Rift Valley Water for Health Organization Adminstrators Courtney Cochran Sarah Rein Martha Ries...
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Transcript of Rift Valley Water for Health Organization Adminstrators Courtney Cochran Sarah Rein Martha Ries...
Rift Valley Water for Health Organization
AdminstratorsCourtney Cochran Sarah ReinMartha Ries Lauren Shellito
RVWAHORVWAHO
WE ARE RIFT VALLEY WATER FOR HEALTH
Subsidiary of Kenya Water for Health
Focus: Achieving clean, sustainable water for the Rift Valley of Kenya.
Community BuildingCollaboration with other
actors in this sector.
http://www.eoearth.org/article/Water_profile_of_Kenya
HEALTH ISSUES RELATED TO WATER SANITATION AND HYGIENE
Diseases related to water and hygiene
These diseases are constant threats to human well-being
Drought further worsens the use of bad water http://kenyaphotos.files.wordpress.com/2008/12/
dsc03595kp111.jpg
WATER IN KENYA
There are many issues impacting water.
Averages rainfall of 322 billion cubic meters/year
Recent droughts and water shortages.
Water’s key useshttp://beta.thehindu.com/multimedia/dynamic/00003/TH09_OPED_PIC_KENYA_3540f.jpg
POLLUTION
The surface water within the Rift Valley Province
This area is made up of volcanic rock causing varying levels of acidity in many water sources
Overall meaning these factors pose to our organization
Government Actions
Have instituted privatization Means the government not
responsible for water managementOutside contractsOther option is state created firms that ideally create revenue
This institution has failed.
RELEVANCE OF THE RIFT VALLEY
One of the more prosperous areas of Kenya
Kenya has seen steady increases in population of 2.6% as seen in 2006. This further
stresses resources
http://visionforkenya.org/work.html
THE PEOPLE OF THE RIFT VALLEY
Migration to this area creates a very diverse group of people.
Yet the Rift Valley Province is largely home to 5 ethnic groups.
Differences vs. Similarities
http://www.kenya-advisor.com/kenya-map.html
ETHNIC CONFLICT
Water must be split between the needs of the crops, livestock, and the people.
Political conflict between the Kalenjin tribes and the Kikuyu
Pastoralism: means of economic livelihood
Loss of livestock within a tribe’s herd Because of this…
ETHNIC CONFLICT
PROBLEMS OUR ORGANIZATION FACES
Preferential Treatment TrustLiability
Differences in cultural impacts
POLICY INTRODUCTION
With this knowledge we’ve designed three possible policies to implement most effectively in the Rift Valley Province.A water hygiene education programA water filter installation programAnd a social business venture with Nestlé
Beginning water sanitation awareness from an early age
Compliment to health curriculum already in schools
INTRODUCTION
http://www.bodwell.edu/rafiki/4%20Games%20with%20kids%20at%20orphanage.JPG
Three major thrusts to avoid waterborne illnesses and sanitation issues facing the Kenyan community1. Waterborne illness
module2. Safe water habits3. Solar Disinfection
(SODIS) Water Disinfection
PROGRAM BASICS
http://wellwaterproject.com/children-dirty-water.jpg
Stage 1Diseases Covered: Cholera, E-Coli, MalariaCholera and E-Coli are both bacteria inactivated by the SODIS methodMalaria can be stemmed via better hygiene and wariness of stagnant or dangerous water sourcesAll diseases that have high youth impact
PROGRAM BASICS
Stage 2Safe Water Hygiene Habits Two cup method for getting water from wellsAvoiding stagnant water sources
PROGRAM BASICS
Stage 3SODIS (Solar Disinfection) Method Bottles provided to students at the completion of the courseProvides a concrete, point of use method students will introduce to their families with immediate impactStorage methods taught along with SODIS
PROGRAM BASICS
Large, transparent PET (Polyethylene terepthalate) bottles no more than two liters in size
Fill to ¾ of bottle, shake for 20 seconds
Left in direct sunlight for six hours; indirect sunlight calls for 48 hours before consumption
Heat and light deactivate microorganisms
Inexpensive point of use method
SODIS
solarcooking.org/images/scr/jul05/photox.jpg
Concerns about SODISContamination by toxins in plastic via re-use of PET bottlesAnitmonyAdipates and phthalates
BenefitsInexpensiveSimpleEffective
SODIS
http://farm4.static.flickr.com/3095/2681146435_d4a646bc5a.jpg
Appropriate audience: majority of water borne illness deaths are children.
Prevalence of youth in overall Kenyan population: median age of 18
Students are prime change agents; easily adapt new behaviors and encourage others
COST/BENEFIT ANALYSIS
Personnel: paying $3,000 to $5,000 we would employ 100 to 125 staff, using about $500,000 of $1.5 million budget
Bottles: at $.50 per bottle, we would place 1.5 million in homes in the region, using $750,000
Remaining $250,000 used for printing and miscellaneous expenses
Manpower
WHAT IS THE BIOSAND WATER FILTER?
