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RG000004 CDMA1X Traffic
Measurement AnalysisISSUE 2.1
Wireless Case and Training Department
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The network is optimized based on the data of
traffic measurement and driver test. Through
these data, you can learn about the network
performance.
Through the traffic management specifications,
you can judge whether the network optimization is
effective or not.
Carriers pay much attention on the specifications
of traffic measurement specifications. They canlearn about the running status of the network
through the specifications and expand the
network capacity based on the specifications.
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Related Documents
BSC Performance Measurement Point Guide
CDMA 1x Traffic Measurement Analysis Guide
CDMA 1x Traffic Measurement Analysis Guide
V3.0 (CS part)
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Objective
After learning this course, you can know the
following:
Architecture of the traffic measurement
system
Common methods used in traffic
measurement analysis
Common evaluation KPIs
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Chapter 1 Architecture of the Traffic
Measurement System
Chapter 2 Process of Traffic Measurement
Analysis
Chapter 3 Common Evaluation KPIs
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Chapter 1 Architecture of the Traffic Measurement System
Host BAMSenior Network
Management
M2000
Traffic measurement system in database mode
The host sends all performance specification data to the back administration module
(BAM) every 30 minutes.
The BAM performance server module receives and stores performance data.
The BAM provides the performance data according to the requirements of the
M2000.a
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7
For the BSC versions that are later than the C03, the performance measurement of the
BSC supports traffic measurement in database mode.
The host enables all its performance specifications and reports them every 30 minutes to
the BAM.
The BSC backs up and clears performance data.
The performance data can be backed up automatically or manually.
The host clears its buffered data over a certain period.
The BAM clears its buffered data over a month.
Chapter 1 Architecture of the Traffic Measurement System
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8
Organizational model of performance measurement system
Measurement set: To measure the performance, you can
measure the accumulative number of the counter. You can use
several counters to measure a functional item of the system.
Measurement item: Use the measurement items to describe the
relevant events of the system and analysis the measurement
items.
Measurement Object 2
...
Measurement Set
Measurement Object 1
M e a s u r e m e n t i t e m 1
M e a s u r e m e n t i t e m 2
M e a s u r e m e n t i t e m 3
M e a s u r e m e n t i t e m 4
M e a s u r e m e n t i t e m 1
M e a s u r e m e n t i t e m 2
M e a s u r e m e n t i t e m 3
M e a s u r e m e n t i t e m 4
Chapter 1 Architecture of the Traffic Measurement System
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Question
What is the architecture and working principles of the traffic
measurement system?
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Chapter 1 Architecture of the Traffic
Measurement System
Chapter 2 Process of Traffic Measurement
Analysis
Chapter 3 Common Evaluation KPIs
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Chapter 2 Process of Traffic Measurement
Analysis
Section 1 Preparation
Section 2 Analysis Method
Section 3 Other Assistant Methods
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Chapter 2 Process of Traffic Measurement Analysis
Make sure that the base station can work normally and the hardware and antenna
feeder are correctly installed.
Make sure that versions of BSC and BTS and the design of the network are correct
and can match. Before analyzing the traffic, you must be familiar with the changes in
traffic measurement performance of the current versions of BSC and BTS.
Check whether the sensitive radio functions are enabled. The functions such as
loading control, especial handoff parameter and especial channel allocation algorithm
are disabled by default.
Preparation
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Chapter 2 Process of Traffic Measurement
Analysis
Section 1 Preparation
Section 2 Analysis Method
Section 3 Other Assistant Methods
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Analyzing systematically
Check the BSC performance measurement specifications to learn about
the running status of the network, and then analyze the sector
frequency performance statistics.
During the analysis, do not regard one specification to be independent.
One specification can be relevant to many other specifications.
Using exclusion method
Find out the cell where the specifications indicate exceptions. Then,
exclude irrelevant reasons. The exception can be caused by version,
hardware, transmission, antenna feeder, data parameter and so on.
Analyzing macroscopically
When optimizing the network, compare the data after the optimization
with that before the optimization. It can take you a long time to observe
the effects of the optimization.
