Right form of verbs

S.K Method Spoken School. Page-15 Bodur uddin road (Wises), Joypurhat.

Given by: Sadequl Islam, Bodur uddin road (Wises), Joypurhat.Call : 01912764011,01190121738 S.K Method Gi hveZxq †bvU ¸‡jv msMª‡ni Rb¨ www.Joypurhat.co.cc GB wVKvbvq log-on Ki“b|

Right form of verbs Verb wµqv c` n‡”Q ev‡Kï cÖvY| Verb Qvov evK¨ nq bv| ev‡Kï g‡a¨ GB Verb Gi h_v h_ cÖ‡qvM n‡”Q Right form of verbs ev wµqvi mwVK i“c| Sentence Gi g‡a¨ verb Gi mwVK eënvi Rvb‡Z n‡j Grammar Gi mKj wel‡q Ávb _vKv Avek¨K| wb‡b¥ verb Gi mwVK i“c †kLvi Rb¨ KZ¸‡jv ¸i“Z¡c~Y© wbqg D`vni‡Yi mvnv‡h¨ Dc¯’vcb Kiv nj|

STEP-1 Rule-1: Subject 3rd person singular number n‡j present Indefinite

Tense-G g~j verb-Gi mv‡_ s ev es ,ies †hvM n‡e| Ab¨ person ev plural number n‡j g~j verb-Gi m‡½ s ev es, ies mqhy³ n‡e bv|

Structure: Sub+v(1)+ object+ evKx Ask| Avdwib GKwU cÎ †j‡L | Afrin writes a letter. He cries here loudly. The boy plays ball in the field. Example: (a) The boy (eat) ---rice Ans: The boy eats rice. (b) He (change) --- it. Ans: He changes it. (c) She (sing) --- a song. Ans: She sings a song. (d) Our solar system (consist)--- of nine planets. Ans: Our solar system consists of nine planets. (e) All animals (need) --- water. Ans : All animals need water.

Exercise for practice (a) A student (buy) --- a lot of books. (b) The girl (dance) --- on the stage. (c) He (dislike) --- to smoke. (d) Bangladesh (need) --- skilled manpower. (e) 1971 (bring) --- a new era for us. (f) A brave man (deserve) --- the fair. (g) An idle man (ruin)--- his life. (h) My mother (look) --- after our family. (i) He (write) --- a good hand. (j) He (appear) --- to be honest. Rule-2: universal truth (wPiš—b mZ¨) habitual fact (Af¨vmMZ Kg©), historical

event (HwZnvwmK NUbv) eySv‡j present Indefinite tense n‡e| GK universal present tense-I e‡j|

Example: (a) The sun (rise) --- in the east. Ans: The sun rises in the east. (b) The earth (move) --- round the sun. Ans: The earth moves round the sun. (c) Day (come) --- after night. Ans:. Day comes after night. (d) The man (to smoke) --- like a chain smoker. Ans: The man smokes like a chain smoker. (e) The British (defeat) --- siraj-ud-Daullah in the battle of palassay Ans : The British defeats siraj-ud-Daullah in the battle of palassay

Exercise for practice (a) The earth (rotate) --- round the sun. (b) The moon (appear) --- at night. (c) The sun (set) --- in the West. (d) My father (to take)--- exercise regularly. (e) A pious man (get) --- peace. (f) Ice (float) --- on water. (g) Water (freeze) --- in 40C (h) Darkness (symbolize) --- sin. (i) Siraj-ud-Daullah (defeat) --- the English in 1956. (j) Night (follow) --- the day. Rule-3: Be verb ej‡Z Avgiv Present tense-G am, is, are Ges past tense-G

was, were‡K eywS| ZvB eªv‡K‡Ui RvqMvq singular Gi †¶‡Î am, is, was Ges plural Gi †¶‡Î are, were emvB|

Subject + verb to be (am, is, are/ was, were+ object evKx Ask. They are students.

Bees are industrious. Karim is a farmer.

Example: (a) The virtuous (be) --- blessed. Ans: The virtuous are blessed. (b) The pious (be)--- happy. Ans: The pious are happy. (c) The rich (be) --- not always happy. Ans:. The rich are not always happy. (d) There (be) --- two primary schools in our upazilla. Ans: There are two primary schools in our upazilla. (e) There (be) --- a doctor but now he is no more. Ans : There was a doctor but now he is no more. (f) There (be)--- a high school in our village. Ans: There is a high school in our village. (g) There (be) --- two people on board. Ans: There were two people on board.

Exercise for practice (a) Bees (be) ---- industrious. (b) The idle (be) --- unsuccessful. (c) Ice (be) ---- light. (d) There (be) --- five birds in the tree. (e) Time (be) --- valuable. (f) Allah (be) --- one. (g) Light (be) --- power. (h) The earth (be) --- round. (i) There (be) --- a book on the table. (j) They (b) ---- on the table. Rule-4: mvaviYZ Adverb of time Ges frequency; ‡hgb-always, regularly,

sometimes, often, generally, daily, everyday, occasionally, usually, normally, nowadays, generally, usually, rarely, frequently, naturally, seldom, constantly, never, once a year, every a week, every year, on a week, BZ¨vw` wKQy Phrase ‡hgbt at times ,at present, now and then, all the time, once a week BZ¨vw` ev‡Kï g‡a¨ _vK‡j present Indefinite Tense nq|

Structure: Subject+ v (1) + object+evKx Ask| Do/ does+ Subject+ v (1) + object+ evKx Ask? Subject+ does not/ do not + v (1) + object+ evKx Ask| Does not/ do not+ Subject+ v (1) + object+ evKx Ask? ‡hgb: mvw`qv GKwU Mvb Mvq | Sadiya sings a song. mvw`qv wK GKwU Mvb Mvq ? Does Sadiya sing a song? mvw`qv GKwU Mvb Mvq bv | Sadiya does not sing a song. mvw`qv wK GKwU Mvb Mvq bv ? Does not Sadiya sing a song? Example: (a) Rahul always (disturb) --- the class. Ans: Rahul always disturbs the class. (b) A good boy (learn) --- his lesson regularly. Ans: A good boy learns his lesson regularly. (c) He sometimes (come) --- here. Ans:. He sometimes comes here. (d) He occasionally (travel) ---- Japan. Ans: He occasionally travels Japan. (e) We usually (get) --- up at 6 a. m. Ans : We usually get up at 6 a. m. (f) My mother (take) --- her food at 10 pm normally. Ans: My mother takes her food at 10 pm normally.

Exercise for practice (a) Rahim (play) --- everyday. (b) He always (attend) --- his class. (c) Truth generally (get) ---- triumph in the long run. (d) My father (read) --- the newspaper daily. (e) An irregular student often (make)---- mistakes. (f) He normally (take) --- his lunch at 2 pm. (g) Allah always (help) ---- the pious. (h) I usually (walk) ---- on foot. (i) A grammar book always (help) --- us to learn. (j) A good citizen always (obey) --- the laws of the country. Rule-5: GKwU simple sentence-G `wU main verb _vK‡j c‡iiwUi mv‡_ ing

†hvM n‡e| wKQy wbw`©ó verb Gi mv‡_ ing hy³ Ki‡Z n‡e| Structure: Subject + verb+ object+ Present participle (verb ing)....... Avwg mvw`qv‡K GKwU Mvb MvB‡Z †`Ljvg| I saw Sadiya singing a song. ‡m mvw`qv‡K Mvb MvB‡Z ïbj| He heard Sadiya singing a song. Avgvi †QvU †evb mvw`qv Avgvi w`‡K †`Š‡o Avmj|

My younger sister Sadiay came to me running. Example: (a) I heard him (to say) --- this. Ans: I heard him saying this. (b) I have finished (to read) --- the book. Ans: I have finished reading the book. (c) I saw jerry (go) --- up over the hill. Ans:. I saw jerry going up over the hill. (d) I heard the girl (sing) --- a song. Ans: I heard the girl singing a song. (e) The old sailor watched the people (walk) --- past him. Ans : The old sailor watched the people walking past him.

Exercise for practice (a) The girl came to me (dance) --- (b) we heard them (cry) ---. (c) The old sailor saw the water snake (swim) --- round the ship. (d) The police noticed the thief (steal) --- the money (e) I heard my mother (call) --- me. (f) The children came to me (run) --- . (g) Jerry saw the authoress (write) ---something. (h) Size doesn’t matter but (chop) --- wood. (i) She likes (travel)---. (j) My teacher stopped me (say) --- so. Dc‡ii 5wU Rule (1-5) Gi Av‡jv‡K wb‡P 5wU Passage Exercise †`Lv‡bv nj|



Passage Exercise Step-1 1.

Respect, be, honor, create, teach, seem, earn A good teacher (a)--- his students properly. He (b)--- to be honest,

He earns honest livelihood. All (c)--- him. We (e)--- proud of a good teacher because he is our national wealth. A nation always (e) ---a good teacher, Because of this honor good teacher are created in the country.

2. Talk, quarrel, do, maintain, fell, behave, like

A gentleman (a) --- will with all generally. He does not (b) --- with anybody without any reason, He likes (c)--- to all in a polite manner. He (e) --- his job regularly. He (e) --- his official decorum sincerely. That’s why; he is loved by all.

3.

Be, think, feel, undergo, be, have The poor (a) --- not always unhappy, People (b) – them to be

unhappy, but an honest poor man has mental satisfaction. He (c) --- happiness in his mind. He (d) --- a glory to our society. He feels happy (e) --- his labour honestly.

4. Once upon a time there (a) --- a good singer in northern part of India. People heard him (b) --- sweetly. He tried (c) --- people occasionally. He (e) --- very busy to compose song. But he did not (e) --- chance to take rest in life. All on a sudden, he died being tired of life.

5. Bangladesh (a) --- skilled manpower because skilled manpower (b) --- capacity to develop her. We (c) --- in Bangladesh and we want her development. If we (d) --- hard, we can lead our country to the apex of success. There we should utilize them properly.

STEP-2 Rule-6: ev‡K¨ now, at this moment, at the moment, Listen! Look! right

now, This season, this year, continually, perpetually, forever _vK‡j Pesent continuous or Progressive Ges thn, at that moment BZ¨vw` _vK‡j Past continuous or Progressive Tense n‡e|

Structure: Subject + am, is ,are + verb(ing) + object+ Avgiv cyKz‡i mvuZvi KvU‡ZwQ| We are swimming in the pond. Zvnviv Bs‡iwR PPv© Kwi‡Z‡Q| They are practicing English. Avwg GKwU cÎ wjL‡ZwQ | I am writing a letter. Example: (a) He (read) --- a novel now. Ans: He is reading a novel now. (b) Karim (go) --- to college now. Ans: Karim is going to college now. (c) My mother (cook) --- then. Ans:. My mother is cooking then. (d) My parents (stay) --- in London at this moment. Ans: My parents are staying in London at this moment. (e) I (work) --- at that moment Ans : I am working at that moment

Exercise for practice

(a) She (sing) --- a song now. (b) They (watch) --- TV at this moment. (c) I (teach) in a college now. (d) Now they (work) --- in factory. (e) She (sleep)--- at this moment. (f) I (prepare) --- my lessons at that moment. (g) The students (gossip) --- at that moment. (h) We (make) --- a plan then. (i) I (understand) --- some grammar rules then. (j) The writer (write) --- something then. Rule-7: No sooner, hardly I scarcely cÖf„wZ conjunction hy³ ev‡K¨i cÖ_g Ask

Past perfect tense Gi n‡j c‡ii Ask Past Indefinite tense Gi nq| Structure: No sooner had + Sub+ verb (3) ---- than +Sub+ past+ ect. Scarcely had+ Sub+ verb+ (3) --- when+ Subject+ past+ ect. Hardly had+ Sub+verb(3)---when/before+Subject+ past+ ect. Avgiv K‡j‡R †cŠuwQ‡Z bv †cŠuwQ‡Z N›Uv evwRj| No sooner had we reached the college than the bell rang. wkgy K‡jR Z¨vM Ki‡Z bv Ki‡ZB e„wó ïi“ nj|

Hardly had Shimo left the college when /before it began to rain. Scarcely had the teacher entered the class room when the student stood up.

Example: (a) No sooner had he (see) --- the police than he (run) --- away. Ans: sooner had he Seen the police than he ran away. (b) No sooner hat the teacher (enter) --- the classroom than the

students (stand)--- up. Ans: No sooner hat the teacher entered the classroom than the

students stood up. (c) Hardly had I (reach) --- home when it (start) --- raining. Ans:. Hardly had I reached home when it started raining. (d) Scarcely had we (finish) --- our eating when he (come) --- to us. Ans: Scarcely had we finished our eating when he came to us. (e) Harldy had I (see) --- the snake, when I (run) --- away Ans : Hardly had I seen the snake, when I ran away Note: ZvQvov, No sooner did --- than, scarcely did ---when/ before, Hardly did --- when/ before n‡j c‡ii evK¨vsk Present indefinite tense Gi nq| †hgb No sooner did he enter the station than the train leaves.


(a) No sooner had the police (see) --- the thief than the thief (run) --- away.

(b) No sooner had the train (leave) --- the station than we (reach) --- there.

(c) No sooner had we (start) --- our journey than cyclone (break) --- out.

(d) Hardly had he (feed) --- sick when doctor (come) ---. (e) Hardly had the driver (turn) --- his bus when the man (escape) ---

the accident. (f) Hardly had I (call) --- her when she (response) ---. (g) Scarcely had the students (finish) --- their write-ups when the

exam (end) ---. (h) Scarcely had the students (reach) --- the school when the bell

(ring) ---. (i) Scarcely had the plane (take) --- off when we (reach) --- the

airport. (j) Scarcely had I (reach) --- home when it (start) --- to rain. Rule-8: Had better, had rather, would better, would rather, must,can, could,

may, might, need, dare, have to, has to , used to, (am,is, are,+to), able to , allowed to, make, help, late, secondary auxiliary ev modal verb Gi ci wbqg Abyhvqx g~j verb Gi Present form nq| ZLb g~j verb-Gi mv‡_ s ev es e‡m bv wKsev ‡Kvb cwieZ©b nq bv|

Structure: Subject +modal verb verb(1) + object+ etc. (1) Zzwg eis fvZ LvI|

You had better eat rice He had better eat rice. (2) Kwig KvRwU Ki‡Z cv‡i| Kanrim can do the work. Example: (a) You had better (to go) --- home. Ans: You had better go home. (b) You would rather (to leave) --- him alone. Ans: You would rather leave him alone. (c) We must (obey) --- our parents. Ans: We must obey our parents. (d) I need not (to go) ---there. Ans: I need not go there. (e) How (dare) --- you speak with me? Ans : How dare you speak with me?


