Rhythmic Percussion Reading Rhythms Playing Percussion.

Rhythmic Rhythmic PercussionPercussion

Reading RhythmsReading Rhythms

Playing PercussionPlaying Percussion

Rhythmic Percussion:Rhythmic Percussion:Types of PercussionTypes of Percussion

Percussion instruments are made up of Percussion instruments are made up of both definite (pitched) and indefinite (non-both definite (pitched) and indefinite (non-pitched) instruments.pitched) instruments.Name some definite pitched instruments.Name some definite pitched instruments.Name some indefinite pitched instruments. Name some indefinite pitched instruments.

Percussion instruments are also classified Percussion instruments are also classified into five smaller categories so that one can into five smaller categories so that one can determine exactly how an instrument determine exactly how an instrument produces sound. produces sound.


Idiophones – produce sound when their Idiophones – produce sound when their bodies are caused to vibrate. bodies are caused to vibrate. Crash CymbalsCrash CymbalsMarimbaMarimbaWood Block Wood Block

Rhythmic Percussion:Rhythmic Percussion:Types of Percussion Types of Percussion

Membranophone – produce sound when Membranophone – produce sound when the membrane is put into motion. the membrane is put into motion. BongosBongosSnare Drum Snare Drum TimpaniTimpani


Chordophone – produce sound when a Chordophone – produce sound when a stretched string vibrates. stretched string vibrates. Hammered DulcimerHammered DulcimerPianoPiano


Aerophone – wind instruments that Aerophone – wind instruments that produce sounds as air vibrates through a produce sounds as air vibrates through a tube. tube. SirenSirenSamba Whistle Samba Whistle


Electrophone – all electrophones require a Electrophone – all electrophones require a loudspeaker; this is sufficient to assign loudspeaker; this is sufficient to assign electrophones to the percussion family.electrophones to the percussion family.Drum MachineDrum MachineRadioRadio

Rhythmic Percussion:Rhythmic Percussion:TermsTerms

Accent – the emphasis placed on a musical Accent – the emphasis placed on a musical sound.sound.

Meter – the aural aspect of music in which a Meter – the aural aspect of music in which a certain number of beats are grouped together.certain number of beats are grouped together.

Measure – the division of beats into defined Measure – the division of beats into defined groups separated by a bar line. groups separated by a bar line.

Time signature – used to specify how many Time signature – used to specify how many beats are in each measure and what note beats are in each measure and what note value constitutes one beat.value constitutes one beat.

Rhythmic Percussion:Rhythmic Percussion:Accent the BeatAccent the Beat

Can you accent some of the beats as you listen to “Melodies of Love” Can you accent some of the beats as you listen to “Melodies of Love” by Joe Sample? by Joe Sample? Perform the following patterns of accented (in Perform the following patterns of accented (in blackblack) and ) and nonaccented beats (in white). Clap on the accented beats and snap your nonaccented beats (in white). Clap on the accented beats and snap your fingers on the others.fingers on the others.

a.a. 11 22 33 44 55 66 77 88

b.b. 11 22 33 44 55 66 77 88

c.c. 11 22 33 44 55 66 77 88

d. d. 11 22 33 44 55 66 77 88CD 3 #12: “Melodies of Love”CD 3 #12: “Melodies of Love”

p. 77p. 77

Rhythmic Percussion:Rhythmic Percussion:Count and Coordinate Rhythmic PatternsCount and Coordinate Rhythmic Patterns

Can you get your right hand, left hand, and right foot to perform Can you get your right hand, left hand, and right foot to perform different rhythms simultaneously? Listen to Marvin Gaye’s “I Heard It different rhythms simultaneously? Listen to Marvin Gaye’s “I Heard It Through the Grapevine” and imitate the skills of a fine trap-set Through the Grapevine” and imitate the skills of a fine trap-set drummer. Follow these three steps:drummer. Follow these three steps:

1.1. Listen to the recording and establish the accent on beat one. Tap this Listen to the recording and establish the accent on beat one. Tap this accent with your right foot every time you hear it.accent with your right foot every time you hear it.

2.2. While your right foot continues to tap on one, use your left hand to tap While your right foot continues to tap on one, use your left hand to tap regular beats of four. Tap these four even beats on your desk. Make regular beats of four. Tap these four even beats on your desk. Make sure you accentuate the first beat.sure you accentuate the first beat.