Analysis method
Chapter 2 Process of Traffic Measurement Analysis
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Chapter 2 Process of Traffic Measurement
Analysis
Section 1 Preparation
Section 2 Analysis Method
Section 3 Other Assistant Methods
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Chapter 2 Process of Traffic Measurement Analysis
Apart from the traffic measure analysis that is an important
part of the network optimization analysis, many other
methods are used.
Traffic
measurement
analysis
Network
optimization
analysis
Other methods
Driver test
Alarm analysis
Interference test
CSL analysis
RFMT analysis
Signalingtracing
Other assistant methods
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Question
In network optimization, why does it take a long time for you
to observe the optimization effects? What are the methods
used in traffic measurement analysis?
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Chapter 1 Architecture of the Traffic
Measurement System
Chapter 2 Process of Traffic Measurement
Analysis
Chapter 3 Common Evaluation KPIs
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Chapter 3 Common Evaluation KPIs
Traffic measurement is an important method used by carriers
to learn about the information about a network. Different
carriers pay attention to different evaluation key performance
indexes (KPIs). The following are the common evaluation KPIs:
Call setup ratio
Call drop ratio
Congestion ratio
Traffic
SHO success ratio
HHO success ratio
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Ch 3 C E l i KPI
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Chapter 3 Common Evaluation KPIs
Causes of the call setup failure
Measurem
ent Unit
Specification Type Description Unit
Causes of
the CS call
setup
failure
Number of the A1 interface
failuresCalculation item
Indicates number of the A1 interface failures due to not receiving the
Assignment Request message in the call access process.Time
Number of the call resource
assignment failuresCalculation item
Indicates the number of failures of the process that the BSC applies for
needed call resources.
All the failures in the period after the CCM module of the BSC receives the
Assignment Request message from the MSC and before the CCM module
sends the ECAM message are regarded as the failures of call resource
assignment.
Time
Number of failures of
acquiring reverse TCH
preambles
Calculation item
Indicates the number of the situations that, after sending the extended
channel assignment message, the BSC does not receive the reverse TCH
Preamble message in the call access process.
Time
Number of layer 2
handshake failure timesCalculation item
Indicates the number of the situations that, after acquiring the TCH
Preamble message and sending the BS Ack Order message to the mobile
phone, the BSS does not receives the reverse MS Ack Order message in
the call access process.
Time
Number of serviceconnection failures
Calculation item
Indicates the number of the situations that, after sending the Service
Connect message, the BSC does not receive the Service Connect
Complete message in the call access process.
Time
Number of TCH signaling
exchange failuresCalculation item
Indicates number of the call setup failures occur during the period after the
BSC receives the reverse TCH Preamble message and before the BSC
sends the Assignment Complete to the MSC in the call access process.
Time
Ch t 3 C E l ti KPI
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The denominator
includes the number
of the HHO
successes.
Chapter 3 Common Evaluation KPIs
Call drop rate = [number of call drops/(number of call setup successes +
number of inter-BS HHO successes)] *100% Excellent ratio for a city: <= 1% Eligible ratio for a city: <= 1.5%
M S M S C B S
Assignment Complete
… …
… …
Call setup or HHO succeeds
Call in progress
A
BSC acquires
call drop
information
Call release
Call drop ratio
Ch t 3 C E l ti KPI
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Chapter 3 Common Evaluation KPIs
Causes of the call dropsMeasurement
UnitSpecification Type Description Unit
Causes of CS call
drops
Number of call drops (too many
Erasure frames)
Calculationitem
Indicates the number of the call drops due to too many Erasure in
the circuit service (CS).Time
Number of call drops (No reverse
frame received )
Calculation
item
Indicates the number of the call drops due to not receiving the
reverse frames in the CS.Time
Number of call drops (Abis interface
abnormal )
Calculation
item
Indicates the number of the call drops due to abnormal Abis
interface in the CS.
The causes of the abnormal Abis interface can be faults in the
following:
BTS resources
Abis link resources
SDU resources
Other device resources relevant to the BSC
Time
Number of call drops (A2 interface
abnormal )
Calculation
item Indicates the number of call drops due to abnormal A interface. Time
Number of call drops (other causes)Calculation
itemIndicates the number of call drops due to other causes. Time
Number of call drops (HHO failure) )-
IS95/IS2000Original item
Indicates the number of call drops caused by the reason that the
BSC waiting for the MS ACK ORD message from the MS times out
after hard handoff (HHO) failure in the IS95/IS2000 CS call service.