(a) We would rather (stay) --- at home next week. (b) John would rather (study) --- to night. (c) Badhon had better (not draw) --- the picture. (d) Amir would rather (sleep) --- than working last night. (e) Roberto would rather (not be) --- here (f) I had better (to tell) --- him so. (g) You had better (to leave) --- the place at once. (h) They had better (to stop) --- arguing. (i) I had rather (to die) --- than beg. (j) The authors dare not (drive) --- the car. Rule-9: ‡h ev‡K¨ object, subject Gi RvqMvq e‡m Ges ev‡K¨i KZ©v ev agent Lyu‡R

cvIqv hvqbv, ZLb evK¨wU Passive voice Gi m¤úbœ Ki‡Z nq| A_ev,†Kvb wKQy Kiv nq, n‡qwQj, nBqv‡Q GB i“c eySvq Zvn‡j cÖ_‡g:

Structure: Subject + am, is ,are/ have, has+ been, was ,were, +(v1)+ etc. KvRvU Kiv nq | The work is done. KvRwU Kiv nB‡Z‡Q| The work is being done. KvRwU Kiv nBqv‡Q| The work has been done The work was done. Example: (a) My pocket (pick) ---. Ans: My pocket has been picked. (b) English (speak) --- all over the world. Ans: English is spoken all over the world. (c) He (wound) --- in the war. Ans:. He was wounded in the war. (d) The ridge (build) ---. Ans: The ridge was built. (e) He (hang) --- for murder his life. Ans : He was hanged for murder his life.

Exercise for practice (a) Radio (invent) --- by Marconi. (b) America (discover) --- by Columbus. (c) Cancer (cause) --- by smoking. (d) The battle of Palassay (happen) --- in 1957. (e) Parts of speech (divide) --- into eight classes. (f) Smoking (not allow) --- here. (g) His money (steal) ---. (h) Vegetables (eat) --- in plenty. (i) Sugar (mix) --- with flour and water proportionately to make loaf. (j) The patriot (consider) --- to be a traitor.



Rule-10: wKQy wKQy verb Av‡Q †h¸‡jvi c‡i object ev complement wn‡m‡e ïay gerund e‡m| G ai‡bi com ¸‡jv wb‡P †`qv njt admit, avoid, appreciate, consider, contemplate, delay, deny, detest, dislike, endure, enjoy, escape, excuse, stop, face, finish, miss, feel , like, forgive, give up, imagine, involve, mention, mind, postpone, practice, resist, suggest, like.

Example: (a) I enjoy (to gossip) --- with my friends. Ans: I enjoy gossiping with my friends. (b) They delayed (to pay) --- with my friends. Ans: They delayed paying with my friends. (c) She avoids (to meet) ---- me. Ans: She avoids meeting me. (d) I deny (to speak) --- to him. Ans: I deny speaking to him (e) My brother dislikes (to gossip) ---. Ans : My brother dislikes gossiping. (f) I appreciated (to take) --- your suggestion. Ans:. I appreciated taking your suggestion. (g) They considered (to give) --- us help. Ans: They considered giving us help. (h) You always contemplate (to make) --- a plan. Ans You always contemplate making a plan. (i) I detest (to smoke) ---. Ans: I detest smoking. (j) Man must endure (to do) --- something well. Ans : Man must endure doing something well. (k) He escaped (to die) ---. Ans: He escaped dying. (l) An idle boy always excuses (to learn) --- . Ans: An idle boy always excuses learning. (m) Stop (to read) ---. Ans Stop reading (n) Try to face (to challenge) --- others. Ans: Try to face challenging others. (o) I have finished (to write) --- my friends. Ans I have finished writing my friends. (p) Last night I missed (to meet) ---my friends. Ans: Last night I missed meeting my friends. (q) Neela felt like (to touch) --- the clouds. Ans : Neela felt like touching the clouds. (r) He imagined (to gather) --- his memories. Ans:He imagined gathering his memories. (s) Some students are involved in (to do) --- crime. Ans: Some students are involved in doing crime. (t) At last the principal mentioned (to build) --- another building. Ans At last the principal mentioned building another building. (u) Would you mind (to take) --- a cup of tea? Ans : Would you mind taking a cup of tea? (v) He resists (to support) --- me. Ans: He resists supporting me. (w) I like (to take) --- juice. Ans: I like taking juice.


(a) You should appreciate (to plan) --- to do new thing. (b) I considered (to forgive) --- you. (c) The saint contemplate (to say) --- his prayer. (d) I detest (to smoke) ---. (e) Endure (to live) --- with neighbors. (f) The boy escaped (to face) ---. (g) Don’t excuse (to start) --- something. (h) Stop (to write) --- . (i) He faced (to complete) ---with others (j) You have finished (to eat) --- timely. (k) I miss (to take) --- juice. (l) I felt like to drink) --- my pen. (m) They imagined (to write) --- about childhood. (n) Students should not be involved (to doing) --- crime. (o) I mentioned (to give) --- this to him. (p) Never mind (to move) --- a bit. (q) They resist (to do) --- any thing. (r) I like (to travel) ---. (s) He likes (to travel) ---. (t) They postponed (to travel) --- to Cox’s Bazzar. (u) You should give up (to smoke) ---. (v) Teacher suggested the student (to study) --- more books. (w) I forgave (to punish) ---you. Dc‡ii 10wU Rule (1-10) Gi Av‡jv‡K wb‡P 5wU Passage Exercise †`Lv‡bv nj|

Passage Exercise Step-1&2 6.

Be, put, crowd, perform, spend, like The Chinese (a) --- a lot of emphasis on the unity of the family. In

the cities, the parks often (b) --- with families (c) --- their time. There (e) --- lots of nice, clean parks. Sometimes musicians and acrobats (e) --- in the open air to entertain people.

7. Need, to be, love, ride, do , take, have

A Japanese boy (a) --- to take part in sports in their free time. Baseball, golf and martial arts (b) – usually popular with men. Most students (c) --- have much free time generally. They also love skate boarding which involves (d) --- on a flat piece of wood. A lot of practice (e) --- to keep balance on the board as it moves.

8. To be, practice, need, be, know, call, take

The craft of folding paper to give them different shapes without any cutting or pasting (a) --- origami. Although not much (b) ---- about its origin, origami (c) --- in the orient for centuries. Now, it (d) --- popular. In fact it has taken the form of sophisticated art in Japan where it (e) --- specially prized.

9. Water is an essential element of our environment. No sooner had people (a) --- it than it (b) ---. It (c) --- in different ways. Man pollutes water (d) --- waste into it. Farmers (e) --- chemicals, fertilizers and insecticides in their fields. Thus water is contaminated by various kinds of waste and filth.

10. Dear X, Hope, you are well by the grace of Almighty Allah. You wanted to

know the rotation of the world. You know the earth (a) --- round the sun. At this moment I (b) ---- to make you understand it. But it is not possible to write. You had better (c)--- a science book by regarding it .Your teacher can help you in this regard . I think he (d) – the best guide .No more today; I (e) --- fine.

Yours Y

STEP-3 Rule-11: hLb GKB e¨w³ ev e¯‘i `ywU Dcvwa‡K `and Øviv †hvM Kiv nq ZLb cÖ_gwUi

ïi“‡Z ïay Õthe’ emv‡Z nq Ges verb Gi sigular form nq| Avevi hw` `ywU Dcvwai Av‡M `ywU ’the’e‡m ZLb `yÕRb verb plural nq|

Example: (a) The Headmaster and secretary of the school (to have) --- tendered

his resignation. Ans: The Headmaster and secretary of the school has tendered his

resignation. (b) The Magistrate and collector (to be) --- efficient officer. Ans: The Magistrate and collector is efficient officer. (c) The UNO and secretary (sign) --- on the agenda. Ans: The UNO and secretary has signed on the agenda. (d) The guest and the attendant (cat) --- their meals. Ans: The guest and the attendant have eaten their meals. (e) The manager and marketing officer (be) --- present there. Ans : The manager and marketing officer is present there.

Exercise for practice (a) The president and Headmaster (to have) ---taught the topic. (b) The horse and carriage (to be) --- at the door. (c) The novelist and poet (to be) --- dead. (d) The writer and publisher of this book (to be) --- (e) The secretary and office assistant given a reward (to get) --- low

salary. Rule-12: Measurement of money, unity of distance, time Ges form G

cÖKvk Ki‡Z singular verb e¨eüZ nq| Example: (a) One hundred dollars (be) --- a lot of money for a bottle of wine. Ans: One hundred dollars is a lot of money for a bottle of wine. (b) Two hours (be) ---- a long time to wait for a doctor. Ans: Two hours is a long time to wait for a doctor. (c) 93,000,000 miles (be) --- the distance from the sun to the earth. Ans: 93,000,000 miles is the distance from the sun to the earth. (d) Fifty miles (be) --- a long distance. Ans: Fifty miles is a long distance. (e) Fifty thousand dollars (be) --- a big amount. Ans: Fifty thousand dollars is a big amount.

Exercise for practice (a) Ten miles (be) --- a long distance. (b) One hundred dollars (be) --- a great task. (c) 5,280 feet (be) --- mile. (d) Two hundred taka (be) --- a small amount. (e) Thousands of money (be) – finished. (f) 5 kilometers (be) --- a long distance. (g) Thousand of patients (be) --- there. (h) Two miles (be) ---- not a long distance. (i) Three hours (be) --- a long time. (j) Three million (be) --- a amount. Rule-13: cÖ Ë verb Gi c~‡e© mind, worth, without, by, past, cannot help,

could not help, with a view to, look forward to, would you mind, get used to while ,in , of , for, with an eye to, be, get used to,(be +used to) ,(get+ used to), (be+ addicted to ),(be+accustomed to,(be + opposed to), (be+ adverse to ) Ges preposition Gi ci verb Gi mv‡_ ing †hvM n‡e|

nvuU‡Z wK Avcbvi AvcwË Av‡Q ? Would you mind walking? Avwg evRv‡i bv wM‡q cvwi bv | I can not but go to market. I can not help going to market.



Example: (a) We went to the library with a view to (read) --- there. Ans: We went to the library with a view to reading there. (b) Would you mind (to stop) --- gossiping. Ans: Would you mind stopping gossiping. (c) Without (work) --- hard no one can prosper in life. Ans: Without working hard no one can prosper in life (d) I cannot help (laugh) --- hearing it. Ans: I cannot help laughing/ hearing it (e) He couldn’t help (to perform) --- the work. Ans: He couldn’t help performing the work (f) By (take) --- exercise regularly you can get fit. Ans: By taking exercise regularly you can get fit. (g) He went past (leave) --- me. Ans: He went past leaving me. (h) He came to me while working. Ans: e came to me while (work) ---. (i) I don’t mind (take) --- it. Ans: I don’t mind taking it. (j) He is worthy of (do) --- anything. Ans: He is worthy of doing anything. (k) I look forward to (receive) --- it. Ans: I look forward to receiving it. (l) They get used to (play) --- football. Ans: They get used to playing football.

Exercise for practice (a) I look forward to (receive) --- your letter. (b) I do not mind (take) --- a cup of coffee. (c) We go to college with a view to (learn) ---. (d) The Muslims go to mosque with a view to (say) – their prayers. (e) By (take) --- physical exercise one can get fit. (f) I could not help (laugh) ---. (g) The girl got used to (sing) ---. (h) I was used to (smoke) ---. (i) The novel is worth (read) ---. (j) By (read) --- more, you can get good marks. (k) The bus overtook past (get) --- the signal. (l) We reached there while (rain) ---. (m) He doesn’t mind (have) --- this food. (n) This fiction is worth (read) ---. (o) We look forward to (take) --- help. (p) I got used to (take) ---- exercise. Rule-14: Just, just now, already, yet, ever, lately, recently BZ¨vw` _vK‡j

Present Perfect Tense n‡e| Structure: Sub + have, has+ verb (3) + object+ etc. Sweety has just eaten rice. myBwU GBgvÎ fvZ LvBqv‡Q| Example: (a) He (go) --- out just now. Ans: He has gone out just now. (b) The train just (reach) ---- the station. Ans: The train has just reached the station. (c) He already (complete) --- M.A. Ans: He has already completed M.A. (d) You ever (be) --- to Dhaka? Ans: Have You ever been to Dhaka? (e) I (see) --- him recently. Ans: I have seen him recently. (f) You (do) --- it yet. Ans: You haven’t done it yet. (g) Lately he (write) --- a grammar book. Ans: Lately he has written a grammar book.

Exercise for practice (a) He just (reach) --- here. (b) Lately he (get) --- married. (c) Recently different types of mobile phones (introduce) --- in the

market. (d) Recently they (shift) --- to a new flat. (e) Man already (land) --- on the moon successfully. (f) Recently use of mobile phones (increase) ---. (g) The plane (take) --- off just now. (h) He is the noblest man that I ever (see) ---. (i) All our natural resources (not explore) --- yet. (j) I (finish) --- y meal just now. Rule-15: AZxZ wb‡ ©kK kã ev phrase; †hgb-ago, long since, last, before,

yesterday, last year, before long , long since, long ago, in 1995 , in those days, then, at that time, at the last month , last week , the other day, once upon a time, once, formerly. BZ¨vw` _vK‡j verb Gi Past Indefinite Tense n‡e|

Structure: Subject+ verb(2) + object+ etc. Subject+ did not + verb(2) + object+ etc. Did not+ Subject+ verb(2) + object+ etc ? wkgy MZ Kvj evwo wM‡qwQj | Shimo went home yesterday. Shimo did not go home yesterday. Did Shimo go home yesterday?

Example: (a) He (leave) --- home last night. Ans: He left home last night. (b) I (come) --- home yesterday. Ans: I came home yesterday. (c) I (see) --- you long since. Ans: I saw you long since. (d) Ten years ago I (live) --- in Paris. Ans: Ten years ago I lived in Paris. (e) A cyclone (break) --- out last night. Ans: A cyclone broke out last night. (f) Before Christ he (preach) --- Islam. Ans: Before Christ he preached Islam.


(a) Tanin (write) --- thesis many years ago. (b) He (go) --- there last year. (c) Zahid (go) --- to London last year. (d) I (buy) --- a new computer yesterday. (e) He (leave) --- the country long since. (f) A fire (break) --- out in the slums last night. (g) Yesterday an accident (take) – place near Science Laboratory. (h) He (buy) --- a piece of land before one year. (i) I not (see) --- him since last Monday. (j) Yesterday a boy (run) --- over by a bus. Dc‡ii 5wU Rule (11-15) Gi Av‡jv‡K wb‡P 5wU Passage Exercise †`Lv‡bv nj|


Deliver, look, have, heave, enjoy, has, be The president and the Prime Minister (a) --- gone to the meeting.

The M.P. and Home Minister (b) – welcome them to the meeting. 50 minutes (c) --- a long time when the President has delivered his speech. The Prime Minister could not help (d) her speech. The audience have looked forward to (e) --- from the Home Minister. In fact, the meeting has been a wonderful one. the audience have enjoyed it to their heart’s content.

12. Change, go, complete, see, satisfy, go, come

Lately he (a) --- to Cox’s Bazar, Without (b) --- natural sights, one can’t become completely satisfied with one’s life. That’s way, he (c) --- to Cox’s Bazar some days ago. He (d) --- back from this place happily. He (e) --- his idea about life lately after coming back from Cox’s Bazar.

13. Become, keep, take, go, have, do, work

By (a) --- physical exercise regularly. We can keep fit, I (b) --- to a gymnasium recently. One hundred Taka is the fee to get admission into the gymnasium. without (c) --- sound health, I cannot help (d) --- my work properly. That’s why, for sound health, I (e) --- a member of the gymnasium lately.

14. Twenty years ago the writer (a) --- in Bagdad. He could not help (b) --- his life without (c) --- poem. story or novel. 20 years 9e) --- the time when he completed his some of the famous literary creation. The president and the prime Minister (e) --- him for his great creation. But they did it after his death.

