm wbu`l mc tgft f agfroty afe rfosc fwfrcecss bd ots wbrj wotg H[s oe 4-6=

    hbetgs, mut rfosoei fwfrcecss fhbeist tgc icecrf` pum`oa wo`` tfjc =-3 ycfrs, prbmfm`y

    cvce `beicr od tgc rcsburacs fel abesostceay bd strftciy frcet tgcrc. [ut febtgcr wfy, od

    f agfroty jccps agfeioei ots mrfel, ots hcssfic fel ots dbaus cvcry ycfr br twb, ot

    1Btgcr mrfel trfajoei scrvoacs frc fvfo`fm`c fel wc frc f`wfys gfppy tb lb f prbpbsf` dbr ybu.

  • 7/21/2019 Ringing a Bell

    29/31

    =?|

    sgbu`let mc surproscl od ebtgoei huag agfeics fmbut ots mrfel fwfrcecss

    Abea`usobe

    Ycrc sbrry tb tgbsc wgb wfetcl f eoac strfoigt-dbrwfrl stbry fmbut rfosoei fwfrcecss

    fel gbw ot lrovcs up duelrfosoei oeabhc lorcat`y, sohp`y fel oeabetrbvcrtom`y. Qfl`y, tgc

    lftf lol ebt sgbw suag sohp`c rc`ftobesgops. \b ib mfaj tb bec bd bur cfr`ocr

    abhpfrosbes wotg rcvosobe dbr cxfhs, ebt cvcry ago`l wgb rcvoscs gfrl lbcs wc`` oe

    cxfhs, fel ebt cvcry ago`l wgb lbcs wc`` oe cxfhs rcvoscs gfrl. Ots ohpbrtfet tb

    rchchmcr, tgbuig, tgft tgc hfnbroty lb, fel tgc sfhc os truc dbr fwfrcecss fel

    oeabhc. \gcrc frc dcw wc``-jebwe agfrotocs tgft lbet gfvcf sumstfetof` vb`uetfry

    oeabhc, fel tgcrc frc vcry dcw agfrotocs wotg f sumstfetof` oeabhc tgft frcet wc``-

    jebwe. Gbwcvcr, ecotgcr os f iufrfetcc bd tgc btgcr.

    \gc roigt rcspbesc tb tgos os ebt tb lcspfor, br abea`ulc tgft fwfrcecss lbcset hfttcr.

    Yc tgoej tgft tgc roigt rcspbesc tb bur lftf fel bur rcpbrt os tb mc hbrc strftcioa, ebt

    `css. Mrfel strftciocs eccl tb dbaus be tgc fwfrcecss c`chcet, o.c. tgc qufetotybd

    pcbp`c wgb jebw fmbut f agfrotysmrfel, fs huag fs tgcy dbaus be tgc quf`oty bd

    pcbp`csmrfel jebw`clic.

    Yc gbpc tgft tgos rcpbrt wo`` gc`p mrfeloei fel abhhueoaftobes prbdcssobef`s oe

    agfrotocs tb pcrsuflc tgcor ab``cfiucs tb mcabhc hbrc dbauscl, hbrc losaop`oecl fel

    hbrc brifeoscl.

  • 7/21/2019 Ringing a Bell

    30/31

    1;|

    Hctgblb`biyYc sfhp`cl 3? agfrotocs drbh Afrotfs Lftfs tbp 6;; duelrfosoei agfrotocs. \gcsc wcrc

    tgc agfrotocs tgft wc gfvc fwfrcecss lftf be drbh bur Agfroty Fwfrcecss Hbeotbr fel

    tgcrcdbrc tgc sfhp`c lbcs ebt oea`ulc brifeosftobes tgft frc tcageoaf``y agfrotocs mut

    rcacovc hbst bd tgcor dueloei drbh stftutbry sburacs br cfrecl oeabhc. \gc feeuf`

    oeabhc bd tgcsc agfrotocs rfeicl drbh 6h tb 3;;h, wotg vb`uetfry oeabhcs bd

    mctwcce ;.3h fel 19;h.

