RF Communication System · RF System Outline Transmitter Components Receiver Components Noise...
Transcript of RF Communication System · RF System Outline Transmitter Components Receiver Components Noise...
![Page 1: RF Communication System · RF System Outline Transmitter Components Receiver Components Noise Figure Link Budget Test Equipment System Success Design Remedy](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022040203/5e8519a746a8d5383c0da0fb/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
RF Communication SystemRF Communication System
EE 172Systems Group Presentation
![Page 2: RF Communication System · RF System Outline Transmitter Components Receiver Components Noise Figure Link Budget Test Equipment System Success Design Remedy](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022040203/5e8519a746a8d5383c0da0fb/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
RF System Outline
Transmitter ComponentsReceiver ComponentsNoise FigureLink BudgetTest EquipmentSystem SuccessDesign Remedy
![Page 3: RF Communication System · RF System Outline Transmitter Components Receiver Components Noise Figure Link Budget Test Equipment System Success Design Remedy](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022040203/5e8519a746a8d5383c0da0fb/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Transmitter Components
Audio TransducerOscillatorModulatorBand Pass FilterPower AmplifierLow Pass FilterAntenna
![Page 4: RF Communication System · RF System Outline Transmitter Components Receiver Components Noise Figure Link Budget Test Equipment System Success Design Remedy](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022040203/5e8519a746a8d5383c0da0fb/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Receiver Components
AntennaEvanescent Mode FilterLow Noise AmplifierOscillatorDemodulatorBand Pass FilterSpeaker
![Page 5: RF Communication System · RF System Outline Transmitter Components Receiver Components Noise Figure Link Budget Test Equipment System Success Design Remedy](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022040203/5e8519a746a8d5383c0da0fb/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
System Block Diagram
Audio Modulator
Demodulator
Oscillator
Filter Filter
Filter
PA PA
Speaker LNA
Antenna
Antenna
Transmitter
Receiver
Filter
![Page 6: RF Communication System · RF System Outline Transmitter Components Receiver Components Noise Figure Link Budget Test Equipment System Success Design Remedy](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022040203/5e8519a746a8d5383c0da0fb/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Noise Figure
The Noise Figure (NF) is the increase of noise power from the input to the output of a network“White noise”, or noise power, is constant in RF and microwave frequenciesNoise is mainly important on the receiver end due to the low signal strength
![Page 7: RF Communication System · RF System Outline Transmitter Components Receiver Components Noise Figure Link Budget Test Equipment System Success Design Remedy](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022040203/5e8519a746a8d5383c0da0fb/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Noise Figure (LNA example)
Noise Figure is the ratio of the signal to noise power going into a device compared to the signal to noise ratio coming outNoise Figure of a passive device, such as a filter, is equal to its attenuation
30 dB GAIN
SignalOUT = -50 dBm
NoiseOUT = -65 dBmNoiseIN = -100 dBm
SignalIN = -80 dBm
(Signal/Noise)OUT = 15 dB(Signal/Noise)IN = 20 dB
NOISE FIGURE = 5 dB
![Page 8: RF Communication System · RF System Outline Transmitter Components Receiver Components Noise Figure Link Budget Test Equipment System Success Design Remedy](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022040203/5e8519a746a8d5383c0da0fb/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Link Budget - Expected
PT = Transmitter power (dBm) 30 dBmGT = Transmitter antenna gain (dB) 3 dBGR = Receiver antenna gain (dB) 10 dBPL = Path Loss (dB) -154 dBTP = PT + GT + GR + PL -111 dBm
*Path loss is an estimated value. Propagation engineers would be responsible for this value.