15. Five hours (a) --- a long time to wait for a friend. It is true that we cannot help (b) – without friends. But I don’t mind (c) --- any friend. I get used to (d) --- a good realm of thinking in me. I look forward to (e) --- good friends, who are resourceful mentally.

STEP-4 Rule-16: Think, notice, taste, feel, like, love, hope, suppose, hate,

want, believe, wish, imagine BZ¨vw` verb Gi Present Continuous Tens bv n‡q Present Indefinite Tense n‡e|

Example: (a) He (feel) better now. Ans: He feels better now. (b) My brother (to love) --- the countrymen. Ans: My brother loves the countrymen. (c) They (to want) --- help from me now. Ans: They want help from me now. (d) I (to hope) --- you are well now. Ans: I hope you are well now. (e) He (to believe) --- me. Ans: He believes me. (f) He (think) --- about his life. Ans: He Thinks about his life. (g) I (notice) --- him go up the hill. Ans: I notice him go up the hill


(a) I (hate) --- smoking now. (b) They (want) --- your company now. (c) She (to wish) – to get a job now. (d) You (to imagine) --- it now. (e) I (believe) --- you.



Rule-17: Causative verbs (make, get, have, help, let, behold, watch, feel, help) BZ¨vw`i †¶‡Î ïaygvÎ get Gi c‡i g~j verb Gi c~‡e© to emv‡bv hvq| Ab¨vb¨ wØZxq verb ‡jvi Av‡M to e‡m bv| plain infinitive e‡j |

Structure: Sub + make, get, have, let + verb (1) + object+ etc. Avgiv Zv‡K Jla LvIqvB

We make him take medicine Avgiv Zv‡K Jla LvIqvBjvg|

We made him take medicine Avgiv Zv‡K Jla LvIqvBe| We will make him take medicine.

Example: (a) Mother makes the baby (to laugh) ---. Ans: Mother makes the baby laugh. (b) Plase let me (to finish) --- the work. Ans: Please let me finish the work. (c) He made me (to keep) --- standing. Ans: He made me keep standing. (d) He got me (to do) --- it. Ans: He got me to do it. (e) I watched the star (fall) --- Ans: I watched the star fall


(a) He had him (to wash) --- the car. (b) He had a car (to was) ---. (c) She helped me (to do) --- the work. (d) My father lets me (to use) --- the car. (e) The president helped his advisors (arrange) --- a press conference. (f) John got jim (wash) --- the bike. (g) Ratan is having his father (contact) --- the officials. (h) The manager made the salesmen (attend) --- the conference. (i) The prime Minister is making his cabinet members (sign) --- the

bill (j) My father let me (use) --- the car. Rule-18: Noun in multitude, group noun Ges pair noun- Gi ci verb Gi plural form n‡e| Example: (a) The committee (be) --- scheduled to meet at one o’clock. Ans: The committee is scheduled to meet at one o’clock. (b) The jury (to be) ---going to decide about the matter. Ans: The jury is going to decide about the matter. (c) The committee (to be) --- violently on debating the merits of the

proposed system. Ans: The committee are violently on debating the merits of the

proposed system. (d) The calls (to be) --- arguing with one another. Ans: The calls are arguing with one another. (e) The jury (to be) --- divided in their opinions. Ans: The jury was divided in their opinions.


(a) The committee (to be) --- divided in two parts to decide about the matter. (b) The committee (to have) --- issued its report. (c) The committee (to be) --- divided on one minor point. (d) The jury (to be) --- divided in their opinions. (e) The family (to have) --- been broken. (f) The class (to be) --- divided into two parts. (g) The Congress (to be) --- responsible for the development. (h) The student (come) --- to learn now. (i) The organization (to have) --- arranged for the class. (j) The family (to be) --- broken into two parts. Rule-19: As well as, with, accompanied with, along with, together

with, in addition to BZ¨vw` Øviv `ywU subject hy³ n‡j cÖ_g subject Abyhvqx verb e‡m _v‡K|

Example: (a) Becon as well as Shakespeare (be) --- dead. Ans: Becon as well as Shakespeare was dead. (b) Mr Zillur Rahman along with his family (live) --- in Bangladesh. Ans: Mr Zillur Rahman along with his family lives in Bangladesh. (c) My sister accompanied with Zilan will have a test tomorrow. Ans: (d) I with my brother (be) --- present there. Ans: I with my brother was present there. (e) They together with me (to help) --- the poor. Ans: They together with me help the poor. (f) Honesty in addition to hardworking (to win) ---- the race. Ans: Honesty in addition to hardworking wins the race.

Exercise for practice (a) Della as well as jim (to have) --- morality. (b) Nisat as well as her teacher (be) --- going to Dhaka. (c) The students along with their teachers (to have) ---a picnic last

year. (d) Mother together with father (deposit) --- money for their child. (e) I in addition to his support (work) --- always. (f) He with his sisters (to have) --- done the thesis. (g) The boy accompanied with his friends (make) --- a noise always. (h) She accompanied with her brother (go) --- shopping everyday.

Rule-20: Adjective Gi c~‡e© the em‡j Adjective wU plural common noun G cwiYZ nq| ZLb verb Gi iƒcI plural n‡e|

Example: (a) The virtuous (to be) --- always happy Ans: The virtuous are always happy (b) The poor (to be) --- born to suffer. Ans: The poor are born to suffer. (c) The pious (to be) --- always blessed. Ans: The pious are always blessed. (d) The illiterate (to have) --- been treated bitterly Ans: The illiterate have been treated bitterly (e) The unfed (to be) ---creating indiscipline Ans: The unfed are creating indiscipline

Exercise for practice (a) The rich (to be) --- not always happy. (b) The educated (to have) --- rewarded. (c) The religious (create) --- tranquility in the society. (d) The idle (become) --- unsuccessful. (e) The brave (deserve) --- the fair. (f) The steady (win) --- the race. (g) The bad (suffer) --- in the long run. (h) The good (get) --- reward. (i) The lazy (to be) --- disliked by all. (j) The uneducated (to be) --- burden of society. Dc‡ii 10wU Rule (11-20) Gi Av‡jv‡K wb‡P 5wU Passage Exercise †`Lv‡bv nj|


Recommend, to be, take, come, worry, to have. Your silence for a long time makes me (a) ---. You wanted to join

our college. The committee of the college (b) --- seeking you. I as well as the principal of our college (c) --- you. Our principal is pious man. You know the pious (d) --- always rewarded. The committee has given assurance to take you. So, he has let you (e) --- very soon.

17. Hamper, notice, tell, prepare, ensure, inspire, to be

Most of the students of our country are expert in memorizing answer. Most of our teachers also sometimes make them (a) ---. We (b) --- now that the is going out of control. They don’t prepare note by themselves. They get them (c) --- by their tutors. The idle (d) --- always unsuccessful in life. They, of course, do not do well in the examination. Last a few years this tendency (e) --- us much.

18. Be, wish, like, build, believe, to be, learn

Happiness is a relative term. A man by (a) --- a palace my not be happy. I just (b) ---- this from my life. Many years ago it (c) --- that wealth can give happiness, but it is not so. yet, now people (d) --- to get unlimited wealth. A beggar can be happy if he can earn a coin but a businessman cannot be so. Happiness as well as tranquility (e) --- only the blessing of Allah.

19. Self-control breeds all other virtues. Man generally acts on impulses and strong desires. generally acts on impulses and strong desires. They sometimes forget that slow and steady (a) --- the race. Though 30 dollars (b) --- enough for a square meal, they want to earn more. That sometimes results in the degradation of human nature. Self-control should be formed with a view to (c) --- happiness. Once one (d) --- happy but now lack of self-control (e) --- him unhappy.

20. Flowers make one (a) --- beauty and purity. Beauty along with purity (b) --- a dream of nightingale world. The fragrance of flower refreshes our mine. Recently the demand of flowers (c) ---. We buy flowers with a view to (d) --- many tasks as they are used un different affairs. We also cultivate flowers with an aim to (e) --- money.

STEP-5 Rule-21: ev‡K¨i Subject,’ A number of ‘n‡jplural verb Avi‘the number

of n‡j singular verbn‡e| Example: (a) A number of people (be) ---- waiting to see you. Ans: A number of people are waiting to see you. (b) The number of stars in the sky (to seem) --- countless. Ans: The number of stars in the sky seems countless. (c) A large number of countries (be) --- the members of the United

Nations. Ans: A large number of countries are the members of the United Nations.

(d) The number of computer soft wares (be) ---increasing every year. Ans: The number of computer soft wares is increasing every year. (e) The number of students (be) – increasing day by day. Ans: The number of students is increasing day by day. Exercise for Practice (a) A number of students (be) --- doing their duties. (b) The number of students (be) – doing his duties. (c) A number of special conditions (be0 – necessary for the formation

of the BDR. (d) The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom (vary) --- from

element to element. (e) A number of people (be) – gathering there. (g) The number of students (be)—increasing day by day. (h) The number of quality students (be) – decreasing gradually. (i) The number of effective grammar books (be) – being written. (j) A number of effective grammar books (be)—being written.



Rule-22: Prepositional phrase hy³ inverted sentence Ges here / there Øviv MwVZ ev‡K¨ subject verb †K AbymiY K‡i| A_v©r, Object Abyhvqx e‡K¨ verb Gi i“c wba©wiZ nq| †hgb t

(1) H †h Bmjvg Av‡m| → Here comes Mr. Islam (2) H †h evjKwU hvq| → There goes the boy. Example: (a) From the branch of a tree (sing)—a bird. Ans: From the branch of a tree sings a bird. (b) There (go) the trainer. Ans: There goes the trainer. (c) There (go) --- the two trainers Ans: There go the two trainers (d) From the branch (sing) --- two birds Ans From the branch sing two birds: (e) Below the table (sleep) --- a cat. Ans: Below the table sleeps a cat.

Exercise for practice (a) Among the boys (be) --- fine. (b) From the roof I (call) --- he. (c) There (be) --- a high school in our village. (d) There (be) --- two primary schools in our. (e) There (go) --- the bus. (f) There (play) --- the boys in the field. (g) Here (be) --- my jacket. (h) There (come) --- the boy. (i) There (be) --- my shoes (j) There (sit) --- the boys. Rule-23: Before Gi c~‡e© Past prefect tense Ges c‡i past Indefinite tense

n‡e| Avi After Gi c~‡e© Past Indefinite Tense Ges c‡i Past perfect tense n‡e|

Structure:(1) Past perfect + before + Past Indefinite. (2) Past Indefinite + after + Past perfect Tense. wkgy Avwmevi c~‡e© mvw`K ¯‹z‡j †Mj|

Shimo had gone to school before Sadiq came. mvw`qv Avwmevi c‡i kvš— evwo †Mj|

Shanto went home after Sadiya had come. Example: (a) The patent (die) --- before the doctor came. Ans: The patent had died before the doctor came. (b) The patient died after the doctor (come) ---. Ans: The patient died after the doctor had come. (c) They arrived here after you (leave) ---. Ans: They arrived here after you had left.. (d) We reached home after it(start) --- to raining. Ans: We reached home after it had started to raining. (e) The bell rang after I (reach) --- school Ans: The bell rang after I had reached school


(a) The student stood up after the teacher (enter) --- the room. (b) He reached school after the bell (ring) ---. (c) The student had reached school before the beil (ring) ---. (d) We reached school after it (ring) ----. (e) I had told it after you (permit) --- me. (f) We had reached the station after the train (leave) ---. (g) We (reach) --- the station before the train left. (h) I went to Dhaka after I (hear) --- the news. (i) The boy went to Cox’s Bazar after his mother (permit) --- him. (j) The patient had become well before the doctor (come) ---. Rule-24: Correlative conjunctions; ‡hgb- Not only but ..... also, neither

.... nor, either ... or Øviv MwVZ evK¨ Zv‡`i wbKUeZ©x subject Abyhvqx verb Gi iƒc n‡q _v‡K|

Example: (a) Not only Julia but also Georgette (to want) --- to visit the zoo. Ans: Not only Julia but also Georgette wants to visit the zoo. (b) Not only Julia but also all of the grandchildren (to want) --- to visit

the zoo. Ans: Not only Julia but also all of the grandchildren want to visit

the zoo. (c) Niither Miss Brown not Jane (write) --- on the blackboard. Ans: Niither Miss Brown not Jane writes on the blackboard. (d) Neither the teacher nor the students (write) --- on the blackboard. Ans: Neither the teacher nor the students write on the blackboard. (e) Not only I but also my brothers (be) --- present there. Ans: Not only I but also my brothers were present there.

Exercise for practice (a) Neither his brothers nor his sister (approve) --- his decision. (b) Neither Feroza not her family (lead) --- happy life. (c) Either Miss Brown or Jane (write) --- on the blackboard. (d) Either the teacher or the students (write)--- on the blackboard. (e) Not only the fans bout also the team’s coach game. (f) Neither 23 children in the class nor Tony (to seem) --- to be upset

about failure in spelling ‘bee’. (g) Either the bus driver or the motorcycle rider (be) --- responsible

for the accident. (h) Either father or I (go) ---. (i) Not only pens but also books (buy) ---. (j) Not only I but also my sisters (be) --- industrious.

Rule-25: Since Gi 1g As‡k Present Tense _vK‡i c‡ii As‡k Past Indefinite Tense n‡e wKš‘ Since Gi 1g Ask Past Indefinite Tense Gi n‡j c‡ii As‡ k Past Perfect Tense n‡e|

Example: (a) It is many years since I (come) --- to Dhaka . Ans: It is many years since I came to Dhaka . (b) Many years have passed since his father (die) ---. Ans: Many years have passed since his father died. (c) It was many years since they first (meet) ---. Ans: It was many years since they first met. (d) It was long since I (see) – her last. Ans: It was long since I seen her last. (e) Five years have passed since I (see) – you. Ans: Five years have passed since I saw you.

Exercise for practice (a) Ten years passed since I (go) --- there. (b) Two years (go) --- since his brother had died. (c) This is that time since I (complete) --- that. (d) It is long since I (get) --- your letter. (e) Many days have passed since I (meet) ---. (f) Many years passed since I (go) --- to London. (g) It is five years since he (happy) ---. (h) It was ten years since he (come) --- to our home. (i) It is 37 years since Bangladesh (become) --- independent. (j) Many days have gone since I (practise) --- grammar. Dc‡ii 5wU Rule (21-25) Gi Av‡jv‡K wb‡P 5wU Passage Exercise †`Lv‡bv nj|


See, begin, play, be , take, participate A number of boys (a) --- playing the filed. In the field boys (b) ---

football in the afternoon. Not only boys but also girls (c) --- part in the game. It is ten days since I last (e) --- a tournament between boys and girls in the field. From the very beginning both boys and girls (e) --- in the match being friendly.

22. Be, take, keep, put, be, decorate, arrange

A number of articles (a) --- kept on the table. From the table I personally (b) --- different necessary things. Not only I but also he (c) --- thing on the table in decorative manner. It is two hours since I (d) ---- same articles on the table last. The member of articles (e) – always arranged properly.

23. Hear, complete, get, go, become, come

She (a) --- to Dhaka after she (b) --- the result. From the board her uncle gets the result. Not only she but also her family members (c) --- happy getting result. It is three months since she last (d) --- her examination. Today a number of well wishers (e) --- to welcome her hearing her brilliant result.

