Rfid tags

RFID Tags

Friday, 2 November 12

• Overview of RFID Based Systems

RFID Tags



• Examples of the types Tags available

RFID Tags




• How certain types of RFID Tags work

RFID Tags




• How certain types of RFID Tags work

• Examples of Applications of RFID systems

RFID Tags


About Me


using Flash Remoting/BlazeDS with Coldfusion as the middleware to database servers

manufactures RFID Tags and RFID readers

• Chris Velevitch

About Me




• Chris Velevitch

• Flex Developer

About Me




• Chris Velevitch

• Flex Developer

• Magellan Technology, Sydney

About Me




What are RFID Systems?


Radio Frequency Identification Systems use radio-frequency electromagnetic fields to transfer data from a device attached to an object. "

• RFID - Radio Frequency Identification





• Uses Radio Waves to transfer Identity Data





• Uses Radio Waves to transfer Identity Data

• Tags are physically attached to some object that needs to be identified/tracked




Aspects of RFID Tags


There are many things to take into consideration when designing an RFID based system.

There are quite a few of them, but some of them are mutually exclusive.

• Active vs Passive



Active means it has it's own power source, whereas passive gets its power from the interrogator

• Active vs Passive• Static vs Dynamic vs Updatable



Apart from it's unique ID, the data sent with ID is either:-

1) always the same2) is different each time it is read3) or it has been changed at some stage

• Active vs Passive• Static vs Dynamic vs Updatable• Long Range vs Short Range



The distance between the object and the interrogator.

Distances can range from 1 cm to 300 Km

• Active vs Passive• Static vs Dynamic vs Updatable• Long Range vs Short Range• Proximity (of the tags)



If tagged objects are physically close together

This has an impact on how many tags per second can be read which has an impact on the type of reader and type of tag needed

this can range from < 1 a sec to 300 per sec

• Active vs Passive• Static vs Dynamic vs Updatable• Long Range vs Short Range• Proximity Based (of the objects)• Frequency



The frequency of the Radio Waves. They can range from 120kHz (HF) to 10 GHz (microwave)

the distance between the object and interrogator determines the frequency at which the data is transmitted before the RF signal is too weak to detect

Radio waves weaken at a rate inversely proportional to the square of the distance (1/(d**2))

• Active vs Passive• Static vs Dynamic vs Updatable• Long Range vs Short Range• Proximity Based (of the objects)• Frequency• Command and Control



There is the expectation that reading or listening for a tag creates a side-effect in that something happens as a result

• Active vs Passive• Static vs Dynamic vs Updatable• Long Range vs Short Range• Proximity Based (of the objects)• Frequency• Command and Control• Interrogator talks first vs device talks first



communication is initiated by the interrogator or the device

With passive tags, device talks first is no longer used today because in the earlier techniques of design and manufacturing of the IC’s used couldn’t packed into a small enough space the complex circuits needed for the sophisticated handshaking and control of the tags

Detailed reasons to follow

• Active vs Passive• Static vs Dynamic vs Updatable• Long Range vs Short Range• Proximity Based (of the objects)• Frequency• Command and Control• Interrogator talks first vs device talks first• Amount of Data Required



The amount of data the device needs to store is dependent on the application requirements and data capacities available

They range from 1-bit to 64kb

• Active vs Passive• Static vs Dynamic vs Updatable• Long Range vs Short Range• Proximity Based (of the objects)• Frequency• Command and Control• Interrogator talks first vs device talks first• Amount of Data Required• Cost



of the tag and the interrogator/reader

The interrogators or readers are generally more expensive than the tags and cost of tags start at few cents each to a few 100 dollars

there are cases in which the tags can be 10’s of 1000’s of dollars each

the cost of the readers can range from 100’s of dollars to millions

The data


If tags are sourced from multiple manufacturers, the manufacturer code is needed because it is possible have 2 or more tags with the same unique identifier.

optional user written data such as serial numbers, part numbers, locations, expiry dates, descriptions, lot numbers, etc

• Manufacturer Code

The data





• Fixed unique identifier

The data





• Fixed unique identifier

• Optionally, object specific information

The data




Examples of tags


So what to tags look like?

