BAGIAN PERENCANAAN RICE RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT

PRIORITIES OF INDONESIA FOR THE NEXT DECADE

Dr. Haryono

Director General

Indonesian Agency for Agriculture Research and Development

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Outline

• RICE SITUATION IN INDONESIA I

• INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH COLLABORATION II

• BIOSCIENCE AND BIOENGINEERING III • NANO TECHNOLOGY IV • ADAPTATION AND MITIGATION OF CLIMATE CHANGE V

VI ● AGRICULTURAL MECHANIZATION

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Rice Situation in Indonesia

Populations (millions), 2013 248,8

Annual growth population in last 10 years (%) 1.49

Annual rice consumption (kg/capita/year) 139

Area harvested rice (million hectares), 2014 13.8

Average rice yield (t/ha milled rice), 2014 5.15

Total rice production (million tons), 2014 70.61

Total rice area (million hectares) 8.15

Rice ecosystem (%, million hectares):

Irrigated (58.7) 4.785

Rainfed (27.2) 2.215

Flood prone (8.8) 0.715

Upland (5.3) 0.433

International Research Collaboration

High economic values : (impact recognition)

Support national agricultural development

High scientific values: (scientific recognition)

Mastery of Science and Technology

Emerging technology and new promising varieties with high competitiveness

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PRIORITY RESEARCH COLLABORATION: Strategy (innovation) Narrowing the Food Gap

Currently

Food supply at BAU conditions

Food supply when the level of production can be increased

Food demand

2. Increase productivity

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3. Reduce the demand for food

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1. Avoid loss of production capacity

1

Tota

l Fo

od

4. High technology

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Food supply if demand can be reduced, the production can be increased through the use of optimization of the LSO and the application of high technology (biotechnology, irradiation, biodiversity, and precision farming)

PRIORITY Cooperation

Food supply when crop

failures could be avoided

1. Intended to answer strategic issues and problems of short-term and long-term agricultural development

2. Characteristically "upstream" or "downstream" to support the strategic program of IAARD and Ministry of Agriculture

3. Priority to advanced research or diffusion research involving various areas of expertise

4. Directed to solving the problem promoting cross cutting issues and or specific problems

5. Involves the participation of various R & D institutions (University/ Institute of Research Ministry) in quarto helix system (academia, government, private sector, farmers/communities)

6. Basic output or immediate output: invention, agricultural innovation, operational policy recommendations, Patents, Intellectual Property and Scientific Writing

DIRECTION OF RESEARCH COLLABORATION

Priority Topics International Research Cooperation

• Adaptive research: bioindustry, post harvest,

integrated farming, climate change adaptation and

mitigation

• High tech research: bio science (biotechnology and

bioengineering), nanotehnology for seed and

fertilizer, mechanization, and IT application

• Public Policy: simulation model

PRIORITY RESEARCH

1. Bioscience and Bioengineering

2. Nano technology in agriculture

3. Application of nuclear technology in agriculture

4. Adaptation and mitigation of climate change

5. Agricultural mechanization

6. Application of information technology in

agricultural sector

7. Public policy for agricultural sector

1. Bioscience and Bioengineering

A. Improvement of new varieties

B. Genome Research

• Target genes for specific environments

• Increasing capacity of researchers

• Rice yield in Indonesia: 5.15 t/ha (2014);

• Current crop management technology exploits 50-80% of the

yield potential

• Goal: increase yield by 5%/yr = 200 kg/ha/yr

Year

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

Yie

ld g

row

th r

ate

(kg

ha

-1yr-1

)

-100

-50

0

50

100

150

200

250

China

Indonesia

Vietnam

India

Philippines

A. Improvement new varieties

Technologies for short-term impact (1-5 years)

• 10 to >20% increase in yield potential through hybrid rice

need large heterosis/yield advantage, seed availability

and other issues (BPH, lodging, quality,..)

• Quality seed and new lines for 5-10% increase in yield

potential of inbred rice

• Close yield gaps:

– Germplasm with improved abiotic and biotic stress tolerance

– Flexible, regional & local solutions for integrated crop

management

• Reduce harvest and post-harvest losses

• Capacity building and improved local access to new

technologies and information

Hybrid rice

• Target domain: irrigated and favorable rainfed lowland

rice areas with transplanting

• Key activities for Indonesia:

– Germplasm, scientist and information exchange

– Joint development and testing of parental lines/hybrids

– Meet the local market requirement for grain quality

– Improve disease and insect resistances

– High seed production yield

– Provide lines to seed producers

Improved inbred rice

• Target domain: irrigated and rainfed lowland rice

areas

• Improved inbred lines

– Increased yield potential

– Grain quality

– Pest resistance

– Submergence tolerance

– Drought tolerance

– Salinity tolerance

– Fe toxicity tolerance

Direct row-seeding • Target domain: irrigated lowland

rice areas (with labor shortages)