24. A number of people (a) --- gathering in the campus. From the campus they (b) --- flowers on the great hero. The people (c) --- before the great hero reaches the campus. Not only \that students but also people from all sectors (d) – to welcome the great hero. It is 5 years since people (e) --- the great hero last.

25. The number of stars (a) --- countless in the sky. From the earth we (b) ---- many stars, which are unknown to us. I (c) --- up the roof before my sister comes to see the countless stars. It is five days since my mother (d) --- here last. From our roof we (e) --- natural beauties also.

STEP-6 Rule-26: it is high time, it is time, wish, fancy BZ¨vw`i c‡i Past

Indefinite Tense n‡e| Structure: (1) It is time + Sub + Verb (2). (2) It is high time + Sub + Verb (2). (3) It is time + to + verb (1). (4) It is time +for + object + to + verb (1). (5) It is no use/ good + verb (1) + ing/ gerund. (1) GLb †Zvgvi KvRwU Kivi mgq|

It is time you did the work. (2) GLb †Zvgvi KvRwU Kivi Dchy³ mgq| It is high time you did the work. (3) GLb KvRwU Kivi mgq| It is time to do the work. (4) GLb KvRwU Avgvi Kivi mgq| It is time for me to do the work. (5) wg_¨v ejv †Kvb fvj KvR bq| It is no good/ no use telling a lie. Example: (a) I fancy I (turn) --- pale. Ans: I fancy I turned pale. (b) It is high time he (change) --- his bad habits. Ans: It is high time he changed his bad habits. (c) I wish I (sing) --- a song. Ans: I wish I sang a song. (d) It is time we (leave) --- the place. Ans: It is time we left the place. (e) I wish I (do) --- M. A. Ans: I wish I did M. A.




(a) I wish I (become) --- a child again. (b) It is time you (clean) --- our room. (c) I wish I (know) --- the address of his house. (d) I fancy I (become) --- embarrassed. (e) It is high time we (do) --- something. (f) It is high time we (go) --- there. (g) It is high time Govt. (take) --- pragmatic steps. Rule-27: me Perfect tense G g~jZ verb Gi past participle nq| to be, having Ges get Gi ciI verb Gi past participle nq| Structure: (1) Sub + got, made, had + noun, pronoun, adjective + etc (1) Avgiv Zv‡K Lywk K‡iwQjvg|

We made him pleased (2) Avwg KvRwU Zvi Øviv K‡iwb‡q wQjvg| I got the work done by him.

Example: (a) I got the work (do) --- by him. Ans: I got the work done by him. (b) I have my rice (cook) ---. Ans: I have my rice cooked. (c) I had my letter (write) ---. Ans: I had my letter written . (d) He ran away having (take) --- the money. Ans: He ran away having taken the money. (e) The principal desired the notice to be (hang) ---. Ans: The principal desired the notice to be hung. (f) You will have (heare) --- the name of Haji Ans: You will have header the name of Haji

Exercise for practice (a) I have (have) --- my meal. (b) He has (make) --- a mistake. (c) I get my cloths (wash) --- . (d) I had my egg (boil) ---. (e) He seems to be (educate) --- (f) The principal desired the notice to be (hang) ---. (g) I want him not to be (destroy) ---. (h) Having (forget) --- him, I went out. (i) I went to bazar having (eat) --- rice. (j) Jerry went back to the orphanage having (finish) --- his work. (k) You will have (learn) --- this lesson by this time. Rule-28: Lest hy³ ev‡K¨ conjunction wn‡m‡e eëüZ n‡j wØZxq As‡ki Subject Gi c‡i Should e‡m| Zvici g~j verb Gi Base form nq| Lest A_© GB f‡q, cv‡Q, f‡qi, wec‡ì ¶wZi GB AvksKv eySv‡e|

cv‡Q c‡i hvB GB f‡q †m ax‡i ax‡i nvU‡Z jvMj| He started walking slowly lest he should fall down. cv‡Q f~‡j hvB GB f‡q Avwg Zvi bvg wj‡L ivLjvg| I wrote his name lest I should forget. ax‡i ax‡i wjL bB‡j Zzwg †dj Ki‡e| Write slowly lest you should make a mistake.

Example: (a) He ran fast lest he (miss) --- the train. Ans: He ran fast lest he should miss the train. (b) Walk fast lest you (miss) --- the class. Ans: Walk fast lest you should miss the class. (c) Write quickly lest you (become) --- late. Ans: Write quickly lest you should become late. (d) Read diligently lest you (fail) --- in the exam. Ans: Read diligently lest you should fail in the exam. (e) Hurry up lest you (be) ---- late Ans: Hurry up lest you should be late


(a) They walked fast lest they (miss) --- the train. (b) The old man walks slowly lest he (fall) --- down. (c) Run fast lest you (fail) --- to meet your friend. (d) Walk quickly lest you (be) --- late. (e) The student writes quickly lest he (fail) --- in the exam. (f) Read carefully lest you (misunderstand) ---the lesson. (g) Eat balanced diet lest you (be) --- sick. (h) Drink pure water lest you (become) --- unwell. (i) Take exercise regularly lest you (be) --- unfit. (j) Eat proper food lest you (get) --- troubled.

Rule-29: †Kvb ev‡K¨ hw` Each, any, every, everyone, every, thing, some one, no one, nothing, anything, some, body, any body, any one, many a, either, nether, who, whatever cÖf„wZ Subject A_ev distributive pronoun Ges Indefinite pronoun Gi ci Singular form nq| Example: (a) Nobody (be) – here. Ans: Nobody is here. (b) Everybody (help) --- when there is a crisis. Ans: Everybody helps when there is a crisis. (c) Somebody (went) --- to speak to you. Ans: Somebody wants to speak to you. (d) Nobody (believe) --- a liar. Ans: Nobody believes a liar. (e) Everyone (be) --- allowed. Ans: Everyone is allowed.


(a) None (to be) --- to none under the sun. (b) Nobody (like) --- a liar. (c) No one (remain) --- bad always. (d) Somebody (to have) --- come. (e) Someone (to be) --- responsible. (f) Everybody (hate) --- an dishonest. (g) Everyone (to have) --- some good qualities. (h) None (to be) --- responsible for this accident. (i) Nobody (remain) ---- alive for ever. (j) No one (be) --- immortal. Rule-30: News, politics, mathematics, physics, gallows, statistics,

ethics, economics, innings G kã¸‡jvi mv‡_ ÔsÕ ¯vfvweK wbq‡g hy³ n‡q‡Q| Plural A‡_© bq| ZvB G‡ì ci verb Gi singular form nq|

Example: (a) The news (be) --- shocking to me. Ans: The news is shocking to me. (b) Statistics (be) ---my favorite subject. Ans: Statistics is my favorite subject. (c) Student politics (create) --- indiscipline in the university campus. Ans: Student politics creates indiscipline in the university

campus. (d) Mathematics (to be) ---- a difficult subject. Ans: Mathematics is a difficult subject. (e) Eithics (to be) --- the study of moral duties principles and values. Ans: Eithics is the study of moral duties principles and values.


(a) Ill news (run) --- apace. (b) Statistics (help) --- one to calculate well. (c) Economics (be) --- a good subject. (d) Politics (hamper) --- our gradual development. (e) Politics (be) --- becoming bad to worse day by day. (f) Death news (shock) --- all always. (g) The gallows (be) --- there. (h) The ethics (teach) --- us morality. (i) Mathematics (develop) --- our wit. (j) Physics (be) – a subject related to science. Dc‡ii 10wU Rule (21-30) Gi Av‡jv‡K wb‡P 5wU Passage Exercise †`Lv‡bv nj|


Show, lose, make, build, form, bring, to be Truthfulness is one of the greatest virtues. Not only virtue but also

blessing (a) --- a man really great. It is truthfulness which has (b) --- glory to people . It is high time we (c) --- truthfulness. “From truthfulness lest you should (d) --- your morality,” said the teacher.” “It must come to light sooner or later.” It is many years since man (e) --- truthfulness to bring his glory.

27. To be, hold, to have, create, made, visit, come

There (a) --- a book fair in our college compound today. Here (b) --- much enthusiasm among the book worms. I (c) --- this book fair before I (d) --- back to Dhaka. A number of books (e) --- displayed there. The arrangement was very nice.

28. To be, come, deal, become, be, want, treat

Man’s life is full of cares and anxieties. There (a) --- a life dull because of monotonous works. So, one wants to enjoy life and get relief of it. For this reason, there (b) --- various forms of entertainment. Nobody (c) --- to be unhappy in his life. Everyday the news of sufferings and deaths (d) --- to us. But we have on care for it. Everyone ironically (e) --- for himself.

29. Education gives man a clear conscious view of his own opinion and judgment. There (a) --- a truth in life. We should be educated lest we (b) --- to enjoy our life spiritually. Today, no one (c) ---- aware of true life. Everyone (d) --- after a materialistic gaining of life. The primary purpose of education is the liberation of man. a number of steps (e) --- by Govt. to do it.

30. The history of civilization shows how man always has (a) --- different between the right and wrong use of the discoveries of science. A number of incidents (b) --- in the history of people. Man always is fascinated that there (c0 --- something in the outer space. So he is trying hard lest he (d) --- to discover before his death. People have (e) – many discoveries. Yet, they are trying to do more.

STEP-7 Rule-31: People, cattle, vegetables, goods, circumstances, marks, pains, studies, works, customs, airs, premises, arms, irons, manners, quarries, amends, pliers, tongs, parts, letters, out of sorts, out of spirits, orders BZ¨vwì ci plural verb eëüZ nq| G†ì true plural noun ejv nq| Example: (a) The circumstances (to be) --- had. Ans: The circumstances are had. (b) Caules (to be) --- grazing in the field. Ans: Caules are grazing in the field. (c) The works of Shakespeare (create) ---- spirits among us. Ans: The works of Shakespeare create spirits among us. (d) vegetables (give) --- us energy to live us. Ans: vegetables give us energy to live us. (e) No orders (to be) --- yet been passed. Ans: No orders have yet been passed.




(a) People (want) --- even if they get more. (b) The pliers (to be) --- made up of iron. (c) College premises (to be) --- big enough. (d) The arms (to have) --- snatched away many lives. (e) Pains (to be) --- increasing. (f) Customs (to live) --- year after year. (g) Circumstances (play) --- role in life. (h) Manners formed in one never (go) --- away at once. (i) Vegetables (form) --- our body. Rule-32: Scissors, parts, trousers, spectacles G¸‡jv ej‡Z Avgiv `yB As‡k

hy³ eywS e‡j G‡`i‡K pair noun ejv verb plural nq| Example: (a) Scissors (be) --- necessary to cut clothes. Ans: Scissors are necessary to cut clothes. (b) The pauls (be) --- costly. Ans: The pauls are costly. (c) This trousers (suit) ---we well. Ans: This trousers suit we well. (d) The spectacles (look) --- black. Ans: The spectacles look black. (e) Shorts (be) --- very easy to put on. Ans: Shorts are very easy to put on.


(a) Scissors (help) --- to do many works. (b) The pauls (be) ---- not fit for me. (c) The trousers (be) --- white. (d) The spectacles (be) --- of worthy. (e) None (be) --- the main organs of the face. Rule-33: By this time/by + mgq (by morning, by Sunday, etc) _vK‡j

evK¨wU mvaviYZ Future Perfect Tense G n‡e| Example: (a) They (reach) --- by this time. Ans: They will have reached by this time. (b) He (return) --- by Monday next. Ans: He will have returned by Monday next. (c) I (finish) --- the b0ok by June, 2009 Ans: I will have finished the book by June, 2009 (d) By this time you (hear) --- the name of Rabindranath. Ans: By this time you will have the name of Rabindranath. (e) My father (come) --- by next month. Ans: My father will have come by next month.

Exercise for practice (a) You (finish) --- your writing by this time. (b) She (reach) --- home by morning. (c) They (complete) --- their research by 2011. (d) You (learn) --- grammar by this time. (e) I (pay) ---- your dues by Sunday. (f) You (tell) --- the matter to him by this time. (g) Mother (manage) --- her work by afternoon. (h) Father (go) --- to the field to dig it by morning. (i) You (read) ---- Hamlet by this time. (j) They (know) --- the fact by this time. Rule-34: Die, occur, belong, issue, continue, appear, disappear,

wonder, consist, and ensue(AbymiY Kiv).BZ¨vw` Verb Gi Passive voice nq bv |

Example: (a) His father (die) --- last year. Ans: His father died --- last year (b) The fog (disperse)--- Ans: The fog .dispersed (c) The book (belongs) -----to me. Ans: The book belongs to me. (d) A quarrel! (ensue) --- at this. Ans: A quarrel! Ensued at this (e) Our family (consist) ---- of five members. Ans: Our family consists of five members.

Exercise for practice (a) It (occur) --- everyday. (b) He (issue) --- 40 lakh taka. (c) It (continue) – for 5 minutes. (d) The ghost (appear) --- before Hamlet. (e) The shadow (disappear) -- - very soon. (f) It (wonder) ---- a little. (g) Our team (consist) --- two members. (h) My mother (die) --- last year. (i) The property (belong) --- to my father. (j) The woodshop (belong) --- to the orphanage. Rule-35: Sequence of Tense Abymv‡i †Kvb Complex sentence Gi principal clause Gi past Tense G _v‡K Zvn‡j Zvi Subordinate clause wUI Past Tens G n‡Z nI| Example: (a) He said that he (need) ---- some money. Ans: He said that he needed some money (b) She replied that she (feel)--- better. Ans: She replied that she felt better. (c) I found that he (to be) ill. Ans: I found that he was ill. (d) They said that they (to be) --- in a bad condition. Ans: They said that they were in a bad condition. (e) She believed that I (help) --- her. Ans: She believed that I would help her.


(a) I saw that she (cross) ---- the road. (b) He saw that the clock (stop) --- (c) I never thought that I (see) – her again. (d) We expected that we (win) – the match. (e) There was no doubt that he (steal) – my camera. (f) He asked me where I (go) --- (g) I did not know when they (come) --- (h) Did you know what he (wanted) ----? (i) The phone range when I (eat) --- (j) He waited there until (come) --- back. Dc‡ii 5wU Rule(31—35)—Gi Av‡jv‡K wb‡P 5wU Passage Exercise †`Lv†bv njt

Passage Exercise Step-5 31. Practise, be , continue, get , follow, want, be, People (a) ---perfect democracy in Bangladesh. Our democratic

circumstances (b) --- not perfect .The studies on democracy(c) --- a must. We (d) ---- to follow democratic values .people think that democracy (e) – successful if democratic culture is properly in our country.

32. be, appear ,find, come, consist, hope, will , publish. By January the publisher (a) --- the book .According to a survey it

is found that the book (b) --- good to students .The book (e)--- of eleven chapters. Each chapter is resourceful. The letters (d) --- very wonderful. The book (e) --- to be a good to learners. The teachers hope so.

33. see, belong, look, help, be, use, cost, The student uses spectacles. The spectacles (a) – black. The arts of

the spectacles (b) --- him much money .The student(c) --- to this costly spectacles. The spectacles (d) --- him see well .Two pair of spectacles (e) –available at his residence.