3.3. Now add your right hand. Use it to sound a beat at double the speed Now add your right hand. Use it to sound a beat at double the speed of your left hand. (You will play eight even beats.) Use your pencil as of your left hand. (You will play eight even beats.) Use your pencil as a drumstick, holding it lightly as you tap these eight beats on your a drumstick, holding it lightly as you tap these eight beats on your desk. In your head, think the eight beats by counting to eight silently desk. In your head, think the eight beats by counting to eight silently as you play. Do not speed up! as you play. Do not speed up!

4.4. Play all three rhythms with the recording.Play all three rhythms with the recording.

CD 2 #4: “I Heard it Through the Grapevine”CD 2 #4: “I Heard it Through the Grapevine”p. 79p. 79

Rhythmic Percussion:Rhythmic Percussion:Metrical Patterns and Melodic RhythmsMetrical Patterns and Melodic Rhythms

Throughout the ages, mathematicians have sought out patterns of Throughout the ages, mathematicians have sought out patterns of numbers. This is because we humans are drawn to patterns and find numbers. This is because we humans are drawn to patterns and find their regularity or repetition comforting. The same is true of musicians their regularity or repetition comforting. The same is true of musicians and the music they create or play. and the music they create or play.

Composers sometimes mix meters to create an interesting rhythmic Composers sometimes mix meters to create an interesting rhythmic organization in their music. This is true of some classical organization in their music. This is true of some classical compositions and of the traditional and popular music associated with compositions and of the traditional and popular music associated with many cultures. Sometimes, two music categories merge. We can see many cultures. Sometimes, two music categories merge. We can see this in the music of Russian classical composer Nicolai Rimsky-this in the music of Russian classical composer Nicolai Rimsky-Korsakov. Many of his pieces, which employ mixed meters, draw on Korsakov. Many of his pieces, which employ mixed meters, draw on the traditional music of his Eastern European homeland.the traditional music of his Eastern European homeland.

Rhythmic Percussion:Rhythmic Percussion:Practice and Determine MeterPractice and Determine Meter

Perform duple and triple meter patterns to determine the meters in Perform duple and triple meter patterns to determine the meters in “Procession of the Nobles” by Nicolai Rimsky-Korsakov.“Procession of the Nobles” by Nicolai Rimsky-Korsakov. As you listen to As you listen to the music, perform these duple- and triple-meter patterns. Clap on the accented the music, perform these duple- and triple-meter patterns. Clap on the accented beat (in beat (in blackblack) and snap your fingers on the others (in white). Note that the ) and snap your fingers on the others (in white). Note that the vertical bars indicate the start of a new measure.vertical bars indicate the start of a new measure.

Count: Count: 1 1 2 | 2 | 1 1 2 | 2 | 1 1 2 2

Count Count 11 2 3 | 2 3 | 11 2 3 | 2 3 | 1 1 2 3 2 3

Show that you can hear the changes in meter. Do this by clapping theShow that you can hear the changes in meter. Do this by clapping theduple and triple meters in “Procession of the Nobles.”duple and triple meters in “Procession of the Nobles.”

CD 3 #13: “Procession of the Nobles”CD 3 #13: “Procession of the Nobles”p. 80p. 80

Rhythmic Percussion:Rhythmic Percussion:How We HearHow We Hear

Rhythmic Percussion:Rhythmic Percussion:Rhythms in Everyday LifeRhythms in Everyday Life

Did you know that rhythms can be sounded out using anything? You Did you know that rhythms can be sounded out using anything? You can use your body – mouth, hands, fingers, or feet – to capture a can use your body – mouth, hands, fingers, or feet – to capture a rhythm. You can also use rhythm. You can also use found instruments found instruments – ordinary objects like – ordinary objects like your pencil, keys, backpack, or desktop.your pencil, keys, backpack, or desktop.

One musical group famous for its use of found instruments is STOMP. One musical group famous for its use of found instruments is STOMP. This modern dance troupe combines exciting choreography with This modern dance troupe combines exciting choreography with rhythms created from everyday objects. In the introduction to the rhythms created from everyday objects. In the introduction to the video video STOMP Out LoudSTOMP Out Loud, founder and dancer Luke Creswell states the , founder and dancer Luke Creswell states the group’s goal: to invite people to “listen to the world in a different way group’s goal: to invite people to “listen to the world in a different way and hear music where maybe they didn’t think there was music and hear music where maybe they didn’t think there was music before.”before.”