Time
Ch t 3 C E l ti KPI
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Chapter 3 Common Evaluation KPIs
Congestion ratio = (1 – number of TCH assignment successes/ number of TCH
assignment requests)*100%
Excellent ratio for a city: <= 0.5% Eligible ratio for a city: <= 1%
Origination Message
MS BSS MSC
CM Service Request
Assignment Request
IS-2000 TCH Setup
Procedure
Assignment Failure TCH
assignment
fails
TCH
assignment
request
Congestion ratio
Ch t 3 C E l ti KPI
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Chapter 3 Common Evaluation KPIs
Causes of the congestion
Measurement
UnitSpecification Type Description Unit
Causes of the
congestion
Number of TCH assignment
failures (Walsh shortage)
Calculation
item
Indicates the number of TCH assignment
failures due to Walsh shortage.Time
Number of TCH assignment
failures (low forward power)
Calculation
item
Indicates the number of TCH assignment
failures due to low forward power.
Time
Number of TCH assignment
failures (low reverse power)
Calculation
item
Indicates the number of TCH assignment
failures due to low reverse power.Time
Number of TCH assignment
failures (channel shortage)
Calculation
item
Indicates the number of TCH assignment
failures due to shortage of channel
elopement (CE) resources.
Time
Number of TCH assignment
failures (other causes)
Calculation
item
Indicates the number of TCH assignment
failures due to other causes.Time
Ch t 3 C E l ti KPI
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Traffic is a KPI that reflects the
capacity of the network.
Through the data about traffic,
you can judge whether capacity
expansion is needed.
Chapter 3 Common Evaluation KPIs
TCH traffic density (excluding HO) = TCH seizure duration
(excluding HO)/(60*granularity period)
CE traffic density = CE seizure duration / (60*granularity period)
WALSH traffic density = WALSH seizure duration / (60*granularity
period)
The TCH traffic in this expression refers
to the actual user traffic and does not include the HO. The user
traffic density is the most important KPI to carriers.
The CE traffic in this expression does
not include the traffic of HHO.
The WALSH traffic in this expression
includes the traffic of HHO and SHO.
Traffic
Ch t 3 C E l ti KPI
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Chapter 3 Common Evaluation KPIs
SHO success ratio = (number of SHO successes)/(number of SHO requests)*100%
Excellent ratio for a city: >= 99% Eligible ratio for a city: >= 98%
SHO success ratio
BSC waiting for MS Ack Order times out
A
BS MSCMS
E
B
D
C
A
Handoff Performed
Reverse Traffic Channel Frames or Traffic Channel Preamble
Handoff Completion Message
BS Ack Order
Extended Handoff Direction Message
Null forward traffic channel frames
BS MSCMS
E
MS rejects MS Reject Order
MS accepts MS Ack Order
SOH is triggered
Apply for
resourcesB
In case of success:
In case of failure:
D
C
SHO request
SHO succeds
SHO failure due to rejection of MS
SHO failure due to abnormal radio interface
SHO failure due to unavailable radio resoures
Chapter 3 Common Evaluation KPIs
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Chapter 3 Common Evaluation KPIs
Causes of the SHO failure
Measureme
nt Unit Specification Type Description Unit
Causes of the soft
hard failure
(SHO)
failure
Number of SHO failures (radio
resources unavailable)
Original
item
Indicates the number of SHO failures due to unavailable radio resources
in the target cell.Time
Number of SHO failures (requested Abis
resources unavailable)
Original
item
Indicates the number of SHO failures. The cause of the failure is that the
requested Abis resources are unavailable.Time
Number of SHO failures (radio interface
abnormal)
Original
itemIndicates the number of SHO failures due to abnormal radio interface. Time
Number of SHO failures (MS rejected )Original
itemIndicates the number of SHO failures due to MS rejected.
Time
Number of SHO failures (other causes)
Original
itemIndicates the number of SHO failures due to other causes. Time
Number of inter-BS SHO failures (A3
link setup failed)
Original
item
Indicates the number of inter-BS SHO failures. The cause of the failure
is that setting up the A3 link failed.