34. Mr Nayan said that he (a) --- to Mymensingh The previous day .Going to his birth place, he found that everything (b) – Some of his friends (c) --- last year , He (d) --- to Dhaka by Friday. Before his returning to Dhaka , it (e) to him that his heart behind.

35. His father (a) – last year .He said his father (b) --- him very carefully. He (c)--- to Dhaka by September .He wants to meet his friend .Who is a good teacher .His present circumstances (d) --- not found .But his manners (e) – He believes /Properly with all although he is in a bad condition.

STEP-8 Rule-36: Dozen, pair, sheep, deer, cattle G¸‡jv Plural number G¸‡jvi ci

verb plural n‡e| Example: (a) Twelve dozen (to be) --- enough for me. Ans: Twelve dozen are enough for me. (b) The deer (to be) --- grazing in the field. Ans: The deer are grazing in the field. (c) The cattle (give) --- us flesh, milk and physical labour. Ans: The cattle give us flesh, milk and physical labour. (d) Two pair of shoes (to have) --- been bought. Ans: Two pair of shoes have been bought. (e) Five sheep (to be) --- there. Ans: Five sheep were there.

Exercise for practice (a) Two dozen (consist) --- of 24. (b) Three pair (to be)--- taken. (c) The cattle (to be) --- grazing in the field. (d) Twelve pencils (to have) --- bought. (e) The carnivorous (give) --- us milk, flesh and so on. (f) Two sheep (to be) --- there (g) Two deer (to be) --- in touch of one another. (h) Twelve dozen (consist) --- of 24. (i) Five pair of dress (to have) --- been made. (j) Two deer (to have) – been brought in the cage. Rule-37: None of GKi AwaK fMœvs‡ki ‡¶‡Î some of, any of, all of, more

of, most of BZ¨vw`i ci uncountable noun _vK‡j verb singular Avi hw` countable noun _v‡K Zvn‡j verb plural n‡e|

Example: (a) None of the thieves (to have) --- been found. Ans: None of the thieves has been found. (b) None of the students (to be) --- going to college. Ans: None of the students are going to college. (c) Some of the water (to be) --- pure in Buriganga. Ans: Some of the water is pure in Buriganga. (d) Some of the employees (to have) --- returned. Ans: Some of the employees have returned. (e) Many of the boys (be) --- playing. Ans: Many of the boys were playing. (f) A lot of money (to have) --- lost. Ans: A lot of money has been lost. (g) A lot of people (to have) --- come to meet us. Ans: A lot of people have come to meet us. (h) A few of the students (learn) – their lesson. Ans: A few of the students learn their lesson.




(a) None of these words (to be) --- now current. (b) None of his efforts (to be) --- working. (c) All of the money (to have) ---- been spent. (d) All of the boys (be) --- punished. (e) Most of the students (to be) --- present there. (f) More of the money (to have) --- been spent. (g) Some of the vehicles (to stop) ---- here. (h) Some of pure water (be) --- store. (i) Any of the pupils (have) --- chosen by the teacher. (j) Any of the students (have) --- mistaken in writing. Rule-38: Parallel structure (A_©vr GKB sentence GKB ai‡bi verb Gi form

emv‡bvi wbqg Gi e¨envi| Example: (a) I enjoy playing cricket, watching TV and (drive) --- a car. Ans: I enjoy playing cricket, watching TV and driving a car. (b) I have already finished the work and (checking) --- the result. Ans: I have already finished the work and checked the result. (c) The children enjoyed watching TV and (listen) --- to music. Ans: The children enjoyed watching TV and listening to music. (d) The puppy stood up slowly, wagged its tail (blink) --- its eyes and

barked. Ans: The puppy stood up slowly, wagged its tail blinked its eyes

and barked. (e) I have finished writing the thesis and (save) --- the file. Ans: I have finished writing the thesis and saved the file.

Exercise for practice (a) He would not mind fishing, swimming and (hunt) --- animals. (b) Jakir entered the room, sat down and (open) --- his book. (c) Toli is a senior, studies everyday and (graduate) ---a semester

early. (d) Children love playing in the mud, running through puddles, and

(get) very dirty. (e) After HSC he will do English course, sit for IELTS and (go) --- to

London. (f) After making a good result, doing all the necessaries and

(complete) --- TOEFL. he will go to USA. (g) I like traveling, gossiping and (visit) --- historical places. (h) He has done adventurous journey, gained name and fame and

(acquire) --- knowledge. (i) Housewives do the households, take care of children and (look) ---

after family. (j) She does her homework’s, takes supper and (go) --- to bed Rule-39: wKQy wKQy verb phrase Av‡Q †h ¸‡jvi c‡i ing-verb nq| G iKg verb

¸‡jv wb‡b¥ †`qv njt Keen on, admit to , give up, are for, be used to, think about, count on, depend on, rely on, with a view to, leave of, look forward to, insist on, objection to, put off, succeed in, confessed to, accustomed to, approve, of.

Example: (a) He approves of (know) --- about it. Ans: He approves of knowing about it. (b) You should give up (to smoke) ---. Ans: You should give up smoking. (c) We are looking forward to (get) --- good jobs. Ans: We are looking forward to getting good jobs. (d) They are accustomed to (sleep) ---late on weekends. Ans: They are accustomed to sleeping late on weekends. (e) The thief confessed to (steal) --- the book. Ans: The thief confessed to stealing the book. (f) They are very keen on (learn) --- lesson. Ans: They are very keen on learning lesson. (g) I admit to (do) --- the crime. Ans: I admit to doing the crime. (h) He cares for (meet) --- me. Ans: He cares for meeting me. (i) I am used to (play) --- gambling. Ans: I am used to reading gambling. (j) I thought (read) --- the journal. Ans: I thought reading the journal. (k) They counted on (pay) --- the bill. Ans: They counted on paying the bill. (l) It depends on (help) --- you. Ans: It depends on helping you. (m) She leaves of (tell) --- a lie. Ans: She leaves of telling a lie. (n) He insisted on (do) --- it. Ans: He insisted on doing it. (o) I have on objection to (give) --- it to you. Ans: I have on objection to giving it to you. (p) Don’t put off (do) --- anything important for tomorrow. Ans: Don’t put off doing anything important for tomorrow. (q) They succeeded in (get) --- good marks. Ans: They succeeded in getting good marks.


(a) The student is very keen on (learn) ---. (b) I admitted to (help) --- her. (c) He has given up (tell) --- a lie. (d) I was used to (take) --- exercise. (e) I thought about (tell) --- it to all. (f) He depends on (do) --- the job. (g) we go to college with a view to (learn) ---. (h) He is looking forward (get) --- good jobs. (i) Headmaster approved of (give) --- an opportunity. (j) At last he succeeded in (get) ---- M.A. (k) He cares for (take) --- any help from me. (l) You should count on (take) --- money. (m) Success relies on (do) --- hard work. (n) You leave of (give) --- concentration. (o) My brother insisted on (go) --- to market with me. (p) They had no objection to (give) --- that piece of land. (q) Don’t put off (think) --- about a plan. (r) At last I succeeded in (pass) --- M. A. Rule-40: As if, as though (‡hb A‡_©) BZ¨vw`i c~‡e© Present Tense n‡j c‡i

Past Indefinite Tense n‡e Ges c~‡e© Past Indefinite Tens --- Past Perfect Tense n‡e|

Structure: (1) Present indefinite + as if/ as though + subject + were / main verb Past form + etc.

(1) wkgy Ggb AvPiY K‡i †hb †m mewKQy Rv‡b| Shimo behaves as if she knew everything. (2) mvw`qv Ggb fv‡e KvR K‡i †hb †m GKRb wkï| Sadiya works as though she were a child.

N. B. As if/ as though Gi c~‡e© Past indefinite Tense _vK‡j c‡ii g~j verb wU Past ferfect Tense n‡e| †hgbt (1) He spoke as if he had known everything. (2) She proceeded as though I had not spoken. Example: (a) He talks as if he (to be) --- leader. Ans: He talks as if he were leader. (b) He speaks as though he (know) --- everything. Ans: He speaks as though he knew everything. (c) She proceeded as though I (not speak) ---. Ans: She proceeded as though I did not speak. (d) He spoke as though he (know) --- all. Ans: He spoke as though he had known all. (e) He behaves as if he (do) ---- everything. Ans: He behaves as if he did everything.

Exercise for practice (a) He acts as if he (to be) --- mad. (b) He acted as though he (know) --- all. (c) He speaks as if he (learn) --- English. (d) The student behaved as though he (to be) --- sick. (e) The boy behaves as if the (speak) --- the truth. (f) The girl spoke as if I (do) --- the sum. (g) I spoke as if I (go) --- there. (h) She talks as if she (read) --- of university. (i) They talked as though they (to be) --- afraid of. (j) I behaved as if I (tell) --- it. Dc‡ii 10wU Rule (31-40) Gi Av‡jv‡K wb‡P 5wU Passage Exercise †`Lv‡bv nj|


Struggle, to have, see, care, defeat, lead, make All men are not equally well-off. This scenery of the state (a) --- in

the society. The poor people always wish saying that if they had much wealth, they (b) --- life happily. The rich get more. People become thirsty as if they (c) ---- nothing. The rich never think about (e) --- for the poor, So, there is a conflict between them. It is as if people enjoyed (e) --- one another.

37. To be, form, go, lead, to have, maintain, do

A proverb goes on that a man without an aim is a ship without a rudder. Similarly a man without an aim must (a) --- to dust. Manners and customs of a nation (b) --- if they have an aim. A man can (c) --- his life with an aim. So, very man should (d) --- particular aim. If we are accustomed to (e) --- an aim and do accordingly, we are sure to reach our destination.

38. To be, keep, improve, take, lag, segregregate, make

The very conspicuous change in our society is the presence of working women. Now the y are very keen on (a) ---- themselves more and more. They behave as if they (b) --- from the society for many years. They think that they should not (c) --- behind. Some of them (d) --- very faster than men. Men also are giving up (e) --- the women lag behind,

39. Investment in education for girls (a) --- useless has become in most of the families in Bangladesh. But actually it returns



development in all other sectors, we should insist on (b) ---- more on girls, education, If they get education, they (c) --- contribute more to the nation. Failure to educate girls results in a tremendous waste of potential human resources, So, we can (d) --- the girls. If we do so, we (e) --- our destination by 2021.

40. Bangladesh is a darling child of nature. None of us (a) --- against it. Nature has adorned her with unique beauty. Dozens of historical sights (b) --- more on girls, education. If they get educated, they (c) --- contribute more to the nation. Failure to educate girls results in a tremendous waste of potential human resources. So, we can (d) ---- the girls. If we do so, we (e) --- our developed ourselves by 2021.

STEP-9 Rule-41: If, Had, In case BZ¨vw` Øviv MwVZ conditional sentence-G GK cv‡k

present indefinite n‡j Ab¨ cv‡k will, shall n‡e, Avi past indefinite n‡j would n‡e; past perfect n‡j would have n‡e|

Structure: 1. If+ present+ may / might + etc. (1) AvKv‡k †gN _vK‡j e„wó n‡Z cv‡i|

If there is cloud in the sky, it may rain (2) hw` wkgy c‡o Zvn‡j †m cvk Ki‡Z cv‡i| If shimo reads, she may pass. 2. If + Past Indefinite + Past Conditional (Subject +

would/ might/ could + verb (1) + etc. (1) hw` †m AvmZ Zvn‡j Avwg hvBZvg| If he came, I would go. (2) covïbv Ki‡j †m cvk KiZ| If he studied, he would pass. (3) Avgvi UvKv _vK‡j GB eB Lvbv wK‡Z cviZvg| If I had money, I could buy this book. (2) If + past perfect + Past perfect conditional (subject+

would have/ could have/ might have + bracket Gi verb wUi past participle form).

(1) hw` Avgvi cÖPzi UvKv _vKZ Z‡e Avwg GKUv evwo wKbZvg| If I had got/ had much money/ a lot of money, I

would have bought a big house. (2) hw` RvbZvg †m Avm‡ebv Z‡e Avwg Zv‡K mvnvh¨ KiZvgbv|

If I had known that he would not come, I would not have helped him.

(3) `ywU clause Gi g‡a¨ †hwU‡Z If + subject + were _v‡K AciwU (principles clause) Subject Gi c‡i might + would/ could e‡m | Ges bracket Gi wµqvi present from e‡m|

N. B. might/ could/ would Gi cwie‡Z© might have/ would have/ could have + bracket Gi verbwUi past participle emv‡bv †h‡Z cv‡i| ‡hgbt

(1) Avwg w` Zzwg nZvg Z‡e Zv‡K we‡q KiZvg| If I were you, I would not marry her.

(2) Avwg hw` cvwL nBZvg Zvn‡j AvK‡k DoZvg| If I were a bird, I would have flown in the sky.

Example: (a) If he works hard, he (shine) --- in life. Ans: If he works hard, he will shine in life. (b) If you run in the rain, you (catch) ---cold. Ans: If you run in the rain, you will catch cold. (c) If he came, I (go) ---. Ans: If he came, I would go. (d) If I had a typewriter, I (type) --- myself, Ans: If I had a typewriter, I would type myself, (e) If I had seen him, I (tell) --- him the matter. Ans: If I had seen him, I would have told him the matter.


(a) If I were a king, I (help) --- the poor. (b) If I were you, I (not do) --- this. (c) Had I been a king, I (help) --- the poor. (d) Had I possessed vast property, I (establish) --- a college. (e) If you had started earlier, you (catch) --- bus. (f) In case you come, I (go) ---. (g) I will not go out if it (rain) ---. (h) I would help him if he (want) ----. (i) If I were a bird, I (fly) ---. (j) If I got lottery of 40 lacs, I (help) --- the poor. Rule-42: Can, could, may, might, shall, should, will, would BZ¨vw` modal auxiliary Gi c‡i verb Gi base form n‡e| Example: (a) You may (come) ---- tomorrow. Ans: You may come tomorrow. (b) can (do) --- the work. Ans: I can do the work. (c) One should (take) --- care of one’s health. Ans: One should take care of one’s health. (d) It may (rain) ---- today. Ans: It may rain today. (e) He could (do) --- the sum. Ans: He could do the sum.

Exercise for practice (a) It might Ito be) --- wrong. (b) He may (to come) ---- here.

