Rigid endoscope

1 Proximal End Interface point with the eye or video equipment2 Distal End Furthest point from the proximal end or users eye

3 Insertion Diameter The diameter quoted as the actual diameter inserted into the anatomy of endoscope sheath

4 Instrument Axis The axis of the instrument relative to the instrument axis5 Optical Axis The axis of the optical path which is displaced to the instrument axis6 Angle of View The angular value of displacement to the optical axis7 Optical Field of View The area which the conical system covers is as a cone

8 Fiber Illumination The area which the fiber illumination covers as a cone and is greater than the optical field of view

9 Working Length The actual length embodying the insertion diameter which can be applied10 Light Post Input point of the illumination when connected to a light guide and source

11 Eyeshield Used as a cup for the eye or a diameter for the attachment of video camera equipment

Originally designed for use with the eye, the eyeshield is now used to fit a camera via an optical "coupler". For glass on glass the eye-shield and sub-assembly is replaced with a unique fitting which dedicates the endoscope to a particular manufacturers camera product.

Rigid endoscopes are used for surgery of the

joints (arthroscopy), abdominal surgery (laparoscopy), and chest surgery (thoracoscopy)

urinary bladder (cystoscopy) nose (rhinoscopy).

PATIENT POSITIONING

Arthroscopic portals. L = lateral site; M = medial site. Arthroscopic aiming over the medial meniscus.

Skin incision on anteromedial aspect, 2 cm from the tibial tubercle and 6 cm below the medial joint line

Stripping of gracilis, with firm countertraction to deliver the tendon out of the incision

The two tendons have been stripped, and will subsequently be detached from their distal insertions

Measuring graft

The tendons have been sutured together.

Schematic diagram of the graft