Time
The SHO can occur inter-BSC and intra-BSC. The failure of the A3 link setup can cause the failure of the inter-BSC SHO but is
not a reason for the failure of the intra-BSC.
Chapter 3 Common Evaluation KPIs
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Chapter 3 Common Evaluation KPIs
HHO success ratio = (number of HHO successes)/(number of HHO requests) *100%
Excellent ratio for a city: >= 90% Eligible ratio for a city: >= 8 5%
HHO success ratio
E
MS accepts MS Ack Order
Target BSC aquires Preamble
A
Handoff Performed
Reverse Traffic Channel Frames or Traffic Channel Preamble
Handoff Completion Message
BS Ack Order
Extended Handoff Direction Message
Null forward traffic channel frames
BS MSCMS
E
MS rejects MS Reject Order
HHO is triggered
Apply for resources
B
In case of success:
In case of failure:
D
C
Target BSC waiting for Preamble times out
HHO request
HHO succeeds
HHO failure due to MS not detected by destination pilot
HHO failure due to unavailable radio resoures
HHO failure due to unavailable radio resoures
Chapter 3 Common Evaluation KPIs
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Chapter 3 Common Evaluation KPIs
Causes of the intra-BSC HHO failure and the inter-BSC HO
Measurement
UnitSpecification Type Description Unit
Causes of the
HHO failure
Number of HHO failures (radio
resources unavailable)
Original item Indicates the number of HHO failures due
to unavailable radio resources.Time
Number of HHO failures (requested
terrestrial resources unavailable)
Original itemIndicates the number of HHO failures
when requested terrestrial resources are
unavailable.
Time
Number of HHO failures (returned to
original channel)Original item
Indicates the number of HHO failures
when the MS HO failed to enter the target
cell and stayed at the original cell.
Time
Number of HHO failures (MS rejected) Original itemIndicates the number of HHO failures due
to MS rejected.Time
Number of HHO failures (MS Not
detected by destination pilot) Original item
Indicates the number of HHO failures.
The cause is that the MS is not detectedby the destination pilot.
Time
Number of HHO failures (other causes) Original itemIndicates the number of HHO failures due
to other reasons.Time
Chapter 3 Common Evaluation KPIs
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Chapter 3 Common Evaluation KPIs
Causes of the inter-BSC HO failure
Measurem
ent Unit Specification Type Description Unit
Causes
of the
HHO
failure
Number of HHO failures (resource
assignment failure)
Original
item
Indicates the number of inter-BS HO
failures in a carrier due to resource
assignment failures at the target BSC.
Time
Number of HHO failures (HO execution
failure)
Original
item
Indicates the number of inter-BS HO
failures in a carrier due to HO execution.
Time
Number of HHO failures (HO Interrupted
by MSC)
Original
item
Indicates the number of inter-BS HO
failures in a carrier. The cause of the failure
is that the HO process is interrupted by the
MSC.
Time
Number of HHO failures (others)Original
item
Indicates the number of inter-BS HO
failures in a carrier due to other causes.Time
Chapter 3 Common Evaluation KPIs
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Chapter 3 Common Evaluation KPIs
Specification Description
Paging usage ratio
Indicates the ratio that the BSC receives Paging Request
messages from the MSC to the Paging Response
messages from the BSC to the MSC .
PCH usage ratio Indicates the PCH usage ratio of a carrier.
ACH usage ratio Indicates the ACH usage ratio of a carrier.
Transmit power of a
carrier Indicates the transmit power of a carrier (including the
transmit power on common control channels and TCH)
Main and diversity
RSSI
Indicates the average of received signal strength
indicator (RSSI) values of carriers (in the main and
diversity operation)
Carrier forward and
reverse loadingIndicates the carrier forward and reverse loading
Common reference specifications in network optimization
You need to pay
attention on the
paging successration at the MSC.
The values of these
specifications refer to
the average values in
measurement period.
They are for your
reference only.
Question
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Question
In the traffic measurement, what are the relations betweenthe three kinds of traffic?
In network optimization, which specifications are paid more
attention? What are the definitions of those specifications?
Summary
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Summary
This course describes the following:
Architecture of the traffic
measurement system Process and remarks of traffic
measurement analysis
Description and analysis of the
common evaluation KPIs
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