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Transcript of Reynolds Farley The University of Michigan Population Studies Center Institute for Social Research...
Reynolds FarleyThe University of MichiganPopulation Studies Center
Institute for Social Research426 Thompson
Ann Arbor, Michigan 48104-2590
August 1, 2008Boston, Massachusetts
Presentation prepared for the session of Plenary Session of the American Sociological Presentation prepared for the session of Plenary Session of the American Sociological Association, 40th Anniversary of the Kerner Commission Report organized by Professor Association, 40th Anniversary of the Kerner Commission Report organized by Professor Paul A. JagowskyPaul A. Jagowsky
Percent of Native-Born, Non-Hispanic Men and Women Aged 25 to 34 Reporting a High School Education
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
1968 1971 1974 1977 1980 1983 1986 1989 1992 1995 1998 2001 2004 2007
Black Men
White Men
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
1968 1971 1974 1977 1980 1983 1986 1989 1992 1995 1998 2001 2004 2007
Black Women
White Women
Percent of Native-Born, Non-Hispanic Men and Women Aged 25 to 34 Reporting a Four-Year College Education
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
45%
50%
1968 1971 1974 1977 1980 1983 1986 1989 1992 1995 1998 2001 2004 2007
Black Men
White Men
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
45%
50%
1968 1971 1974 1977 1980 1983 1986 1989 1992 1995 1998 2001 2004 2007
Black Women
White Women
Average Duncan Occupational Prestige Scores for Employed Persons Aged 25 to 59
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
2006
OC
CU
PA
TIO
NA
L P
RE
ST
IGE
SC
OR
E
White Men
Black Men
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
OC
CU
PA
TIO
NA
L P
RE
ST
IGE
SC
OR
E
White Women
Black Women
Per Capita Annual Hours of Employment for Native-Born Non-Hispanics Aged 25 to 59; 1968 to 2007
500
700
900
1,100
1,300
1,500
1,700
1,900
2,100
1968 1971 1974 1977 1980 1983 1986 1989 1992 1995 1998 2001 2004 2007
PE
R C
AP
ITA
HO
UR
S O
F E
MP
LO
YM
EN
T
White Men
Black Men
Black Women
White Women
Percent of Native-Born Non-Hispanic Children Under Age 18 Below the Poverty Line; 1968 to 2007
Recession Periods
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
1968 1971 1974 1977 1980 1983 1986 1989 1992 1995 1998 2001 2004 2007
ImpoverishedBlack Children
Impoverished White Children
Percent of Native-Born Non-Hispanic Adults Over Age 65Below the Poverty Line; 1968 to 2007
Recession Periods
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
1968 1971 1974 1977 1980 1983 1986 1989 1992 1995 1998 2001 2004 2007
Impoverished BlackAdults Aged 65+
Impoverished WhiteAdults Aged 65+
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
1968 1971 1974 1977 1980 1983 1986 1989 1992 1995 1998 2001 2004 2007
White Men
Black Men
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
1968 1971 1974 1977 1980 1983 1986 1989 1992 1995 1998 2001 2004 2007
White Women
Black Women
White Women
Black Women
Percent of Native-Born, Non-Hispanic Men and Women Aged 25 to 59 Employed; 1968 to 2007
Median Wage and Salary Earnings for Native-Born Non-Hispanics Reporting Earnings
$10,000
$15,000
$20,000
$25,000
$30,000
$35,000
$40,000
$45,000
$50,000
$55,000
$60,000
1968 1971 1974 1977 1980 1983 1986 1989 1992 1995 1998 2001 2004 2007
White Men
Black Men
Black Women
White Women
Percent of Native-Born Non-Hispanic Households Owning their Residence
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
Black Owners
White Owners
$5,000
$15,000
$25,000
$35,000
$45,000
$55,000
$65,000
$75,000
1968 1971 1974 1977 1980 1983 1986 1989 1992 1995 1998 2001 2004 2007
Black Men
White Men
$5,000
$15,000
$25,000
$35,000
$45,000
$55,000
$65,000
$75,000
1968 1971 1974 1977 1980 1983 1986 1989 1992 1995 1998 2001 2004 2007
Black Women
White Women
Per Capita Income Reported by Persons Aged 25 to 59 (constant 2007 Dollars)
Median Income of Households Headed by Native-Born Non-Hispanics (shown in constant 2007 Dollars)
$10,000
$15,000
$20,000
$25,000
$30,000
$35,000
$40,000
$45,000
$50,000
$55,000
$60,000
1968 1971 1974 1977 1980 1983 1986 1989 1992 1995 1998 2001 2004 2007
Whites
Blacks
Percent of Native-Born Non-Hispanics Below the Poverty Line; 1968 to 2007
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
1968 1971 1974 1977 1980 1983 1986 1989 1992 1995 1998 2001 2004 2007