Rhythmic Percussion:Rhythmic Percussion:Identify Rhythm Instruments and Perceive Identify Rhythm Instruments and Perceive

Musical EventsMusical Events Use your ears to tell you what ordinary objects are used as rhythm Use your ears to tell you what ordinary objects are used as rhythm

instruments. instruments. Listen to a segment from Listen to a segment from STOMP Out LoudSTOMP Out Loud, and write down the , and write down the sounds you can identify. Then watch the video as the members of STOMP dangle sounds you can identify. Then watch the video as the members of STOMP dangle from rock-climbing harnesses attached to a billboard on the Manhattan skyline. from rock-climbing harnesses attached to a billboard on the Manhattan skyline.

How does the music of STOMP invite you to listen to the world in a different way?How does the music of STOMP invite you to listen to the world in a different way? Would you classify this performance as dance?Would you classify this performance as dance? How is it theatre?How is it theatre?

CD 3 #15: CD 3 #15: STOMP Out LoudSTOMP Out Loudp. 83p. 83

Video, Video, StompStomp

Rhythmic Percussion:Rhythmic Percussion:Bounce, Slap, Dribble, Move!Bounce, Slap, Dribble, Move!

STOMP loves to demonstrate how everyday STOMP loves to demonstrate how everyday rhythms in our lives can have a powerful rhythms in our lives can have a powerful musical effect. A fun way to demonstrate musical effect. A fun way to demonstrate these rhythms is to take an activity like playing these rhythms is to take an activity like playing basketball and show how the basketball itself basketball and show how the basketball itself can become a musical instrument.can become a musical instrument.

Rhythmic Percussion:Rhythmic Percussion:Analyze and Create RhythmsAnalyze and Create Rhythms

Watch STOMP members perform their basketball street-scene Watch STOMP members perform their basketball street-scene rhythms, then create and perform a similar piece. rhythms, then create and perform a similar piece. Try the following:Try the following:

1. 1. As you watch the video, identify the meter of the piece performed by STOMP. As you watch the video, identify the meter of the piece performed by STOMP. How many different ways do they create sounds with basketballs? Use their How many different ways do they create sounds with basketballs? Use their performance as a basis for creating your own basketball rhythms that dance.performance as a basis for creating your own basketball rhythms that dance.

2.2. In sequential order, perform each part below. As you play, listen to MickeyIn sequential order, perform each part below. As you play, listen to MickeyHart’s “Island Groove” to keep the tempo steady.Hart’s “Island Groove” to keep the tempo steady.

1.1.

2.2.

3.3.

4.4.

CD 3 #16: “Island Groove”CD 3 #16: “Island Groove”p. 84p. 84

Rhythmic Percussion:Rhythmic Percussion:Note and Rest ValuesNote and Rest Values

Notes – actual pitches that are heard through the voice Notes – actual pitches that are heard through the voice or an instrument in a specific amount of counts or an instrument in a specific amount of counts (durations)(durations)

Rests – silences between pitches that occur in a Rests – silences between pitches that occur in a specific amount of counts (durations) specific amount of counts (durations)

Whole Note/Rest – 4 beatsWhole Note/Rest – 4 beatsDotted Half Note/Rest – 3 beatsDotted Half Note/Rest – 3 beatsHalf Note/Rest – 2 beatsHalf Note/Rest – 2 beatsDotted Quarter Note/Rest – 1 1/2 beatsDotted Quarter Note/Rest – 1 1/2 beatsQuarter Note/Rest – 1 beatQuarter Note/Rest – 1 beatEighth Note/Rest – 1/2 beatEighth Note/Rest – 1/2 beatSixteenth Note/Rest – 1/4 beatSixteenth Note/Rest – 1/4 beat

Rhythmic Percussion:Rhythmic Percussion:Note and Rest SymbolsNote and Rest Symbols

Rhythmic Percussion:Rhythmic Percussion:Note Value TreeNote Value Tree

Rhythmic Percussion:Rhythmic Percussion:Subdividing NotesSubdividing Notes

•The number plus the and equals ONE FULL beat.

•Therefore, just the number WITHOUT the and will only equal HALF a beat.

Rhythmic Percussion Reading Rhythms Playing Percussion.

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