    Doefeaof` lftf wfs ab``catcl drbh Afrotfs Lftfs Agfroty Doefeaof`s wcmsotc, wgoag uscs

    bddoaof` Agfroty Abhhossobe faabuets. \gc lftf abvcrs tgc ycfrs drbh =;;? tb =;61, sb

    dbr sbhc agfrts oe tgc tbp`oec scatobe, cfag agfroty wo`` mc rcprcscetcl dovc tohcs - beac

    dbr cfag sct bd feeuf` faabuets.

    Hclof spcel doiurcs wcrc prbvolcl my Eoc`sce fel rcprcscet rftc afrl proacs. Ygo`c oe

    rcf`oty hbst agfrotocs wo`` pfy mc`bw tgos proac dbr tgcor hclof, tgos hctgbl prbvolcs tgc

    be`y wfy bd abhpfroei hclof spcel farbss loddcrcet brifeosftobes wotg loddcrcet

    faabuetoei prfatoacs. Feeuf` hclof spcel dbr tgc agfrotocs fef`yscl oe tgos rcpbrt rfeicl

    drbh ; tb =;h.

    \gc lftf wfs ab``catcl my @co`f ]by`c-Lfvocs drbh AgfrotyAbhhs fel Jftc Arfestbe-

    \urecr drbh edpQyecriy, wgo`c tgc fef`ysos wfs afrrocl but my Aofe Hurpgy bd

    edpQyecriy. \gc bpoeobe fel lolfatoa pb`choa os drbh Nbc Qfxtbe. Yc frc gfppy tb sgfrc

    tgc `ost bd agfrotocs oe tgc sfhp`c wotg tgbsc wgb frc oetcrcstcl.

    Abetfataofe.hurpgyKedpsyecriy.ectdbr hbrc oedbrhftobe be fey fspcat bd tgos prbncat.

    Qtftostoaf` tcrhs

    Abrrc`ftobe F abrrc`ftobe os f stftostoaf` rc`ftobesgop mctwcce twb vfrofm`cs br twb sctsbd lftfwgo`c ot afe cstfm`osg tgft twb tgoeis frc rc`ftcl, ot lbcs ebt

    futbhftoaf``y db``bw tgft bec afuscs tgc btgcr.

    ]circssobe ]circssobe os f tcageoquc a`bsc`y rc`ftcl tb abrrc`ftobe wgoag afe hblc`

    tgc rc`ftobesgop mctwcce twb vfrofm`cs. Oe tgos rcpbrt, wc gfvc uscl

    `oecfr rcircssobe (f strfoigt `oec rc`ftobesgop) fel `bi-trfesdbrhcl

    rcircssobe (tb hblc` f `bifrotghoa rc`ftobesgoptgcsc afe mc olcetodocl

    my tgc aurvcl `oecs).

    r \gos os f doiurc wgoag hcfsurcs tgc strceitg bd tgc rc`ftobesgop mctwccetwb vfrofm`cs. \gc r sabrc oeloaftcs wgft prbpbrtobe bd tgc vfroftobe oe

    bec vfrofm`c os fttromutfm`c tb tgc rc`ftobesgop mctwcce tgc twb, wotg tgc

    strceitg bd tgc rc`ftobesgop oearcfsoei fs tgc doiurc icts a`bscr tb 6.

    p \gos sabrc lctcrhoecs wgctgcr twb vfrofm`cs frc soieodoafet`y abrrc`ftcl

    br ebt. Od p os `css tgfe ;.;3, wc afe sfy tgft f rc`ftobesgop os soieodoafet

    ft tgc ?3% abedolceac `cvc`.

    mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]
  • 7/21/2019 Ringing a Bell

    31/31

    Fmbut edpQyecriyedpQyecriy os f rcscfrag abesu`tfeay tgft fohs tb prbvolc tgc olcfs, tgc oesoigts fel tgc

    oedbrhftobe tb gc`p ebe-prbdots tgrovc.

    Yc gfvc bvcr f lcaflc bd cxpcroceac wbrjoei cxa`usovc`y wotg agfrotocs, gc`poei tgch

    lcvc`bp cvolceac-mfscl strftciocs fel ict tgc mcst dbr tgcor mcecdoaofrocs. \gc

    brifeosftobes wc wbrj wotg rcprcscet f`` sozcs fel frcfs bd tgc scatbr fel wc gfvc

    wbrjcl wotg