Richard I, John and the loss of France
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Transcript of Richard I, John and the loss of France
RICHARD I IN FRANCE
Fighting For His Territory
12TH CENTURY FRANCE
RICHARD’S METHODS
Diplomacy
War
Good preparation
Skilled tactician
Charismatic leader
Momentum
Generally thought to be winning in Normandy
before his untimely death
Rebellions in Aquitaine more problematic
PREPARATIONS
Built stronger fortifications along Norman Marches
Gave Marcher lordships to men he trusted
1195: whilst discussing
peace had large army land at
Barfleur 28th August
Re-conquering Vexin required: Secure base – built Chateau
Gaillard in 2 years from 1195
Weakening Phillip II’s position:
took his most important allies (diplomacy)
INITIAL SUCCESS – SKILLED TACTICIAN
Richard made massive gains in Normandy But still not got the Vexin So war was not over – especially as
Richard now feeling MUCH stronger
Spring 1196 Richard summoned sister-in-law, Constance of Brittany to court Richard wanted her son, Arthur (9), heir to Brittany Control of Brittany required control of Arthur
Constance Normandy Kidnapped by new husband's men Bretons swapped allegiance to Phillip II
Richard attacked and won BUT Arthur smuggled to Phillip II in Paris And is was Arthur he wanted
DIPLOMACY – FLANDERS
Flanders = allied to Phillip II
North & east of Phillip’s lands
Port of Boulogne
Access to key trading towns: Bruges, Ghent, Lille
Richard used Artois to divide Baldwin IX and Phillip II
Phillip II had taken Artois 1192
Still in dispute
Richard promised Baldwin: End English trade embargo with Flanders
Give him large sum money
1197 signed formal treaty
DIPLOMACY – TOULOUSE
Count Raymond V died
Richard made generous gesture to new
count, Raymond VI Renounced his claim on Toulouse
Gave back all disputed territory
Offered sister Joan in marriage
Dowry = country of Argen
Would give Toulouse uninterrupted trade links
through Bordeaux, up to Channel
DIPLOMACY – RESULTS
Deprived Phillip II of 2 key allies
Richard I safer in south Also had alliance with Navarre – marriage
Phillip II vulnerable to attack from Flanders Two prong attack on Phillip II in Normandy from Artois
(Baldwin) and Berry (Richard I)
Baldwin – great victory; Phillip II surrendered
16 month truce made
But Richard still wanted Vexin …
MOMENTUM
Success barons re-thinking loyalties Barons of Champagne, Brittany, Count Renaud of
Boulogne
So many defections to Richard I shows: Military strength
Financial strength
Phillip II got Lord Aimar of Limoges and Count Ademar of Angoulême to defect to him
JOHN’S FRENCH INHERITANCE
RICHARD HAD CONTROL RICHARD HAD ALLIANCES WITH
Normandy Except Vexin, Gisors castle
Strengthened – Chateau Gaillard, Marcher lordships
Brittany Except its heir, Arthur
Count of Boulogne
St. Omer (in Artois)
Area surrounding Gisors, including fortresses nearby
Berry, Anjou
Loches – Touraine
Much of Aquitaine – though still rebellions occurring – Limoges, Angoulême
Flanders
Toulouse
Navarre
Holy Roman Empire
(nephew Otto now
emperor)
Barons of Champagne