• Theoretical yield advantage if done at low seed rates with precise field management

• Modified drum seeder

• ICRR - AIATs plan: – Assess attainable yield

– Demonstrations with farmers’ groups on direct seeding and weed management in Java, South Sulawesi and tidal areas (pasang surut) of South Sumatra

• Evaluate more broadly

Technologies with potential future impact

(5-10 years)

• Rice lines with improved pest resistance

• Biofortified rice

• Drought-tolerant rice

• Heat-tolerant rice

• Aerobic rice

• Enhanced biological control of insects

Heat tolerant rice

• Target domain: irrigated lowland rice

• Reduce yield losses due to spikelet sterility

(flowering) or high night T during grain filling

– Rice varieties that are more tolerant to high T at

flowering - shed pollen during early morning when it is

cooler (likely)

– Rice varieties that have lower maintenance respiration

rates and/or do not mature faster under warm

conditions (uncertain)

• Moleculer research in ICRR

– DNA finger printing of germ plasm, elite lines, released

variety, and hybrid parents

– MAS for BPH and BLB resistance (under Rice Research

Consortium)

• Mas program in ICRR

– Initial activity for MAS for Dro1 gene and Fe toxicity

tolerance

• Proposed MAS Program in ICRR for 2016

– Abiotic: Sub1, Saltol, Snorkle, Dro1

– Biotic: BPH, BLB, Sheat Blight

MAS Rice Research in ICRR of IAARD

B. Genome and Molecular Rice Research

in ICABIOGRAD of IAARD

• SNP Analysis of reference genotypes

• Development of high yield and very early

maturing variety

Working Group

Nano-hormones

and vaccines

Nano-seed

Nano-fertilizer

Nano-pesticide

Nano-biodegrad-

able packaging

Nano-food (functional,

quality, security) & nutraceu-

ticals

Nano-device,

sensor & materials

Feed & livestock nutrition

Corporate

Program

2. Nano technology in agriculture

Nanotechnology Research Network, IAARD

Stakeholders:

Directorate

Generals

Society, Small and

Medium Enterprises,

Industry

AIATs

NANO CENTER

IAARD

LIPI, BPPT, BATAN,

IPB, ITB, UGM,

Private R & D,

relevant agencies

International Institutions: Asia Nano Forum

Kyoto University (JPN) Queensland University (AUS)

Purdue University (USA)

Dissemination (delivery) Technology

Feedback

Cooperation

NIC

Producers of Technology Dissemination,

Commercialization Users of Technology

National Innovation

Committee (NIC)

Nanotehcnology for seed, fertilizer

• To increase the efficiency of applied fertilizer

with the help of nano clays and zeolites and

restoration of soil fertility by releasing fixed

nutrients

• To germinate seeds under favourable conditions

with nanopolymer coating

SEM TEM XRD

Planetary Ball Milling

nano spray dryer

nanomilling

Ultramicrotome

Ultrafine grinder

High Pressure Homogenizer

Nano-structuring of cellulose fibers from agricultural biomass waste through chemical

and mechanical processes for reinforcement of biodegradable films

1Chaudhry et al. 2008

Rice straw

Lateral: thousands µm

Strength: fragile

Color: Dark brown

Cellulose fibers

Lateral: 5-20 nm

Strengths: steel

Color: white / clear

CELLULOSE FIBER NANO TECHNOLOGY FOR PACKAGING BIODEGRADABLE

Nanoemulsi

Vitamin A Nano-vitamin A

encapsulated

(Nano) iron (Nano) iron

encapsulated

Fortification

Advantage after 30 days of storage:

• Stability of vitamin A and iron 4-5 times better

• Metallic taste in the product is not detected

• Colors remain bright (minimum oxidation)

Example applications in instant

flake cassava products

3. Application of nuclear technology in agriculture

– Mutation induction by iradiation

– Adaptation and mitigation of climate change

4. Technology mitigation and adaptation to climate change

for food crops, horticulture and plantation

– Sustainable Cultivation Technology

5. Mechanization

– Processing technology agricultural waste into bio energy

based bio-refined

– Rice seed processing

6. The application of information technology in the

agricultural sector

– Information technology for mapping the needs of

agricultural machinery in a timely manner and kind to

the district level

7. Public policy for the agricultural sector

– Modeling Agricultural Policy Analysis

– Increasing the capacity of researchers

8. Other priority areas

– Germplasm exchange

Thank you