ImpoverishedBlacks
Impoverished Whites
Recession Periods
Non-Hispanic Whites
Non-Hispanic Blacks
Poor (Incomes Below Poverty Line)
Near Poor (Incomes 100% to 199% of Poverty Line)
Middle Class (Incomes 200% to 499% of Poverty Line)
Comfortable (Incomes at Least Five Times the Poverty Line)
Economic Status of Native-Born Non-Hispanic Whites and Blacks: 1968 to 2007
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
1968 1971 1974 1977 1980 1983 1986 1989 1992 1995 1998 2001 2004 2007
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
1968 1971 1974 1977 1980 1983 1986 1989 1992 1995 1998 2001 2004 2007
Number of Blacks Elected to Serve in Congress: 1966 to 2006
41
41
37
37
37
38
39
38
25
24
23
20
21
17
16
17
16
16
13
10
6
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
2006
2004
2002
2000
1998
1996
1994
1992
1990
1988
1986
1984
1982
1980
1978
1976
1974
1972
1970
1968
1966
Percent of Married Spouse Present, Native-Born, Non-Hispanic White Women Aged 25 to 34
Married to Black Men, and Percent of Similar Black Women Married to White Men
Percent of Married Spouse Present, Native-Born, Non-Hispanic White Men Aged 25 to 34 Married to Black Women, and Percent of
Similar Black Men Married to White Women
0%
1%
2%
3%
4%
5%
6%
7%
8%
9%
10%
11%
12%
13%
14%
15%
Black Wives Married to
White Husbands
White Wives Married toBlack Husbands
0%
1%
2%
3%
4%
5%
6%
7%
8%
9%
10%
11%
12%
13%
14%
15%
1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2006
Black Husbands Married to
White Wives
White Husbands Married to
Black Wives
Racial Attitudes of National Samples of Whites; General Social Survey, 1972 to 2004
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
1972 1974 1976 1978 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004
Would vote for a black candidate
Would vote forOpen Housing
Law
Believe blacks shouldn't
push
Oppose interracialmarriage
Believe whites have right to segregate their neighborhoods
Percent of Persons Identifying with One Major Race Who Went On To Identify with a Second Major Race; American Community Survey: 2000 to 2008
Twelve Largest Multiple Races in 2008, their Percent Change in Size Since 2000 and Their Median Age in 2007
Rank
Racial Group
Population
in 2008 (000)
Percent Change
Since 2000
Median Age
in 2008
1 White & Black 1,658 +110% 11.8 2 White & American Indian 1,638 +30 33.0 3 White & Some Other Race 865 -67 20.1 4 White & Filipino 323 +50 15.3 5 Black & American Indian 277 +33 30.7 6 White & Japanese 232 +32 20.2 7 Black & Some Other Race 201 -57 15.7 8 White, Black & American Indian 190 +64 21.1 9 White & Chinese 169 +63 13.4 10 White & Korean 144 69 15.5 11 White & Other Asian 127 +7 16.1 12 White & Vietnamese 78 +121 16.1 Total Multiple Races 6,986 -4 18.6 White Race Only 228,221 +8 39.4 Black Race Only 37,647 +10 32.1 Some Other Race Only 14,920 -3 27.4
Races Reported by the Hispanic Population: Census 2000 and ACS 2008
CENSUS 2000 ACS 2008
States where Non-Hispanic Whites were a Numerical Minority in 2008
Hawaii, District of Columbia, New Mexico, California and Texas
Additional States where Non-Hispanic Whites were a Numerical Minority in 2008 among the School Age Population
(Under age 18)
Arizona, Nevada, Florida and Mississippi
Additional States where Non-Hispanic Whites were a Numerical Minority in 2008 among the Pre-School Population
(Under age 6)
Maryland, Georgia, Delaware and New York
Percent of White and Black Wives and Husbands Under Age 30 Married to a Spouse of the Other Race, 1950 to 2007
0%
2%
4%
6%
8%
10%
12%
14%
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
2007
Black Wives
Black Husbands
White Wives
White Husbands
Percent of Children Under Age 18 in Married Couple Families withParents of Different Races
0.2% 0.4%0.8%
2.0%
2.8%
6.7%
9.0%
0%
1%
2%
3%
4%
5%
6%
7%
8%
9%
10%
1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2007
Racial Residential Segregation in Metropolises of Two Million or More, Measured by Indexes of Dissimilarity; 2000 and 2007
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Hispanics
Whites
Asians
Whites
Asians
Whites
Asians
Blacks
2007 2000
RESIDENTIAL SEGREGATION OF WHITES FROM:
RESIDENTIAL SEGREGATION OF ASIANS FROM:
RESIDENTIAL SEGREGATION OF HISPANICS FROM:
RESIDENTIAL SEGREGATION OF BLACKS FROM:
PERCENTCHANGE
-1.9%
-2.6%
-5.3%
-5.3%
+2.2%
-2.1%
+3.9%
-2.6%
-2.1%
+3.9%
-1.9%
+2.2%
Hispanics
Hispanics
Blacks
Blacks