(c) I may (to meet) --- you. (d) You can (to write) --- the paragraph. (e) They could (to maintain) ---- their family. (f) We should (to obey) --- our parents. (g) The man would (to help) ---- you. (h) I can (to teach) ---- grammar. (i) The boys might (escape) --- their faults. (j) I may (to help) --- you. Rule-43: Information, scenery, machinery, advice, furniture, news,

wages, poetry, issue, brick, hair, alphabet, luggage, politics, the United States of America BZ¨vw` k‡ãi †Kvb Plural iƒc †bB| ZvB G‡`i c‡i verb Gi singular form nq|

Example: (a) The scenery of Cox’s Bazar (to be) --- charming. Ans: The scenery of Cox’s Bazar is charming. (b) The wages of sin (to be) ---- death. Ans: The wages of sin is death (c) The news (come) --- through newspaper. Ans: The news comes through newspaper. (d) The poetry (grow) --- inquisitiveness to know the nightingle

world. Ans: The poetry grows inquisitiveness to know the nightingle

world (e) The United States of America (dominate) ---- other countries in

the world. Ans: The United States of America dominates other countries in

the world. Exercise for practice

(a) Information (store) --- in computer in English safely. (b) The machinery (to be) --- essential to a factory. (c) Advice (to be) --- better than gossip. (d) Furniture (increase) --- the beauty of house. (e) Ill news (run) --- apace. (f) The wages of a sinner (cause) --- death. (g) Poetry (give) --- us the identity of a poet. (h) The alphabet (symbolise) ---- one’s culture. (i) His luggage (to) --- light. (j) Ethics (teach) ---- us morality. Rule-44: mvaviYZ `ywU wfbœ ai‡bi Noun ‘And’ w`‡q hy³ K‡i ev‡K¨ Subject Gi

RvqMvq em‡j Ges GKwU gvÎ Abyf~wZ ev fvev_© cÖKvk Ki‡j Zv‡K Parcel subject e‡j| G‡`i ci verb singular form –G nq|

Example: (a) Time and tide (wait) --- for none. Ans: Time and tide waits for none. (b) Rice and curry (be) --- our nitty and gritty food. Ans: Rice and curry is our nitty and gritty food. (c) Weal and woe (come) --- by turn. Ans: Weal and woe comes by turn. (d) Tea and coffee (be) --- my favorite drink. Ans: Tea and coffee is my favorite drink. (e) Time and tide (to wait) --- for none. Ans: Time and tide waits for none.

Exercise for practice (a) Honesty and integrity (be) --- necessary in our life. (b) Success and victory never (come) --- over night. (c) Death and final sleep (touch) --- everyone. (d) Ups and downs (run) ---- side by side. (e) Knowledge and talent (be) --- present in him. (f) Bread and butter (to be) – his only food. (g) Honour and glory (to be) – his reward. (to (h) My friend and benefactor (to have) --- come. (i) Two and two (to be) --- four. Rule-45: mvaviYZ `ywU †Rvo msL¨v ‘and’ Øviv hy³ n‡q ev‡K¨ subject wn‡m‡e em‡j

verb singular nq Ges we‡Rvo-we‡Rvo wKs †Rvo-we‡Rvo Subject wn‡m‡e ‘and’ Øviv hy³ n‡j verb plural n‡e|

Example: (a) Two and two (make) --- four. Ans: Two and two makes four. (b) Two and three (make) --- five. Ans: Two and three make five. (c) Three and five (form) --- eight. Ans: Three and five form eight. (d) Four and four (make) --- eight. Ans: Four and four makes eight. (e) Four and six (from) --- ten. Ans: Four and six from ten.


(a) Four and four (be) --- eight. (b) Five and five (make) --- ten. (c) One-two (figure) --- three. (d) Ten and three (be) --- thirteen. (e) Eight and eight (be) --- sixteen. Dc‡ii 5wU Rule (41-45) Gi Av‡jv‡K wb‡P 5wU Passage Exercise †`Lv‡bv nj|

Passage Exercise Step-9



41. Feel, work, be, change, get, help, develop

Had I been rich I (a) ---- the poor. I may (b) --- their conditions. They might (c) --- happy getting their rights. The politics of the developing areas (d) --- not helpful for the poor. If the poor works hard, they (e) --- their luck.

42. Come, seem, help, meet, assist, meet, work

In case you come, I (a) --- you. If you don’t come, I (b) --- for. So, it is a must for you to (c) ---. You (d) --- me in the college campus. Your issue seems to be difficult. I (e) --- you if you meet me in time.

43. Make, built, imitate, be, know, make

We (a) --- that two and two (be) --- four. But five and six (c) --- eleven. If it is even number plus even number, its verb (d) ---- rule of plural number. This information (e) ---- very important for us to know.

44. If you read attentively, you (a) --- in the examination, You may (b) ---- that there is no alternative to reading properly. If you follow this, you (c) --- in life. If you don’t follow this , you (d) --- in life. You (e) ---- a long way by completing you student life properly.

45. His advice (a) --- very effective. You (b) --- his advice. If you work according to his advice, you (c) --- successful in life. His information about your career (d) --- to be perfect. You (e) --- in life if you work as per his instructions.

STEP-10

Rule-46: 1 jehy³ fMœvsk ev‡K¨ Subject wn‡m‡e eëüZ n‡j verb singular form n‡e Ges 1 e¨ZxZ Ab¨ digit je n‡j verb plural form n‡e| Example: (a) One-third of the mangoes (have) --- been eaten. Ans: One-third of the mangoes has been eaten. (b) Two-thirds of the students (have) --- come. Ans: Two-thirds of the students have come. (c) One-third of the students (be) --- given the prize. Ans: One-third of the students is given the prize. (d) Two-fourths of the people (to be) --- poor. Ans: Two-fourths of the people are poor. (e) Three-fourths of the people (be) --- joined the function. Ans: Three-fourths of the people have joined the function.


(a) One-fourth of the pupils (have) --- crossed the pass-level. (b) Two-thirds of the women (have) --- not imposed their voting

power. (c) Three-fifths of the males (be) --- in support of new laws. (d) One-third of the MP’s (be) --- going to resign now. (e) One-tenth of the teachers (have) --- agreed to the new proposal set

up by the principal. Rule-47: ‘as if’ ‡Kvb ev‡Kï Conjunction wn‡m‡e eën«Z n‡j Ges Zv hw` ev‡K¨ †Kvb Am¤¢e Kíbv cÖKvg K‡i Zv‡K, ZLb wØZxq ev‡Kï subject Gi ci ‘were’ e‡m| Example: (a) He speaks as if he (to be) --- mad. Ans: He speaks as if he were mad. (b) He acts as though he (to be) --- a king. Ans: He acts as though he were a king. (c) She walks as if she (be) --- an elephant. Ans: She walks as if she were an elephant (d) She looks as if she (be) --- a moon. Ans: She looks as if she were a moon. (e) The prince roared as if he (be) --- a tiger. Ans: The prince roared as if he were a tiger.


(a) We speak as if we (to be) --- princes. (b) They act as if they (to be) --- mad. (c) You behave as if you (to be) --- an angel. (d) She laughs as if she (be) --- a spite. (e) The bird talks as if it (be) --- a man. Rule-48: Point of time (wbw`©ó mgq) eySv‡j since Ges period of time (Awbw`©ó mgq) eySv‡j for e‡m| G‡¶‡Î Present perfect continuous tense n‡e| Example: (a) He (read) --- the book for two hours. Ans: He has reading the book for two hours. (b) It (rain) --- since morning. Ans: It has been raining since morning. (c) I (play) --- for an hour. Ans: I have been playing for an hour. (d) The man (suffer) --- from fever for 7 days. Ans: The man has been suffering from fever for 7 days. (e) It (rain) --- for two hours. Ans: It has been raining for two hours.

Exercise for practice (a) She (practise) --- dancing for two days. (b) You (read) --- this novel for seven days.

(c) I (suffer) --- from common cold since Monday last. (d) They (play) --- cricket for five hours. (e) I (write) --- this grammar book for one month. (f) He (do) --- the work for 3 days. Rule-49: What, how, when, where, whose, whom, who, why BZ¨vw`

Interrogative sentence-G tense Abyhvqx auxiliary verb subject Gi c~‡e© em‡e|

Example: (a) Where you (go) --- yesterday? Ans: Where did you go yesterday? (b) What (to be) --- the different religions in Bangladesh? Ans: What are the different religions in Bangladesh? (c) What you (want) ---? Ans: What do you want? (d) How he (come) --- here yesterday? Ans: How did he come here yesterday? (e) Why you (like) --- traveling? Ans: Why do you like traveling?


(a) What they (want) --- yesterday? (b) Why you (go) --- there recently? (c) Why he (scold) ---- you every day? (d) Where you (live) ---? (e) When she (come) --- tomorrow? Rule-50: All Gi c‡i Plural verb e‡m wKš‘ cÖev` ev‡K¨ ev Proverbial word

Gi c‡i verb singular nq| Example: (a) All men (to be) --- present. Ans: All men were present. (b) All that glitters (to be) --- not gold. Ans: All that glitters is not gold. (c) All boys (work) --- together. Ans: All boys work together. (d) All (face) --- their own fate. Ans: All face their own fate. (e) All (be) --- bound to serve over duty. Ans: All are bound to serve over duty.

Exercise for practice (a) All’s well that (end) --- well. (b) All his hopes (to be) --- ended in smoke. (c) All his efforts (to be) --- nipped in the (d) All people (to have) --- some duties. (e) All students (learn) --- their lessons.

STEP-11

Rule-51: Complex sentence Gi Subordinate clause wU‡Z hw` than, as .....as, as to, more than BZ¨vw` conjunction _v‡K Zvn‡j Principal clause past tense n‡jI Subordinate clause wU †h †Kvb tense Gi n‡Z cv‡i|

Example: (a) Mr Helal, Our English teacher, loved me more than he (love) ---

other students Ans: Mr Helal, Our English teacher, loved me more than he

loves/loved other students (b) Shahin was as intelligent as his sister (to be) ---. Ans: Shahin was as intelligent as his sister was/is. (c) You were as to your brother (to be) --- Ans: You were as to your brother is/ was. (d) He worked her than he (think) ---. Ans: He worked her than he thinks/ thought. (e) Insan is as popular as Mr Shamim (be) ---. Ans: Insan is as popular as Mr Shamim is.

Exercise for practice (a) Miss Nazneen taught us English well more than her sister (do) ---. (b) You asked me that you (help) ---- me. (c) He treated as good he (to be) ---. (d) Try to do as to I (say) ---. (e) He did the best than Mr Mafiz (do) ---. Rule-52: Many Gi cieZ©x manGi c~‡e© a _vK‡j verb singular n‡e Avi many

Gi c~‡e© a em‡j cieZ©x noun I verb plural n‡e| Example: (a) Many a man (to be) --- present in the party . Ans: Many a man was present in the party . (b) A great many books (to be) --- bought yesterday. Ans: A great many books were bought yesterday. (c) Many a boy (come) --- to me for help. Ans: Many a boy comes to me for help. (d) A great many people (to be) --- present in the meeting. Ans: A great many people were present in the meeting. (e) Many a man (get) --- the prize of the flattery. Ans: Many a man gets the prize of the flattery.

Exercise for practice (a) Many a girl (wear) --- sari in our village. (b) Many a country (to be) --- prospering day by day.



(c) A great many districts (to be) --- under water. (d) A great many colleges (to be) --- of Intermediate. (e) A great many rules (to have) --- been included in this amendment. Rule-53: Relative pronoun who/ which/ that Gi ci k~b¨ ’vb †`qv _vK‡j be

verb wU relative pronoun Gi antecedent (A_©vr c~e©eZ©x noun/ pronoun) Gi person I number Ges sequence of tense Abymv‡i n‡e|

Structure: It is + Pronoun/ person + whom hy³ evK¨vsk| (1) AvwgB Bs‡iRx wkL‡ZwQ| It is I who am learning English. (2) mvw`qv-B GKwU my›ì Qwe AvuwKqv‡Q| It is Sadiya who has drown a nice picture. Example: (a) It is I who (be) --- present in the class. Ans: It is I who am/ was/ will be present in the class. (b) The students who (be) – absent yesterday must stand up. Ans: The students who were absent yesterday must stand up. (c) It is you who (be) --- their teacher. Ans: It is you who are their teacher. (d) This is the book which (be) --- an effective grammar. Ans: This is the book which is an effective grammar. (e) This is the house that (to be) --- once a storied house. Ans: This is the house that was once a storied house.


(a) It is I who (to be) --- responsible. (b) It was you who call) --- me a fool. (c) It is my father wwho never (scold) --- me. (d) It is integrity which (to be) --- more than honesty. (e) This is the shirt that (cost) ---- me TK.1000.

Rule-54: ev‡Kï Subject hw` wbw®Œq nq Zvn‡j Passive voice nq|

Example: (a) The work can be (do) --- within a month. Ans: The work can be done within a month. (b) The book must (finish) ---- immediately. Ans: The book must be finished immediately. (c) The letter (write) --- for an hour. Ans: The letter has been written for an hour. (d) The voice (hear) --- at midnight. Ans: The voice was heard at midnight. (e) The table (remove) --- at night. Ans: The table was removed at night.


(a) The paragraph (memories) --- by the students. (b) The grammar book (write) --- in both English and Bangla. (c) The novel (buy) --- by Tk.100. (d) Honesty (form) ---- in a man.

(e) The task should be (finish) --- in time. Rule-55: wbb¥wjwLZ verb+ noun/ pronoun Gi ci k~Y¨¯’v‡b verb †Ìqv _vK‡j

Zv infinitive (s + v + n/p + infinitive) n‡e|

Example: (a) Mother asked me (go) --- to bed. Ans: Mother asked me to go to bed. (b) He helped me (do) --- it. Ans: He helped me to do/do it. (help verb Gi c‡i bare infinitive-I n‡Z cv‡i) (c) My father advised me (read) --- regularly. Ans: My father advised me to read regularly. (d) He requested you (cut) ---- the budget. Ans: He requested you to cut the budget. (e) None should (teach) --- to follow him/ her. Ans: None should teach to follow him/ her.

Exercise for practice (a) I allowed you (come) --- in. (b) They convinced him (take) --- the book. (c) We encouraged the student (study) --- in communicative way. (d) I forced him(do) --- the work. (e) He reminds me (offer) --- the best service. Dc‡ii 5wU Rule (51-55) Gi Av‡jv‡K wb‡P 5wU Passage Exercise †`Lv‡bv nj|


Be, help, study, be, want, read, does He studies more seriously than Nayan (a) ---. But Nayan is a

intelligent as he (b) --. It is Nayan, who (c) --- always present in the class. Books (d) --- properly by Nayan. He wants Nayan to (e) --- him in different issues studies.

52. Buy, read, inspire, convince, be, bought, benefit

They convinced me to (a) --- the book. The book (b) --- by me at taka 200. It is they, who (c) --- me to read the book. They are more encouraging in reading books than I (d) ---. It is I, who (e) --- by reading this book.

53. Has, write, be, write, help, is

The book (a) --- by Mr Nayan Roy. He is more active than Mr B.C. Roy (b) ---. It is N. Roy, who (c) --- correct English. He (d) --- other writers to do/ do their writings properly. The book is more important than that one (e) ---.

54. Father asked me to (a) ---- to college. Going to college is more important than staying at home (b) ---. My father advised me to (c) --- his orders. It is I, who (d) --- to follow his orders always. But as I am not well today, I fail to follow his orders. But he (e) --- by it. After knowing my illness, he has become normal.

55. It is honesty which (a) --- important for us to be followed. Honesty is more necessary than anything (b) ---. My father advises me to (c) --- honesty. But (d) --- by us in our society. Many a man (e) --- to be honesty, but circumstances don’t help them to be honest. It is very sad for us.

STEP-12

Rule-56: Gerund, infinitive A_ev verbal noun Gi ci verb singular n‡e| †hgbt

(1) GwU fvlv †kLv gv‡b GKwU RvwZ‡K Rq Kiv To learn a language is to win a nation. (2) Kw¤úDUvi Ges B›Uvi‡bU eªvDwRs G `¶ n‡Z| To be exepert in computer technology/ Internet browsing (3) D”P wk¶v MÖn‡Yi †¶‡Î| To take higher education. Example: (a) (walk) --- in the morning is a good exercise. Ans: To walk/ walking in the morning is a good exercise. (b) (take) --- physical exercise helps one to be fit. Ans: To take/taking physical exercise helps one to be fit. (c) (eat) --- balanced diet is health rule. Ans: Eating balanced diet is health rule. (d) The reading of newspaper --- us a lot to learn more. Ans: The reading of newspaper helps us a lot to learn more. (e) Swimming is the best practice to keep body ---. Ans: Swimming is the best practice to keep body fit.


