Revolution. Standard USHC-2.1Summarize the early development of representative government and...
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Transcript of Revolution. Standard USHC-2.1Summarize the early development of representative government and...
RevolutionRevolution
StandardStandard
USHC-2.1USHC-2.1 Summarize the early Summarize the early development of representative government development of representative government and political rights in the American colonies, and political rights in the American colonies, including the influence of the British political including the influence of the British political system, the rule of law and the conflict system, the rule of law and the conflict between the colonial legislatures and the between the colonial legislatures and the royal governors. (P, H) royal governors. (P, H)
Montesquieu
John Locke
Rousseau
Enlightened Thinkers
Period of neglectPeriod of neglectQueen Anne died in 1714—no children, or brothers Queen Anne died in 1714—no children, or brothers
or sistersor sistersGeorge I (German) nearest relativeGeorge I (German) nearest relativeKnows nothing of EnglandKnows nothing of EnglandAccepts kingship & lets Parliament run countryAccepts kingship & lets Parliament run countryThey lined their own pockets (neglected their job)They lined their own pockets (neglected their job)George I dies 1732George I dies 1732George II does the same George II does the same George II dies 1760George II dies 1760
George III—1760 George III—1760
George III—1760George III—1760
Prepared, sat in on Parliament, Strong KingPrepared, sat in on Parliament, Strong King 11stst duty—End war W/ France duty—End war W/ France King will run affairs not ParliamentKing will run affairs not Parliament By 1763 all political power comes from kingBy 1763 all political power comes from king
Albany Conference1754 IroquoisNation remain neutral
French & Indian WarFrench & Indian WarSeven Years WarSeven Years War
Who will control Ohio ValleyWho will control Ohio Valley Albany Conference 1754 Iroquois Nation
remain neutral in conflict 1763—War ends, English victory1763—War ends, English victory Treaty does Treaty does NOTNOT allow English colonists allow English colonists
past Appalachian mountains—past Appalachian mountains—Proclamation Proclamation Line of 1763Line of 1763
Sound decision—colonists had NO Sound decision—colonists had NO protectionprotection
1765—England’s treasury depleted1765—England’s treasury depleted Read hand out: How do they plan on getting Read hand out: How do they plan on getting
$?$? Does this work?Does this work? What do colonists in America think?What do colonists in America think? What does England do?What does England do?
Complete OrganizerComplete Organizer
Sons of LibertySons of Liberty
Revolutionary OrganizationRevolutionary Organization Sam Adams & James Otis leadersSam Adams & James Otis leaders Masters of propagandaMasters of propaganda Use violence to get your point acrossUse violence to get your point across Tar and feathered tax collectorsTar and feathered tax collectors Set up boycotts of taxable goodsSet up boycotts of taxable goods
What’s going on!!!!What’s going on!!!!
Who has authority to make tax law?Who has authority to make tax law? Popular sovereignty vs. Royal sovereigntyPopular sovereignty vs. Royal sovereignty Stamp & Townsend acts—Colonists not Stamp & Townsend acts—Colonists not
opposed to taxation—just want a say in it opposed to taxation—just want a say in it George III repealed both—he did not have George III repealed both—he did not have
toto
Boston MassacreBoston Massacre
March 1770—British troops stationed in March 1770—British troops stationed in BostonBoston
Crowd gathers around armyCrowd gathers around army Snowballs w/rocks thrown at soldiersSnowballs w/rocks thrown at soldiers Shots fired—5 civilians dead, 8 woundedShots fired—5 civilians dead, 8 wounded Crispus Attucks 1Crispus Attucks 1stst to die to die
Boston MassacreBoston Massacre
Citizens of Boston furious. Sons of Liberty Citizens of Boston furious. Sons of Liberty fuel the flamesfuel the flames
English repeal Townshend Acts (except tax English repeal Townshend Acts (except tax on tea)on tea)
Soldiers go on trialSoldiers go on trial John Adams represents British soldiersJohn Adams represents British soldiers Wins caseWins case Boston quite for next 3 yearsBoston quite for next 3 years
Gaspee AffairGaspee Affair
Read the 3 paragraphs on page 127. Briefly Read the 3 paragraphs on page 127. Briefly describe what occurred in June 1772, and describe what occurred in June 1772, and what the colonists created as a result. what the colonists created as a result.