Active tag

Examples of tags


Semi-passive or battery assisted. On board battery is used to power everything except the antenna so all received power can be used for transmitting back the signal which will be stronger than passive tags

Examples of tags


Implantable Passive tag

Examples of tags


1-bit passive tag

Examples of tags


This is a different type of 1-bit passive tag

Examples of tags


Passive tag

Examples of tags


Examples of tags


These chips are designed to be extremely low power and contain control logic to control power consumption, to send data and how much, to be silent

Examples of tags

Tag Type GPT8 GPL5 MDT3 LMP7 MAG5 DIA4 DOC3 CC2.5 CC5Speci!cationsNominal Label Dimensions 26.9mm dia 16 x 50mm - 42 x 47mm 19 x 51mm 30 x 76mm 26 x 66mm 54 x 85mm 50 x 80mmAntenna Dimensions 25 dia 14 x 48mm 31 x 41mm 39.45 x 44.40mm 16 x 48mm 27 x 73mm 20 x 60mm 45 x 76mm 45 x 76mmTurns 8 5 3 7 5 4 3 2.5 5Minimum Separation

1.5mm 1.0mm 0.1mm 3.0mm 1.0mm 1.8mm 0.1mm 1.0mm 4.0mmField StrengthA/m RMS 3.10 3.50 3.00 0.91 3.00 1.50 3.30 1.30 0.54 Applications Gaming

TokensGaming Plaques

Document Tracking Paper

Multi-purpose Insight maga-zine reader

Diamond Tracking

Document Tracking Paper

Document Tracking Folders

Multi-Purpose

Reader compatibilityMARS-AT * * * * * * * * *

Tunnel Readers:MSTRP-6464 - - - x - - - x** xMSTRP-5050 - - - x - - - x xMSTRP-4040 x - x x x x x x x

Stand-alone Readers:MDR-3021 - - - x - - - - x MDR-1109 x x x x x x x x x

MDocR-2505 - - x - - - x x -3D Readers:

M3DR-4330 x - x x x x x x x

Copyright Magellan Technology 2012

Magellan has a range of PJM RFID StackTags as detailed below. Tags can be supplied as bare inlets, transparent or paper labels. If required, Magellan can produce custom tags. Note: not all tag types are held in stock. Minimum order quantities, design and set-up costs may apply.

* = Antenna Dependent ** = Not full 3D range


How passive Tags work?


They work on the same principles as transformers


• How do passive tags get their power?


They work on the same principles as transformers



The ratio of the voltages is equal to the ratio of the number of turns in each coil.

• How is the data sent and received?



The coils also act as antennas



The coils act as antennas

• How is the radio frequency generated





Tuned Resonate circuit


• Radio frequency interference


If 2 tags are next to each other, their radio signals will interfere and cancel each other out effectively making the 2 tags invisible to the reader because the tag’s signal is weaker.



If 2 tags are next to each other, their radio signals will interfere and cancel each other out effectively making the 2 tags invisible to the reader because the tags are transmitting a strong enough signal.



As the distance between 2 tags decreases the amplitude of the each tags radio signal decreases

Proximity handling


Tuned vs untuned circuitsHandled by the tag chipreaders can simultaneously listen all 8 channelsread rates are 300 tags/sec

• Controlling the tag frequency

Proximity handling



• Controlling the tag frequency

• 8 Channels

Proximity handling



Readers


Readers


Small tunnel reader

Readers


Document tray reader

Readers


Large desktop reader

Readers


Readers


Frige and 3D cabinets

Readers


3D reading illustration

Applications


All commercial aircraft have RFID tags installed, the reader/interrogator is located at Sydney airport (off screen). Air traffic control radar triggers the aircraft to send it’s ID along with altitude, speed, heading and GPS location (and maybe some other data).

The tag is integrated with the aircraft avionics in order to get the dynamic data

This is a specifically designed use case $$$

Applications


Car remotes - command/control

also garage door opens

home alarm sysems

Applications


eToll tag - command/control

Applications


• [email protected]


Rfid tags

Technology

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