(a) (destroy) --- trees cause natural disasters. (b) (copy) --- in the examination is bad for the nation. (c) (Laugh) --- loudly diereses. heat-attack. (d) (write) --- regularly helps one to do writing legible. (e) (say) ---- prayer is good for getting happiness. Rule-57: Ask, demand, desire, insist, prefer, ignore, propose, request,

suggest, urge BZ¨vw` present tense G _vK‡j Ges G`‡i c‡i that _vK‡j complement wUi g~j verb Gi present form nq|

Example: (a) I request that the matter (be) --- secret. Ans: I request that the matter be secret. (b) She ignored the suggestion that she (get) --- more exercise. Ans: She ignored the suggestion that she get more exercise. (c) He proposes me that we always (remove) --- disputes. Ans: He proposes me that we always remove disputes. (d) He urges me that we (not barging) ---. Ans: He urges me that we do not bargain. (e) None suggests that the process (be) --- wrong. Ans: None suggests that the process is wrong.


(a) I demanded that he (give) --- me a car. (b) My father desired that I (get) --- first class. (c) I insisted that he (transfer) --- to Chittagong. (d) I preferred that he (come) --- to me. (e) They proposed that we(call) --- a meeting. (f) She requested that I (reach) --- there in time. (g) We urged that the rates (be) --- reduced. (h) My teacher suggested that I (read) --- regularly. Rule-58: Principal clause Gi verbwU hw` present/ Future tense Gi nq, Z‡e

Subordinate clause Gi verb ‡h †Kvb form n‡Z cv‡i|

Example:

(a) Mina says/ will say that she (go) --- back to market.



Ans: Mina says/ will say that she goes back to market.

(b) Luna says that she (study) --- law.

Ans: Luna says that she will study law.

(c) They will say that none (defeat) --- him.

Ans: They will say that none defeats him.

(d) I say to him that we (settle) --- the disputes.

Ans: I say to him that we will settle the disputes.

(e) Many said to me that time and tide (wait) --- for none.

Ans: Many said to me that time and tide waits for none.


(a) You say that I (help) ---- her.

(b) They will say that I (go) --- there.

(c) She says that I (become) --- perfect.

(d) Limon says that he (study) --- English.

(e) The students say that they (do) --- gardening.

Rule-59: ‘And’ Øviv hy³ `ywU clause Gi verb GKB tense Gi n‡e| G‡K

parallelism e‡j|

Example:

(a) He went to market and (buy) --- a new shirt.

Ans: He went to market and bought a new shirt.

(b) He was (sing) ---. (dance) --- and (enjoy) ---.

Ans: He was singing, dancing and enjoy.

(c) She has gone and (lock) ---- the door.

Ans: She has gone and locked the door.

(d) He laughs and (speak) --- and (cry) ---.

Ans: He laughs and speaks and cries.

(e) You should write, (read) ---- and (memorize) ---.

Ans: You should write, read and memorize.


(a) They came to us and (want) --- help from me.

(b) She left the house and (die) --- on street.

(c) We should hard and (win) ---the victory

(d) I liked traveling and (pay) a visit.

(e) The students were eager and they (do) --- the gardening.

Rule-60: Main clause Gi verb wU past tense Gi n‡j Ges c‡ii As‡k next Gi

c‡i day, week, month, year cÖf„wZi D‡j−L _vK‡i D³ As‡k would

e‡m Ges eªv‡K‡Ui verb wUi present form nq|

Example:

(a) He said that (buy) --- a computer the next day.

Ans: He said that would buy a computer the next day.

(b) I told them that I (go) --- there.

Ans: I told them that I would go there.

(c) He said that he would (do) --- better.

Ans: He said that he would do better.

(d) I told him that they would (resign) --- next day.

Ans: I told him that they would resign next day.

(e) You proposed that we would (get) --- over the problem.

Ans: You proposed that we would get over the problem.


(a) She assured that she (help) --- me.

(b) We talked that we (solve) --- the problem.

(c) He discussed that he (take) --- it.

(d) We said that we (d) --- the work.

(e) I said that I (make) --- a plan.

Dc‡ii 10wU Rule (51-60) Gi Av‡jv‡K wb‡P 5wU Passage Exercise †`Lv‡bv nj|


To be, look, love, wish, do, feel, take

My mother loved me more than other (a) --- me. Many a man (b) --- care of me but it is my mother who (c) --- after me very much. All the household chores (d) --- by her. But her contribution (e) --- not valued as it should be done have.

57. Get, go, come, neglect, go, manage, build

Noor asked me to (a) --- to bed early. But I always ignored (b) --- to bed early. If I sleep early, I (c) --- time for physical exercise. Anyway, I (d) --- my physical exercise. den hesitate (e) ---.

58. To be, buy, wait, transfer, waited, go

My younger breathe said that he (a) --- a computer. He (b) --- for me and then (c) --- to market. He insisted that he (d) --- to Chittagong. I request that the matter (e) --- secret.

59. The work can be (a) --- within a month. My instructor forced me to (b) – the work in time. (e) --- instructions, he went away. I requested him that he should (d) --- me some more time . He said that he (e) --- any more time.

60. My mother loves me very much. One day she said that she (a) --- a severe pain in her stomach. I (b) --- her to doctor and (c) --- it with him. (d) ---- to doctor I was informed that she (e) --- immediate operation.

As soon ---- As Gi eënvi ‡h‡Z---------- bv †h‡Z ‡`L‡Z---------- bv ‡`L‡Z ‡cŠuwQ‡Z -----------bv †cŠuwQ‡Z ‡L‡Z --------- bv †L‡Z ‡kl n‡Z ------------- bv n‡Z-B Avm‡Z bv ------- Avm‡ZB BZ¨vw` eySv‡j wb‡b¥i wbq‡g Abyev` Ki‡Z nq|

Structure: As soon as + Past tense + Past time Or past Tens + as soon as + Past time---- Note: As soon as Øviv hy³ `y‡Uv Clause B Past Indefinite Tense nq Avgiv K‡j‡R †cŠuQ‡Z bv †cŠuQ‡Z B N›Uv evRv‡jv| As soon as e reached the college, the bell rang. wk¶K †kªYx K‡¶ cÖ‡ek Ki‡Z bv Ki‡ZB QvÎiv D‡V `vuovj| As soon as the teacher entered the classroom, the students stood up. As soon as the hunter aimed at the dove, it flew away. As soon as the terrorist saw the RAB, he fled away. The game started as soon as we arrived at the play ground.

Exercise Suffer Render Kill Come Bring Have try

In the spring of 1945, the Second World War (a) --- to an end. The war had (b) --- great misery to the whole world. Millions of People (c) --- and wounded. They included men, women and children. Millions of people (d) --- homeless and (e) --- from poverty, hunger and disease.

Ans: (a) came (b) brought (c) were killed (d) rendered (e) suffered. e½vbyev`t 1945 mv‡ji kir FZz‡Z wØZxq wek¦hy× †kl n‡q AvmwQj| GB hy× mgMÖ

c„w_exevmx‡ì Rb¨ `y ©kvi KviY n‡qwQj| jvL jvL gvbyl M„nnxb n‡qwQj Ges `vwi`ªZv, ¶zav I †iv‡M fywM‡ZwQj|

Walk Get Run Reach Sit Buy Open

Last Friday I went to the Zoo with some of my friends. We (a) --- there before the gate (b) ---. Then we (c) --- some tickets and entered the zoo. While we (d) ---, I saw my friend Raihan (e) --- towards us.

Ans: (a) reached (b) was opened (c) bought (d) were walking (e) running. ev½vbyev`t MZ ïµevi Avwg Avgvi wKQy eÜy‡ì mv‡_ wPwoqvLvbv wM‡qwQjvg| Avgiv cÖavb

ìRv Lyjvi Av‡MB †mLv‡b †cŠu‡QwQjvg| Zvici Avgiv wKQy wU‡KU wKbjvg Ges wPwoqvLvbvi †fZ‡i cÖ‡ek Kijvg| hLb Avgiv nvuUwQjvg, ZLb Avwg Avgvi eÜz ivqnvb‡K Avgv‡ì w`‡K †`Šu‡o Avm‡Z †`Ljvg|

I do not know anything. But I have to

know, so I am learning. Sadequl Islam. Exercise for practice

1. The moon (shine) at night.2.Flowers (be) gift of nature.3. It (dew) in winter4.The rich (be) not always happy.5.The virtuous (be) blessed.6.The pious (be) happy.7.Ice (float) on water .8. He (carry) an umbrella daily.9.What you (do) now? 1o.Why Mr.Peter(look) so



angry?11.You (watch) television often? 12. He usually (go) to school by bus. But today he (go) by train.13.Size do not matter (chop) wood .14.The baby (cry) because it is hungry now.15.What you (go) to drinknow? 16. He (return) home just now.17.The play just (began).18.he not yet (finish) 19.I just (have) a snack.20.Have you ever (be) to Cox’s Bazar? 21. Why she (look) so nervous? 22. My brother just (move) to new place.23.I can not help (listen) t them.24.You (see) her latly.25.I have a boy (come) from the orpahnage.26.We are none of us (get) any younger? 27. I do not mind (have) asparagus.28.I saw him (go) to the town.29I.I answered (thank) her.30.The old sailor went away (leave) the marriage guest.31.They just (reach) the play ground.32.What you generally (do) for a living? 33. Sumon just (get) his revenge.34.I just (receive) my father’s letter.35.The tree not (bear) any fruit yet.36.He recently (return) home from abroad.37.I found the boy (sleep) on the bed.38.They saw the drunken porter (lie) on the floor.39.It many years since they first (meet) .40.Ten years have passed since he (come) here.41.It was long since I (see) her last.42.Eight years have passed since Jerry (come) 43.They (play) football since morning.44.Their family (live) in Dhaka for the last five years.45.I not (choose) my career yet.46.I (see) her long since.47.Last night I (have) a wonderful dream .48.He (go) ten minutes ago.49.Lucy (break) her leg in a car accident last year.50. We (be) in Dhaka since last week.51.The boy (suffer) from fever for five days.52.It is high time he (leave) home 53.It is high time we (start) the work.54.It high time they (earn) their livelihood.55.He talks as though he (to be) a king.56.I wish I (to be) a philosopher like socrates.57.Nimmi wishes she (to be) a millionaire.58.Sumi runs fast as if she (to be) mad.59.I wish I (sing) .60.She proceeded as though I not (speak) .61.He tells the matter as if he (know) it.62.I fancy I (turn) a trifle pale.63.The door was (open) by a Christian.64.Jim was greatly (hug) by Della.65.When was the book(buy)?.66. The beggar went away(cry) .67.The children came to us (run).68.He looked at his mother (smile) 69.They (sail) away to the south until they arrived in cold grey sea.70.Della (save) every penny she could.71.Today she (weight) twenty one stone .72.Fifty miles (be) a long way.73.why (be) you not with her?.74.It (be) like hime.75. His eyes (be) fixed upon Della.76.Jim’s income(be) shrunk to twenty dollars.77.The head master and the secretary (be) present in the meeting yesterday.78.When you (come) last night ?.79. Why he (go) to market yesterday? 80. Where they (see) him last week. ? 81. It is high time we (start) for the station.82. If I were a bird, I (fly) in the sky.83.would that I could (enter) the room .84.The principal desired the notice to be (hang) 85. I went outside the cabin having (forget) him.86.If I (be) you; I would not have done this.87.It is high time we (change) our eating habit.88.If I (see) him ,I would have given him the news.89.If you wanted , I (help) you .90.If I see him ,I (tell) him the matter . 91. If he comes, I (go) .92. If someone had not mentioned her name, I hardly think I (recognize) her.93.Had you told me; I (bring) a mule.94.Had the Queen of Sheba lived across the airshaft. Della (let) her hair hang out.95. Had King Solomon been the janitor, Jim (pull) out his watch.96.Had you brought me here yesterday, I (fee) differently .97.If he ran fast, he (get) the prize.98.I f he reads more, he (pass) the exam.99.Arabic is (speak) in Arab countries .100. If I (try), I might have succeeded .1o1. Many a boy (be) present in the meeting .102.If you play in the rain, you (catch) cold.103.Fahim(play)for two hours. 104.The principal wants the building (paint).105.the porter found the words (inscribe) on the door. 106.she normally (take)her breakfast at 7a.m.107.I want the work (do)by him.108.the bus (leave)before I reached the station .109.we started after the train(start).110.Rome was not(build)in aday.111.one should not say anything without(know).112.I did not get used to (write)on this rough paper .113.would you mind (open)the door. 114.He insisted on my (go)to college . 115.The headmaster prevented the boy from(tell)lies.116.He is capable of (do)the work.117.we never planned of (go)there before.118.Ruman went to new market with a view to (buy )a shirt.119.They are bent upon(do)the work .120.Rupak decided that he (appear)at the H.s.c Examination the next year.121.Shamim said that he already (finish) reading the book.122.Anik said that he (go) home next week .123.You had better (to go)home.124.let him(to do)the work.125.I would rather (to die)than((to beg)126.The writer dared not (to drive) at night.127.The man was (hang) for marder.128.How long you (wait)for me?129.The agenda (be)carefully set.130.I asked what his name (be)131.The prime minister as well as the other members of the cabinet.(be)present.132.He did nothing but (sing)all the day.133.they appear as though they just (arrive)from a distant land.134.The patriot looks forward to (receive) his reward from God.135.while(walk)on the road , a plane flew over us.136.while they (play),the rain came.127.He worked hard lest he(fail)in the examination .138.He started saving mony lest he (fall)into trouble .139.I got the work (do)140.Each boy