Boston Tea PartyBoston Tea Party
Tea PartyTea Party
1773—king alters the tax on tea1773—king alters the tax on tea Tax has to be paid on tea prior to it being soldTax has to be paid on tea prior to it being sold Any tea not sold in 20 days, becomes property of Any tea not sold in 20 days, becomes property of
British gov’tBritish gov’t Ship arrives in Boston port, Sons of Liberty will not Ship arrives in Boston port, Sons of Liberty will not
let it unloadlet it unload Sons of Liberty decides to destroy tea rather than Sons of Liberty decides to destroy tea rather than
allow it to become British propertyallow it to become British property The ships captain has insurance; no lose to himThe ships captain has insurance; no lose to him No property other than tea damagedNo property other than tea damaged
Coercive ActsCoercive ActsIntolerable Acts Intolerable Acts
Enforce British will, punish coloniesEnforce British will, punish colonies June 1June 1stst 1774—Boston closed until tea paid 1774—Boston closed until tea paid
forfor Raise troop strength to 10,000Raise troop strength to 10,000 Troops quartered in private homes until Troops quartered in private homes until
barracks can be built (at towns expense)barracks can be built (at towns expense) All trials would be held in EnglandAll trials would be held in England
By winter residents of Boston burning By winter residents of Boston burning furniture for warmthfurniture for warmth
1774 Continental Congress1774 Continental Congress meets; only meets; only Georgia does not send delegatesGeorgia does not send delegates
Nothing accomplished except to set up 2Nothing accomplished except to set up 2ndnd meetingmeeting
Lexington & ConcordLexington & Concord
On On April 15April 15, 1775, The royal governor of , 1775, The royal governor of Massachusetts, General Thomas Gage, Massachusetts, General Thomas Gage, ordered 700 British soldiers, to ordered 700 British soldiers, to seize the seize the colonists' military storescolonists' military stores in Concord in Concord
Troops led by Lieutenant Colonel Francis Troops led by Lieutenant Colonel Francis Smith and Marine Major John PitcairnSmith and Marine Major John Pitcairn
Paul ReverePaul Revere
Sons of Liberty prepared for British offensiveSons of Liberty prepared for British offensive Posted guards along route to ConcordPosted guards along route to Concord “ “1 if by land, 2 by sea” Boston steeple1 if by land, 2 by sea” Boston steeple April 17, signal in steepleApril 17, signal in steeple Paul Revere & William Dawes warn the town Paul Revere & William Dawes warn the town
“British are coming”“British are coming” Revere gets arrested Revere gets arrested Dr. Samuel Prescott makes it all the way to Dr. Samuel Prescott makes it all the way to
ConcordConcord
Major Pitcairn leads his men to LexingtonMajor Pitcairn leads his men to Lexington 3 dozen 3 dozen MinutemenMinutemen are waiting are waiting Shots fired!!!!!!!—8 killedShots fired!!!!!!!—8 killed Minutemen fall backMinutemen fall back British march to Concord—no weapons foundBritish march to Concord—no weapons found March back to Boston—minutemen hit and run March back to Boston—minutemen hit and run
tactics—250 British killed, 90 colonists tactics—250 British killed, 90 colonists WAR HAS BEGUNWAR HAS BEGUN
22ndnd Continental Congress Continental Congress
May 1775 met in PhiladelphiaMay 1775 met in Philadelphia Official gov’t of coloniesOfficial gov’t of colonies
1.1. Seek military alliances—Ben FranklinSeek military alliances—Ben Franklin
2.2. Build armyBuild army
3.3. Select military leader—Washington or Horatio Select military leader—Washington or Horatio GatesGates
4.4. Fight for Dominion Status Fight for Dominion Status
AmericansAmericans
3 million people living in N. America3 million people living in N. America 1/31/3rdrd pro-British Loyalists (Tories) pro-British Loyalists (Tories) 1/31/3rdrd apathetic-did not care apathetic-did not care 1/31/3rdrd Patriots Patriots
AdvantagesAdvantages
British1. Established army & navy2. More manpower3. More supplies4. Established chain of command5. Hessians—German allies
Americans1. Closer to supplies2. Know the land3. Defending their homes4. Superb leadership
StandardStandard
USHC-2.2USHC-2.2 Explain the impact of the Explain the impact of the Declaration of Independence and the Declaration of Independence and the American Revolution on the American American Revolution on the American colonies and on the world at large. (H, P, E) colonies and on the world at large. (H, P, E)
•Two Treatises on Government 1690
•Discounts the divine rights of kings •Purpose of government— PROTECTION of NATURAL RIGHTS
•Life•Liberty—free choice•Property—own propertyJOHN LOCKE
Read page 1064 & create a flow chart explaining Locke’s ideas on government
If government does not protect your rights or becomes corrupt