![Page 9: RF Communication System · RF System Outline Transmitter Components Receiver Components Noise Figure Link Budget Test Equipment System Success Design Remedy](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022040203/5e8519a746a8d5383c0da0fb/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Link Budget - Calculations
69%82%72%67%75%P transmitted
31%18%28%33%25%P reflected
3.522.493.263.743.00SWR
-7.06-20.20-60.00-17.24-39.50Insertion Loss (dB)
-5.08-7.40-5.50-4.76-6.01Return Loss (dB)
0.560.430.530.580.50ρ
-6.65-5.50-4.30-3.93-2.48S22 (dB)
-7.06-20.20-60.00-17.22-40.30S21 (dB)
-7.06-20.20-60.00-17.24-39.50S12 (dB)
-5.08-7.40-5.50-4.76-6.01S11 (dB)
Low Pass FilterAmplifier (Systems)
Band Pass Filter
Modulator (audio
terminated)
Modulator (oscil ator
terminated)l
TransmitterParameters & Calculations
![Page 10: RF Communication System · RF System Outline Transmitter Components Receiver Components Noise Figure Link Budget Test Equipment System Success Design Remedy](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022040203/5e8519a746a8d5383c0da0fb/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Link Budget - Calculations
97%80%66%92%P transmitted
3%20%34%8%P reflected
1.432.613.791.77SWR
-11.60-23.50-27.00-47.00Insertion Loss (dB)
-15.00-7.00-4.70-11.10Return Loss (dB)
0.180.450.580.28ρ
-8.80-5.70-3.80-4.70S22 (dB)
-11.60-23.50-27.00-47.00S21 (dB)
-11.60-23.50-27.00-47.00S12 (dB)
-15.00-7.00-4.70-11.10S11 (dB)
Band Pass FilterDemodulatorEvanescent Mode FilterAmplifier
ReceiverParameters & Calculations
![Page 11: RF Communication System · RF System Outline Transmitter Components Receiver Components Noise Figure Link Budget Test Equipment System Success Design Remedy](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022040203/5e8519a746a8d5383c0da0fb/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Link Budget - Actual
Transmitter power: 16 dBmTransmitter antenna gain: 6 dBFree space path loss: -71 dBObstacle loss: -20 dBMultipath loss: -20 dBReceiver antenna gain: 10 dBReceived carrier power: -79 dB
Thermal noise in 1 MHz -114 dBm30 kHz bandwidth correction -15 dBReceiver noise figure: -6 dBNoise floor: -123 dBCarrier to noise ratio: 32 dB
![Page 12: RF Communication System · RF System Outline Transmitter Components Receiver Components Noise Figure Link Budget Test Equipment System Success Design Remedy](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022040203/5e8519a746a8d5383c0da0fb/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Test Equipment
Network Analyzerto retrieve S-parameters for reflection calculations
Spectrum Analyzerto determine gain, bandwidth, and frequency measurements from components
Power Supplypower up subsystems as needed
![Page 13: RF Communication System · RF System Outline Transmitter Components Receiver Components Noise Figure Link Budget Test Equipment System Success Design Remedy](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022040203/5e8519a746a8d5383c0da0fb/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
System Success
The RF Communications System did… not work Major factors for measuring our success includes:
power loss across all subsystemsgain was nominal versus lossmissing components vital for successtest yields were astray from specs
![Page 14: RF Communication System · RF System Outline Transmitter Components Receiver Components Noise Figure Link Budget Test Equipment System Success Design Remedy](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022040203/5e8519a746a8d5383c0da0fb/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
System Success
Overall subsystems are lossy as opposed to ideal conditionsAmplifier gain was 6 dB versus 15 dB as specs had stated and were missing 2 out of 3 of them.The Low Pass Filter had a tested cutoff frequency of 850 MHz versus 940 MHz as specs had stated.Demodulator tests showed that the carrier frequency was not removed.Systems attempted some remedial tactics.
![Page 15: RF Communication System · RF System Outline Transmitter Components Receiver Components Noise Figure Link Budget Test Equipment System Success Design Remedy](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022040203/5e8519a746a8d5383c0da0fb/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Design Remedy
New amplifier was designed that yielded better gain. (with help of Elena from Oscillator group)Attempted to design a new low pass filter to remedy cutoff frequencyFurthermore, the systems group recommends that all the subsystems be matched for the least reflections and loss.