(be)present in the meeting yesterday .141.the quality of the mangoes (be) good.142.A string of pearls (be) less bright than her teeth.143.the students in the class room (be)polite.144. Ten maunds(be)a heavy weight .145.the united states of America (be)a resourceful country.146.There(stand) a big tree in front of our college.147.there (be)many tress in front of our college.148.Many years (passed) since his mother died .149.It was long since we (see)her last.150.He (go)home last night.151.I recently (get)the news of his getting married.152.It is who (be)to blame.153.To tell a lie (be)a great sin.154.the principal and the secretary (be)present in the meeting.155.The virtuous (be) always happy.156.A good boy always (learn)his lessons.157Either he or his brother(be)guilty of murder.158.He is not well nor (be)his younger brother.159.slow and steady(win)the race.160.Why Mrs. Karim (look)so angry?161.you ever(be) to Dhaka.162.I saw him (dance) in the room.163.It is high time we(change) our eating habit.164.He speaks as if he (know)everything.165.One of the students(be)responsible for this.166.I wish I (be)a great king.167.If he (work) hard, he will shine in life.168.If you worked hard ,you (pass).169. Would that I (sing) a song! 170. Sixty miles (be) – a long distance. 171.I had my room (clean) yesterday. 172.I (read) English for three days. 173.That house (build) many years ago. 174.The number of the students (be) satisfactory. 175. Each of the girls (have) got a prize. 176. We are used to (eat) rice three times a day. 177. The sun (set). we went out for a walk. 178. If only I (be) a millionaire! 179. I watched him (go) to market. 180. Rahim along with his friends (have) done this social work. 181.He hoped that he (get) the first prize. 182. What you (like) to eat now? 183.The new newspaper is worth (read). 184. Two and two (make) four. 185. We (fly) to Chittagong next month. 185. The students came to the class after the teacher (leave). 186. Health should be (take) care of. 187. The book you (give) me yesterday is very interesting. 188. It is kind of you (help) me. 189. We ran fast lest we (miss) the train. 190. No sooner (see) we the boy than he left the place. 191. She speaks English well, (don’t) she? 192. My father said that honesty never (go) unrewarded. 193. We usually (have) our lunch at 1.30. 194. We (go) to start a business soon. 195. When the phone rang, he (run) to answer it. 196. You (see) her Jerry, lately? 197. Hardly he (hear) the news when he burst into tears. 198. I went back to work I (close) the door. 199. A soft wind came and (blow) the ship back to harbour. 200. Rome was not (build) in a day. 201. Many a student (do) his lesson regularly. 202. The Arabian Nights (be) an interesting book. 203. It was long since we (see) her last. 204. I recently (get) the news of his getting married. 205. To tell a lie (be) a great sin. 206. The virtuous (be) always happy. 207. Either he or his brother (be) guilty of murder. 208. Slow and steady (win) the race. 209. You ever (be) to Dhaka? 210. It is high time we (change) our eating habit. 211. One of the students (be) responsible for this. 212. If he (work) hard, he will shine in life. 213. If you had studied sincerely, you (pass) the Exam. 214. I went to college with a view to (meet) my best teacher. 215. While (walk) in the street, I saw an old beggar. 216. If I were there, I (not support) you. 217. I (eat) when the telephone rang. 218.Bread and butter (be) my favorite food. 219. Three-fourths of the players (be) present. 220. I cannot help (laugh). 221. You had better (go) home. 222.He came and (conquer) the neighboring countries. 223. He speaks as though he (know) every thing. 224. I cannot but (help) the poor. 225. He said that he (go) to Dhaka the next day. 226. I am not in the habit of (tell) lies. 227. It is you who (be) to blame. 228. Have you ever (see) this beautiful scene. 229. You (watch) television often? 230. The patient had left the hospital before the doctor (come). 231. (Feel) unwell, I went to bed. 232. Would you mind (open) the door? 233. The bag was too heavy for her (carry). 234. I feel like (cry) when I saw the sight. 235. I prefer reading to (write). 236. I look forward to (see) you very soon. 237. What you (do) next year? 238. I (live) here since yesterday evening. 239. I got the work (do) by him. 240. Have you finished (read) the book? 241. I must not condemn her without (know). 242. Mina enjoys (read) short stories in English. 243. Had I seen him, I (talk) to him. 244. It started (rain) as soon as we went out. 245.It started (rain) as soon as we went out. 246. Neither the moon nor the stars (be) visible in the sky. 247. We ever think of (go) to Isreal. 248. They had better (to leave) the place now. 249 , It (be) a hot day. we remained in the tent. 250. Easier (say) than done. Complete the passage with suitable verbs from the list. Put them in

the correct tense. Use the negatives where necessary

1. need Learn Go Do Modify Revise design Communicative competence in English is urgently (a) --- in our

country. The present world (b) --- fast and developing by leaps and bounds. In order to keep pace with the present world, we



cannot help (c) --- English, but the present system of teaching and learning English is not up to the mark. The textbooks (d) --- for the classes XI-XII have to (e) – and made updated.

Ans: (a) to be modified (b) is going (c) learning (d) designed (e) be revised.

ev½vbyev` t Avgv‡ì †`‡k Bs‡iwR‡Z †hvMv‡hv‡Mi Rb¨ `¶Zv evov‡bv LyeB Ri“wi| eZ©gvb

c„w_ex A‡bK MwZxj Ges w`b w`b DbœwZ Ki‡Q| eZ©gvb we‡k¦ kvwš— eRvq ivL‡ZI Avgiv Bs‡iwR bv wk‡L cvwo bv| wKš‘ eZ©gvb c×wZ‡Z Bs‡iwR wk¶v`vb Ges wkLb c×wZ gvbvbmB bq| GKv`k Øv`k †kªYx‡Z †h †evW© eB Zv bZzb Avw½‡K Z_¨mg„× Kiv ìKvi|

2. Take Pray Offer Remain Keep Do publish With extreme competition every where parents are constantly

worried about the results. This is a common sight during the S.S.C Examination in thousands of families. Special prayers (a) ---- in families having such an examinee. Parents (b) --- special care of their children. They make sure that their wars get along with studies without the slightest of problems even without mosquito bites. Parents shuttle to mazars and temples and (c) --- for the examinees. Sometimes they give cash money and kinds for their wards. Parents of an examinee usually (d) --- worried until the result (e) ---.

Ans: (a) are offered (b) take (c) pray (d) remain (e) is published. ev½vbyev` t Zxeª cÖwZ‡hvwMZvi mv‡_ AwffveKMY AcwieZ©bxqfv‡e djvdj wb‡q DwØMœ| Gm,

Gm, wm cix¶vq GwU nvRv‡v cwiev‡i GKwU mvaviY `„k¨| GKRb cix¶v_x© cwiev‡i we‡kl Avkxe©v`cÖvß nq| AwffveKMY Zv‡ì mš—vb‡ì we‡kl hZœ †bq| Zviv wbwðZ K‡i †h †jLv covq †hb we› ygvÎ mgm¨v bv nq, GgbwK gkvi KvgoI †hb bv †L‡Z nq| wcZv gvZvMY gvRv‡i Ges gw›`‡i wM‡q cix¶v_©xi Rb¨ cÖv_©bv K‡i| KLbI KLbI Zviv bM` UvKv Ges †`vqv †`q Zv‡ì cvnvivi Rb¨GKRb cix¶_©xi evev gv hZ¶Y ch©š— cix¶vi djvdj cÖKvwkZ bv nq ZZ¶Y ch©š— DwØMb _v‡K|

3. Be Fight Regain Brood Try Inspire help Robert Bruce was the king of Scotland. Once he (a) --- with the

British forces and lost his kingdom to England. He fought several times with the British forces to (b) --- his country but failed. One day, he sat in a lonely cave (c) --- over his sad lot. Suddenly he caught sight of a spider. It was (d) --- to reach the ceiling. But each time it tried, it tried, it dropped. After six attempts it became successful. This perseverance of the spider (e) --- Bruce of fight again with British and this time be was able to free his country from the enemy.

Ans: (a) fought (b) regain (c) brooding (d) trying (e) inspired. ev½vbyev` t ievU© eª“k wQ‡jb ¯‹Uj¨v‡Ûi ivRv| GK`v †m weªwUk ˆmb¨‡ì wei“‡× jovB K‡iwQj

Ges Bsj¨v‡Ûi Kv‡Q Zvi mvgªvR¨ nvwi‡qwQ‡jb| Zvi †`k‡K wbivc` ivL‡Z †m weªwUk ˆmb¨‡ì wei“‡× K‡qKevi hy× K‡iwQ‡jb| wKš‘ e¨_© n‡qwQ‡jb| GK`v †m GKwU gvKomvi `„k¨ †`L‡jb| GUv Qv‡ìi w`‡K DVevi †Póv KiwQj| wKš‘ †hKeviB †m †Póv Kij †m c‡i †Mj| lôev‡ii mgq †m mvdj¨ †cj| gvKomvi GB âh© B eª“k‡K cybivq weªwUk‡ì mv‡_ hy× Ki‡Z AbycÖvwYZ K‡iwQj Ges GB evi †m †`k‡K kÎ“ gy³ Ki‡Z m¶g n‡qwQ‡jb|

4. Say Be Provide Face Participate enrich Human life (a) --- not static but dynamic. A man cannot reach the

highest peak of success if he (b) --- in extra co-curricular activities. Traveling is also an important part of co-curricular activates. It is traveling which (c) --- our knowledge, experience and promotes our attitudes. Therefore, traveling (d) us with knowledge and practical experience. It can be clearly (e) --- that our knowledge can be mobilized by traveling the different corners of the vast globe.

Ans: (a) is (b) does not participate (c) enriches/ can enrich (d) provides (e) said.

ev½vbyev` t gvbe Rxeb wbðj bq eis MwZkxj| GKRb gvbyl mdjZvi wkL‡i †cuŠQ‡Z cv‡i bv

hw` bv †m AwZwi³ mnKvh©µ‡g Ask †bq| ågY mnKvh©µ‡gi GKwU ¸iZ¡c~Y© Ask| ågYB cv‡i Avgv‡ì Ávb I AwfÁZv‡K mg„× Ki‡Z Ges Avgv‡ì `„wófw½‡K cÖmvwiZ Ki‡Z| myZivs ågY Avgv‡ì Ávb Ges ev¯—e AwfÁZv mieivn K‡i| GUv wbtm‡›`‡n ejv †h‡Z cv‡i †h, wekvj we‡k¦i wewfbœ RvqMvq åg‡Yi gva¨‡g Avgv‡ì Ávb MwZkxj n‡Z cv‡i|

6. do get beg want write receive choose I (a) --- your letter just now. You (b) --- to know where I (c) ---

myself admitted and which subjects I (d) ---. I am now (e) --- everything in detail.

Ans: (a) have received (b) have wanted (c) shall get (d) have chosen (e) writing.

ev½vbyev` t

GB gvÎ †Zvgvi wPwV †c‡qwQ| Zzwg Rvb‡Z †P‡qQ Avwg †Kv_vq fwZ© ne Ges †Kvb †Kvb welq Avwg cQ›` K‡iwQ| Avwg GLb Avwg GLb we¯—vwiZ wjLwQ|

5. Do Have Imagine learn Get Go be dear Farah, It seems hard to believe that I (a) ---- in Savar for a whole month

now! I promised to write and tell you how I was going on so here (b) ---! When I first got here, I just (c) --- used to the slow pace of life! Now, though, I (d) ---- to take things easy and I’m beginning to really feel at home. You can’t (e) --- how beautiful the University campus is. It’s very large, very green, and probably the best campus in the country. It is simply wonderful. It’s all up today.

Ans: (a) have ben (b) learning (c) had got/ got (d) have (e) imagine. ev½vbyev` t wcÖq dvivn, GUv wek¦vm Ki‡Z Kó n‡jI Avwg mvfv‡i cy‡iv gvmB AvwQ! Avwg †Zvgvi mv‡_

cÖwZÁv KiwQ Ges †Zgvq ej‡ZwQ Avwg GLv‡b wKfv‡e Avmjvg Ges wkL‡ZwQ| hLb Avwg GLv‡b cÖ_g G‡mwQjvg ZLb GLb ¯í myL Abyfe K‡iwQ| GLb GLv‡b mg¯— wRwbm eySevi ci GLv‡b Avgvi evwoi gZ g‡b nq| Zzwg ¯‡cœI fve‡Z cvi‡ebv wek¦we`¨vjq GjvKv KZ my›ì! GUv Lye eo, Lye meyR Ges †`‡ki me‡P‡q fv‡jv wek¦we`¨vjq PZ¡i| GUv Avðh©RbK| GLb mewKQyB wVK Av‡Q|

7. find look feel hear be return send Gafur was sitting thoughtfully on the verada. Mahedh (a) ---

anywhere since yesterday. Gafur was very weak again. So Amina (b) --- in search of him since morning. She (c) home at about sun-set and said, “You (d) --- father? Manik Ghosh’s men (e)--- Mahesh to the police station.

Ans: (a) has not been found (b) has been (c) returned (d) have not heard (e) have sent.

ev½vbyev` t Mdzi wPš—vgMœ Ae¯’vq eviv›`vq `vwo‡qwQ| MZKvj †_‡K g‡nk‡K †Kv_vI cvIqv

hvw”Qj bv| Mdzi cybivq A‡bK †f‡½ c‡iwQ| ZvB mKvj †_‡K Zv‡K LyR‡ZwQ| †m (Avwgbv) m~h©vv‡¯—i mgq wd‡i G‡m ejj, ÒZzwg ïbwb eve? gvwbK †Nv‡li †jv‡Kiv g‡nk‡K †Lvqv‡i cvwV‡q‡Q|Ó

8. happen lie put pick see be get While I was walking along the road the other day. (a) --- to notice

a small brown leather bag (b) – on the pavement. It (c) --- it up and opened it (d) --- if I could find out the owner’s name. There (e) --- nothing inside it except some small changes and a rather old photograph.

Ans: (a) happened (b) lying (c) picked (d) to see (e) was. ev½vbyev` t

†Kvb GKw`b hLb Avwg iv¯—v w`‡q nvUuwQjvg, Avwg j¶¨ Kijvg GKwU †QvU a~mi Pvgovi _‡j iv¯—vi Dci c‡o Av‡Q| Avwg GUv ZzjjAg Ges †`Lvi Rb¨ Lyjjvg , hw` GUvi gvwj‡Ki bvg cvIqv hvq| GUvi wfZ‡i wKQy cyivZb d‡UvMÖvd Qvov Avi wKQyB wQj bv|

9. get hit damage submerge uproot cyclone disrupt A severe cyclone (a) --- the coastal areas of Bangladesh last night.

It (b) --- accompanied with tidal surge. The offshore islands (c) --- by tiday surge. Trees were (d) --- and crops (e) ---.

Ans: (a) Hit (b) was (c) were submerged (d) uprooted (e) were damaged.

ev½vbyev` t MZKvj iv‡Z evsjv‡`‡ki DcK~jxq AÂj¸‡jv‡Z GK fqven N~wY©So AvNvZ nv‡b|

GUv mshyZ wQj R‡jv”Q¡vm mv‡_ wb‡q| ˆmK‡Zi wcQ‡b ØxccyÄ¸‡jv R‡jv”Q¡v‡mi Øviv Aa© wbgw¾ wQj| MvQcvjv Dc‡o wM‡qwQj Ges km¨ ¶‡Z ¶wZMÖ — n‡qwQj|

10. Adopt preserve damage neglect recognise bless seen Though Bangladesh is a small country. She (a) --- with three

world Heritage Sites. We are proud of them. The World Heritage Sites (b) --- by the UNESCO. But these sites (c) --- day by day. For centuries these sites (d) ---. It is happy and good news that positive neasures (e) --- by the UNESCO.

Ans: (a) is blessed (b) are preserved (c) are being damaged (d) have been. Neglected (e) are adopted.

ev½vbyev` t hwÌ evsjv‡`k GKwU †QvUª †`k| GwU wZb wZbwU wek¦ bw›`Z „k¨ Øiv gwÛZ| wek¦

bw›`Z RvqMv¸‡jv BD‡b‡¯‹v KZ…©K msiw¶Z nq| wKš‘ Gme RvqMv¸‡jv w`‡bi ci `wb ¶wZMÖ — n‡”Q| G kZvãx¸‡jv‡Z G¸‡jv Ae‡nwjZ n‡q‡Q| GUv ïf msev` †h, KZ¸‡jv Kj¨vYKi Kvh©vewj BD‡b‡¯‹v nv‡Z wb‡q‡Q|

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