RFID TECHNOLOGY

Why Use RFID?

• Tags are more robust than barcodes. • Can read tags without line of sight. • Can read several hundred tags per second. • More resistant to fraud.

WHAT MAKES UP AN RFID SYSTEM?

• RFID Tags. • Readers. • Mobility. • Application Development. • Connectivity. • Putting the puzzle all together.

Tags

RFID Frequencies

• Low Frequency (30 KHz - 300KHz) • Short read range of about 10cm • Low read speed • Not sensitive to radio wave interference caused by liquids and

metals in environment • Used in access control and livestock tracking

• High Frequency (3MHZ – 30 MHz) • Read ranges between 10cm and 1M • Moderate sensitivity to interference • Used in smart cards and electronic money cards

• Ultra-High Frequency (300 MHz – 3 GHz) • Passive read range up to 12m • Faster data transfer rate than LF or HF • More sensitive to interference but some manufacturers tags keep high

performance in difficult environments • Cheaper to manufacture than LF or HF • Fastest growing segment of the RFID market

Tag Design

Tag Design

Contents EPC Number • Tag ID. • Some come with default manufacturers numbers, some don't. • Programmable with identification schemes.

Reserve Area • EPC Number Lock

• Unlocked • Perma-unlocked (can never be locked) • Locked • Perma-Locked (can never be unlocked)

• Kill Command

User Memory Bank • Varies from 32bits to over 64K • Provides a place for user-defined data • Slows down read-rate

G2V2 • Anti Counterfeiting from a stored secret key • Exit code for door alarms • Memory bank hide ability

RFID encoding standards

• US DOD/Code 128/NATO/GS-1 • NZDF adopted GS-1 because of barcode/RFID compatibility and familiarity with 3rd party

commercial vendors. • Use of Application Identifiers (AI)

Primary: • GTIN (01) • GDTI (253) • GRAI (8003) • GSRN (8018) • GLN (414) Secondary: • Batch (10) • Serial (250) • NSN (7001)

• Number construct:

• AI • Country code • Company code • data

Readers

Readers Readers also known as interrogator is a device that provides the connection between the tag data and the middleware. Types • Hand Held • Fixed • Integrated • LF/HF/UHF

Reader Antennas • Linear

• Long Range • High levels of power • Penetrate through different materials to read tags • Sensitive to tag orientation

• Polarized • Circular radiation field • Lower levels of power than linear • Less able to penetrate through different materials to read tags • Less sensitive to tag orientation

Rounds and Games

• The scanner cannot listen to all the tags talking at the same time. • The scanner shouts a Q value asking each tag to select a random number

within a range. • The scanner then asks for all tags that have selected a specific number to

respond. For example any tags select 0? • If no tags selected a number the scanner moves to the next number. For

example no tags selected 0 the scanner will move onto all tags with 1. • If only one tag selected 1 the scanner asks the tag to send the EPC/User

information. The tag is then instructed to go to sleep and the scanner moves onto the next number.

• If two tags both randomly select the same number, they are told to stay awake.

• Process continues until Q value reached. • Tags still awake are asked again to select a random number and the process

repeats until all tags within range of the scanner are asleep. End of game. • All tags are instructed to wake up and play the game again.

MOBILITY

Application Development

NEPTUNE -SAP Certified GUI based solution Works with IOS, Android & Windows software On-line and off-line. Pre-built applications and ability to build own applications.

CONNECTIVITY

Live Presentation

Putting it all together