![Page 16: RF Communication System · RF System Outline Transmitter Components Receiver Components Noise Figure Link Budget Test Equipment System Success Design Remedy](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022040203/5e8519a746a8d5383c0da0fb/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Systems Analysis Team
Sahel JalalRizwan KhalidKartik PatelGurvinder DilawariAnkush Mohan
Questions and Answers…
![Page 17: RF Communication System · RF System Outline Transmitter Components Receiver Components Noise Figure Link Budget Test Equipment System Success Design Remedy](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022040203/5e8519a746a8d5383c0da0fb/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Oscillator
Specifications
Frequency: 915 MHz Amplitude: 0 dBm Phase Noise:
Actual Measurements
Frequency: 915.2 MHz Amplitude: 1.8 dBm Phase Noise:
Transmitter
![Page 18: RF Communication System · RF System Outline Transmitter Components Receiver Components Noise Figure Link Budget Test Equipment System Success Design Remedy](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022040203/5e8519a746a8d5383c0da0fb/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Modulator
Specifications
Conversion Loss: 10 dB Spurious: None
Actual Measurements
Conversion Loss: 17 dB Spurious: 872 MHz, 924 MHz
Transmitter
![Page 19: RF Communication System · RF System Outline Transmitter Components Receiver Components Noise Figure Link Budget Test Equipment System Success Design Remedy](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022040203/5e8519a746a8d5383c0da0fb/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Band Pass Filter
Specifications
Center Frequency: 915 MHz Bandwidth: 915 MHz +/- 15%
Insertion Loss: 10 dB
Actual Measurements
Center Frequency: 1.2 GHz Bandwidth: 200 Mhz
Insertion Loss: 46 dB @ 915 MHz
Transmitter
![Page 20: RF Communication System · RF System Outline Transmitter Components Receiver Components Noise Figure Link Budget Test Equipment System Success Design Remedy](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022040203/5e8519a746a8d5383c0da0fb/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Power Amplifier
Specifications
Frequency: 915 MHz Gain: 15 dB Saturation: 28 V
Actual Measurements
Frequency: 915 MHz Gain: 6 dB Saturation: 22 V
Transmitter
![Page 21: RF Communication System · RF System Outline Transmitter Components Receiver Components Noise Figure Link Budget Test Equipment System Success Design Remedy](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022040203/5e8519a746a8d5383c0da0fb/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Low Pass Filter
Specifications
Cutoff Frequency: 940 MHz Insertion Loss: 10 dB
Actual Measurements
Cutoff Frequency: 850 MHz Insertion Loss: 4.7 dB
Transmitter
![Page 22: RF Communication System · RF System Outline Transmitter Components Receiver Components Noise Figure Link Budget Test Equipment System Success Design Remedy](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022040203/5e8519a746a8d5383c0da0fb/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Antenna
Specifications
Gain: 3 dB Frequency Range: 910 MHz to 920 MHz
Actual Measurements
Gain: 6 dB Frequency Range: 910 MHz to 920 MHz
Transmitter
![Page 23: RF Communication System · RF System Outline Transmitter Components Receiver Components Noise Figure Link Budget Test Equipment System Success Design Remedy](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022040203/5e8519a746a8d5383c0da0fb/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Antenna
Specifications
Gain: 10 dB Frequency Range: 910 MHz to 920 MHz
Actual Measurements
Gain: 9-12 dB Frequency Range: 910 MHz to 920 MHz
Receiver
![Page 24: RF Communication System · RF System Outline Transmitter Components Receiver Components Noise Figure Link Budget Test Equipment System Success Design Remedy](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022040203/5e8519a746a8d5383c0da0fb/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Evanescent Mode Filter
Specifications
Center Frequency: 915 MHz Bandwidth: 140 MHz
Insertion Loss: 10 dB
Actual Measurements
Center Frequency: 915 MHz Bandwidth: 140 MHz
Insertion Loss: 14 dB
Receiver
![Page 25: RF Communication System · RF System Outline Transmitter Components Receiver Components Noise Figure Link Budget Test Equipment System Success Design Remedy](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022040203/5e8519a746a8d5383c0da0fb/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Low Noise Amplifier
Specifications
Gain: 15 dB Frequency: 915 MHz
Actual Measurements
Missing originally, systems designed
Gain: 20 dB Frequency: 915 MHz
Receiver
![Page 26: RF Communication System · RF System Outline Transmitter Components Receiver Components Noise Figure Link Budget Test Equipment System Success Design Remedy](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022040203/5e8519a746a8d5383c0da0fb/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Demodulator
Specifications
Conversion Loss: 10 dB Spurious: None
Actual Measurements
Conversion Loss: 17 dB Spurious: 875 MHz, 928 MHz
Receiver
![Page 27: RF Communication System · RF System Outline Transmitter Components Receiver Components Noise Figure Link Budget Test Equipment System Success Design Remedy](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022040203/5e8519a746a8d5383c0da0fb/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Band Pass Filter
Specifications
Conversion Loss: 10 dB Bandwidth: 915 MHz +/-15% Spurious: None
Actual Measurements
Conversion Loss: 8.1 dB Bandwidth: 873 MHz to 960 MHz Spurious: None
Receiver