A system that creates safe drinking water for millions of people
Low-tech process using sand filtrationReduces the leading causes of death and
disease by removing parasites, bacteria & viruses
Removes about 99% of organic contaminantsCan nourish a family of up to 12 people and
can produce up to 12 gallons of water per hour
SLOW VS. RAPID SAND FILTRATION
Biosand Water Filter, also known as Slow Sand Filter due to biological activity
Rapid Sand Filtration does not contain biological activityNot as effective as Slow Sand Filtration
PROCEDURE
Water is poured into the top of the filter - a diffuser plate is placed on top of the sand bed
The water weaves through the sand bed and gathers in a pipe at the base of the filter
Water is driven through plastic piping and out of the filter for collection
PROCESS OF REMOVING CONTAMINANTS
Mechanical Trapping
Adsorption or Attachment
Predation
Natural Death
COST / BENEFITS
$10-30 US for each unit range including installation
Filter operations are negligible
About $51,000 to build filters for 20,000 people in 1 year / $500,000 to build filters for 200,000 people in 10 years
Hire 30-35 RVWAHO staff members at a salary of $3,000 - $5,000 dollars per year for training
Removes 98.5% bacteria and 100% of parasites
Resilient; quality of water improves over time
High filtration rate of up to 12 gallons per hour
Generated from local materials
opportunities for local residents & businesses
easy to maintainPolitical conflicts are not
an issue - family oriented
Uses the efficiency and innovation of the private sector to reach a social goal.Non-loss non-dividend enterprise
Developed by noble peace prize recipient Muhammad YunisYunis created the first multinational social business in a joint venture with Danone Group which brought nutritional yogurt to the poor in Bangledesh.
BACKGROUND: WHAT IS A SOCIAL BUSINESS?
Nestlé is one of the world’s biggest bottled water makers
Improves brand awareness in Kenya
Corporate responsibilitySocial value of the program“Water has long been a major concern for
Nestlé as it cuts across each stage of our value chain and have for many years been investing in solutions for the future.”
WHY NESTLÉ?
$3 million joint venture$1.5 million from Nestlé
Business combines the expertise of both organizations
Start in the Njoro Watershed (200,000 people)
Mid-sized bottled water factory in Nakuru district (capital of the Rift Valley Province)
Small low-cost facilities in rural areas
BUSINESS OVERVIEW RVWAHO-NESTLÉ
Operates on aquifer in lower zone, serving Nakuru
Biggest profit generatorOnly facility that bottles water to sell at
local retail outletsDistributes water to wealthier urban
families at a higher costVendors sell water in poor neighborhoods
and slums at low cost
MID-SIZED FACILITY
Low-tech, low-cost facilities that purifies water at the community’s sourcePossibly using low-cost reverse osmosis, UV treatment, or chemical treatment depending on the needs and infrastructure of the individual communities
Sell water at the gates of the facility Each facility is community operated
RURAL FACILITIES
DISTRIBUTION AND PRICING
Photo: http://www.acumenfund.org/investment/waterhealth-international.html
• Assume people need 5 liters of water per day.• Rural areas-poorest: Sh.8 ($.01) per 5 liters• Urban slums: Sh2 per 5 liters (higher to account for distribution costs)• Daily delivery Sh4 per liter per day or Sh2000 per month (30 liters/day)• Bottled water: market price (about Sh40 per liter).
CostsRisk- potential for
failureInstability in the
region further enhances the potential for failureToo much too soon?
BenefitsSustainablePotential for
expansion- we have the ability to reach the most people.
Ability to combine the expertise of Nestlé and RVWAHO
Residual effect on communities
COST/BENEFIT ANALYSIS
Addresses a population without real power to change household practices
SODIS MethodReach as Point-of-Use methodLongevity and Sustainability
Cultural RestrictionsPastoralist Kalenjin culture has lacks consistent effective location for SODIS versus Kikuyu
Special attention to fair and consistent allocation of program resources
FLAWS IN KWIC WATER COURSE
•No guarantee Biosand Water Filter is entirely effective•Hidden costs in each filter will strain budget & decrease our reach• Inconvenience • Slow water flow•Drought
FLAWS IN BIOSAND WATER FILTER
Year 1: Establish first rural facility concurrently with mid-sized facility
Year 3: Access and ensure stability of the business, double amount of rural facilities, hire and train new CEO
Year 4: Hire new leadership team, have an established rural facility in every Njoro Watershed village
Year 5: Every person in Njoro watershed has access to clean water; business is beginning to see profit
IMPLEMENTATION
Year 6: Begin investing profit into expansion to another Rift Valley Watershed
Year 8: Second watershed is completely servedYear 10: Nestlé’s Initial $1.5 million investment is
paid off and reinvested; 3 million people in the Rift Valley have access to quality, affordable drinking water.
IMPLEMENTATION
Item CostLower Zone Water Purification Facility
$62,500
10,000 water bottles $1,0005 water trucks $150,000Best case rural facility $5,000Worst case rural facility $15,000Total estimated start-up cost for Lower Zone facility and two rural facilities
$167,500
START UP COST
Representatives from Nestlé and RVWAHO initially serve as leaders to ensure stability
Hire a CEO after the business is stableNew CEO then hires a leadership team and
RVWAHO-Nestlé operates as its own entityLeaders from Nestlé and RVWAHO serve in advisory positions as board members
MANAGEMENT STRUCTURE
Ethnic tensions Employees sign “Equality Contract” strong focus on communication and keeping everyone on
the same teamConflict
Expect it, keep significant surplus for unsteady timesLack of plentiful aquifer in Njoro Watershed
Build an even larger main facility in another, more plentiful Rift Valley watershed—increase start-up costs, but ensure a viable facility
Recontamination Sell safe, sanitary containers for people to store and carry
their water Encourage use by giving a discount on water
POTENTIAL PROBLEMS
Growing infrastructure provides increasing access to water and employment for Kenyans
Future profit, after full expansion throughout the Rift Valley, could advance other water and sanitation initiativesPlumbing
Spreading Program outside Rift Valley, and into bordering nations
EXTENDED OUTLOOK