Rfid security access control system

RFID Security Access Control System

http://www.edgefxkits.com/

Introduction

Automatic identification and access control system has become necessary to overcome the security threats faced by many organizations. By installing the system at the entrance will only allow the authorized persons to enter the organization. The system can also be installed at various points inside the organization to track the person’s movement and to restrict their access to sensitive areas in the organization.


https://www.facebook.com/edgefx

https://twitter.com/edgefxtech

https://plus.google.com/+Edgefxkits/

https://www.youtube.com/user/efxkits


Block Diagram







Hardware Components• 8051 series Microcontroller• RFID reader• RFID tags• Relay• Relay driver IC• Transformer• Diodes• Voltage Regulator• Resistors• Capacitor• LED• Lamp







Circuit Diagram







Microcontroller Microcontroller (MC) may be called computer

on chip since it has basic features of microprocessor with internal ROM, RAM, Parallel and serial ports within single chip.

This is widely used in washing machines, vcd player, microwave oven, robotics or in industries.

Microcontroller can be classified on the basis of their bits processed like 8bit MC, 16bit MC.







RFID Readers and Tags

RFID systems can be classified by the type of tag and reader. A Passive Reader Active Tag (PRAT) system has a passive reader which

only receives radio signals from active tags.

An Active Reader Passive Tag (ARPT) system has an active reader, which transmits interrogator signals and also receives authentication replies from passive tags.

An Active Reader Active Tag (ARAT) system uses active tags awoken with an interrogator signal from the active reader.







Relay

Relays are used where it is necessary to control a circuit by a separate low-power signal.

Solid-state relays control power circuits with no moving parts, instead using a semiconductor device to perform switching.

Magnetic latching relays require one pulse of coil power to move their contacts in one direction, and another, redirected pulse to move them back.







Transformers The principle parts of a transformer and their functions are:


• The core, which makes a path for the magnetic flux.

• The primary coil, which receives energy from the ac source.

• The secondary coil, which receives energy from the primary winding and delivers it to the load.






Diodes The 1N4148 is a standard small signal silicon diode

used in signal processing.

The 1N4148 is generally available in a DO-35 glass package and is very useful at high

Frequencies with a reverse recovery time of no more than 4ns.

This permits rectification and detection of radio

frequency signals very effectively, as long as their amplitude is above the forward conduction threshold of silicon (around 0.7V) or the diode is biased.







Voltage Regulators

A voltage regulator is an electronic circuit which maintains the output voltage (almost) constant in spite of changes within some specified limits in the load current, input voltage, temperature, etc.

An IC based voltage regulator can be classified in different ways. A common type of classification is 3 terminal voltage regulator and 5 or multi terminal voltage regulator.







Resistors Resistors are components used to resist the flow of electric current and have a stated value of RESISTANCE.

Resistors can be either fixed or variable in value Fixed resistors come in a variety of different shapes, sizes and forms Axial lead resistors have the value of resistance printed on them or as a

colour code








Capacitor A basic capacitor has two parallel plates separated by an insulating material

A capacitor stores an electrical charge between the two plates.







LEDApplications of LED : Devices, medical applications, clothing, toys • Remote Controls (TVs, VCRs) • Lighting • Indicators and signs • Optoisolators and Optocouplers.







RFID Technology RFID system consists of three components namely transponder (tag),

interrogator (reader) and computer containing the database.

The system offers diverse frequency band ranging from low frequencies to microwave frequencies.

• Low Frequency: 125-134 KHz

• High Frequency: 13.56 MHz

• Ultra High Frequency: 902-928 MHz

• Microwave Frequency: 2.4 GHz







Working Principle The aim of this project is to design an RFID based security access

control system using 8051 microcontroller, in which only authorised personnel are allowed access to a secure area.

When the circuit is powered ON, the microcontroller will initially display a message as “Swipe the Card” on the LCD display.

When the RFID Card or Tag is swiped against the RFID reader, it will detect the ID card and sends the unique card no. to the microcontroller via serial terminal.







Working Principle With the help of suitable programming, we need to compare the received card

number with the numbers that are already stored in the microcontroller.

If the received number is matched with the already stored number, then the microcontroller will display the name of the card holder or the identification number on the LCD and activates the motor driver IC.

As a result, the door is opened for a predefined duration after which the door is automatically closed.

If there is no match for the received numbers with the stored numbers, then the microcontroller will not open the door and displays a message as “Access Denied” on the LCD display.







Operation Of RFID

The security and access control system is comprised of two phases:

• Registration phase

• Recognition phase

In the registration phase, Some images of the user are captured while issuing an RFID tag.

The recognition phase comes when the user wants to enter the hostel.







Operation of RFID The entrance and exit modules use RFID recognition for identification.

While mess module use RFID with a password to grant permission.

These modules communicate with computer system through a main controller.

The data exchange between the main controller and computer system is through serial port.

While parallel port data and control lines are used for handshaking purposes.







Operation Of RFID

After detecting and receiving RFID tag data through a serial interrupt routine, microcontroller searches the NV-RAM for this number.

If no match is found, the microcontroller makes an emergency call to the security van through GSM modem.

At the same time, it turns on the alarm signal.

On the other hand, if a match is found, the microcontroller checks the entrance status of the user by scanning NV-RAM.







Security Access Rfid cards have been advertised as suitable for personal

identification tasks, because they are engineered to be tamper resistant.

The chip usually implements some cryptographic algorithm.

There are several methods for recovering some of the algorithm's internal state.

Differential power analysis involves measuring the precise time and electrical current required for certain encryption or decryption operations.







This can deduce the on-chip private key used by public key algorithms such as RSA.

Some implementations of symmetric ciphers can be vulnerable to timing or power attacks as well.

Rfid cards can be physically disassembled by using acid, abrasives, or some other technique to obtain unrestricted access to the on-board microprocessor.

Although such techniques obviously involve a fairly high risk of permanent damage to the chip, they permit much more detailed information to be extracted.

Security Access







Functions

• Entrance Monitoring Controller

• Exit Monitoring Controller

• Mess Monitoring Controller

• Computer System and Web Server







Benefits

Enhances safety and security. Portability.

Reliability.

Reconfigurable and reusable.







Limitations

Even though RFID Technology is secure, the security can be increased by integrating other security measures like facial detection, finger print scanner etc.

As the card details are stored in the microcontroller, only a limited number of card details can be stored.

This can be increased by implementing a memory unit like EEPROM.







Applications

RFID based Security Access System is designed in this project. As the system uses RFID Technology based identification, it can be used to access secured areas like research centres, defence sites etc.

It is a low power system and also the RFID Cards or Tags used are of passive type.

http://www.edgefxkits.com/rfid-projects







Conclusion

Design of a RFID security and access control system for use in radio frequency identification with biometrics technology to differentiate between valid and invalid users. The system accomplishes the security and access control task by processing information from sub-controllers.

http://www.edgefxkits.com/rfid-security-access-control-system







Rfid security access control system

Engineering

Transcript of Rfid security access control system