People create societies for mutual protection—make sure we get natural rights
security
prosperityoppression
persecution
Right of Revolution destroy existing government
Create a new government
Society is a human creation
Common SenseCommon Sense
Written by Thomas Paine (Jan. 1776)Written by Thomas Paine (Jan. 1776) Sold 100,000 copiesSold 100,000 copies Attacked King George III (Tyrant)Attacked King George III (Tyrant) Declare Independence Declare Independence
Declaration of IndependenceDeclaration of IndependenceAn Enlightened DocumentAn Enlightened Document
Ben Franklin, Ben Franklin, Thomas JeffersonThomas Jefferson, John Adams, John Adams Purpose—We want the rest of the world to accept Purpose—We want the rest of the world to accept
U.S.U.S. 11stst sentence lays out the case for Independence sentence lays out the case for Independence 22ndnd section—Preamble—What is governments job section—Preamble—What is governments job
—All —All menmen are created equal are created equal 33rdrd section—Indictments—what the section—Indictments—what the King of King of
England did England did against natural rightsagainst natural rights 44thth section—Separation dissolves the bond with section—Separation dissolves the bond with
England England
WarWar
Saratoga Oct. 1777, Saratoga Oct. 1777, Turning Point in WarTurning Point in War GeneralsGenerals: Major General John Burgoyne commanded the : Major General John Burgoyne commanded the
British and German force. Major General Horatio Gates and British and German force. Major General Horatio Gates and Brigadier Benedict Arnold commanded the American army Brigadier Benedict Arnold commanded the American army
2,000 American soldiers at Saratoga2,000 American soldiers at Saratoga British pincher movement—Phil., Buffalo, Canada—trap British pincher movement—Phil., Buffalo, Canada—trap
AmericansAmericans British plan falls apartBritish plan falls apart Battle begins— Gates Battle begins— Gates retreats--retreats--Col. Benedict Arnold leads Col. Benedict Arnold leads
troops to victory—HEROtroops to victory—HERO Turning point of warTurning point of war 11stst major victory major victory Franklin in France—AllianceFranklin in France—Alliance
General Burgoyne surrenders to General Gates
British move war to the South—ToriesBritish move war to the South—Tories Start in Georgia head north VICTORIES ALONG COASTStart in Georgia head north VICTORIES ALONG COAST Lord Cornwallis—British commanderLord Cornwallis—British commander Take Savannah, Charleston, moves inland takes CamdenTake Savannah, Charleston, moves inland takes Camden Horatio Gates—American leader in south, Horatio Gates—American leader in south, FIREDFIRED Nathaniel Green sets up army in Western SCNathaniel Green sets up army in Western SC Francis Marion, Daniel Morgan, Sharpshooters Francis Marion, Daniel Morgan, Sharpshooters America controls the west, Cowpens, Kings Mountain, America controls the west, Cowpens, Kings Mountain,
Guilford Courthouse (reading)Guilford Courthouse (reading)
British on the run, headed northBritish on the run, headed north Cornwallis heads to coast—Yorktown, wait Cornwallis heads to coast—Yorktown, wait
for ships to pick up his menfor ships to pick up his men Nate Green from south, Washington from Nate Green from south, Washington from
north, France at seanorth, France at sea TRAPPEDTRAPPED October, 1781 British SurrenderOctober, 1781 British Surrender Treaty of Paris—September 3, 1783 Treaty of Paris—September 3, 1783
America needs a GovernmentAmerica needs a Government Articles of Confederation—Weak Central Gov’tArticles of Confederation—Weak Central Gov’t Maryland last state to ratify March 1, 1781Maryland last state to ratify March 1, 1781 Once a year each state sends delegation to CapitalOnce a year each state sends delegation to Capital RightsRights
Declare warDeclare war Raise armyRaise army Sign treatiesSign treaties
Could not impose taxes, or regulate tradeCould not impose taxes, or regulate tradeHow do you pay an army with no $?How do you pay an army with no $?
G. Washington “I see one head turning into thirteen” G. Washington “I see one head turning into thirteen”
IdentificationsIdentifications
Period of Neglect George IIIPeriod of Neglect George IIIFrench & Indian War Townshend ActFrench & Indian War Townshend Act Proclamation Line of 1763 SaratogaProclamation Line of 1763 SaratogaStamp Act 1Stamp Act 1stst & 2 & 2ndnd Continental Congress Continental CongressBoston Massacre Sons of LibertyBoston Massacre Sons of LibertyPropaganda Boston Tea PartyPropaganda Boston Tea PartyCoercive Acts / Intolerable Acts Minutemen Coercive Acts / Intolerable Acts Minutemen Lexington & Concord Nathaniel GreenLexington & Concord Nathaniel GreenDeclaration of Independence Daniel MorganDeclaration of Independence Daniel MorganFrancis Marion YorktownFrancis Marion YorktownLord CornwallisLord Cornwallis