Revolution Brings Reform Revolution Brings Reform and Terrorand Terror

Chapter 23.2Chapter 23.2

Setting The StageSetting The Stage

• Peasants were not the only ones to have the Great Fear.

• Nobles and Clergymen feared French society also and responded to the uprisings in an emotional late-night meeting called the National Assembly.

• The National Assembly adopted a Declaration of the Rights of Man.

Declaration Of The Rights of ManDeclaration Of The Rights of Man

• Reflected the Enlightenment

• Men are born and remain free.

• Have equal rights.

• Freedom of speech and religion.

• Liberty, Equality, Fraternity, became the slogan of the revolution.

Rights Still Did Not Apply To Rights Still Did Not Apply To WomenWomen

• Olympe de Gouges, 1948-1973.

• Journalist, Playwright.

• Wrote “Declaration of the Rights of Women and the Female Citizen.

Louis the XVI Louis the XVI

The ruler at this time is Louis the XVI.With all the unrest he tries to escape.He is caught at the French border and

brought back. Recognized from his portrait on some

paper money.

Conflicting Goals Cause DivisionsConflicting Goals Cause Divisions

• National Assembly argued over a new constitution for 2 years.

• 1791 new constitution completed.

• There was a Limited Monarchy.

• Legislative Assembly had the power to create law.

Different Factions Split FranceDifferent Factions Split France• Despite new government, old problems

still arose.• Wanted more freedom, equality and

bread.• Government still had huge debt. • This caused the Revolution’s leaders to

turn against each other

Legislative Assembly Now Has 3 Legislative Assembly Now Has 3 GroupsGroups

• Radicals

• Moderates

• Conservatives

RadicalsRadicals

– Sat on the left sideSat on the left side of the hall; were called left wing and said to be on the left.

– Opposed the king and the idea of Opposed the king and the idea of monarchy.monarchy.

– Wanted sweeping changes in government and proposed that common people have proposed that common people have full power in the republic. full power in the republic.

ModeratesModerates

• Sat in the centerSat in the center of the hall an were called centristscalled centrists.

• Wanted some changes in governmentWanted some changes in government, but not as many as the radicals.

ConservativesConservatives

– Sat on the right sideSat on the right side of the hall; were called right wing.

– Upheld the ideaUpheld the idea of a limited monarchy.monarchy.– Wanted few changes in governmentWanted few changes in government,

The Most Extreme Groups The Most Extreme Groups

• Émigre’s (belongs to Conservative group)

• Sans Culottes (belongs to Radicals)

Emigres Emigres

– The nobles and others who fled France during the peasant uprising.

– Hoped to undo the revolution and restore the Old Regime’.

– On the far right

Sans-CulottesSans-Culottes

– On the far left– Those without knee breeches.– Wore trousers/pants unlike the upper class.– They were Parisian wage earners and small

shop keepers, who wanted a greater voice in government, lower food prices and an end to food shortages.

Sans CulottesSans Culottes

Sans-culottes? Yes or No Sans-culottes? Yes or No

•

War and Extreme MeasuresWar and Extreme Measures• Other European monarchs are afraid of the

changes taking place in France, and worried that peasant revolts would break out in their own countries

• European monarchs support Louis XVI, and propose that France put Louis back on the throne

• France declares war on Austria.• Prussia joins Austria and invades the poorly

equipped France.• Prussian commanders threaten to destroy Paris

if revolutionaries harm any member of the royal family.

• This infuriates Parisians!!!

July 25, 1792July 25, 1792

• Royal palace is invaded by Parisian revolutionaries.

• The kings guards are massacred.

• Louis, Marie Antoinette, and their children are imprisoned

Louis XVI and Marie AntoinetteLouis XVI and Marie Antoinette

• In 1792, mobs are the real rulers of the country.

• Faced with threat of Parisian radicals, the Legislative Assembly gives up the idea of limited monarchy.

• A new legislature votes to execute the king.

The National ConventionThe National Convention

• Met in Paris on September 21 and quickly abolished the monarchy and declared France a republic.

• The delegates reduced King Louis role to that of prisoner, found him guilty of treason and sentenced him to death by guillotine.

• Louis XVI saying goodbye to his children

The GuillotineThe Guillotine

• Notice the color? It was intentionally red- the color of blood

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EnnNueXuRXs

Marie Antoinette Faces DeathMarie Antoinette Faces Death

• Nine months after her husband's execution, Marie Antoinette was herself tried, convicted of treason, and executed by guillotine on 16 October 1793.

• As she approached the scaffold, she accidently stepped on the executioner’s foot. Her last words were "Monsieur, I beg your pardon."

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0-3xueFQjJ4

As Terror Grips FranceAs Terror Grips France

Dozen of leaders struggle for power.Dozen of leaders struggle for power.Maximilien Robespierre slowly gathers Maximilien Robespierre slowly gathers control in his hands. He tries to build a control in his hands. He tries to build a

Republic of virtue.Republic of virtue.

Reign of Terror ContinuesReign of Terror Continues• Maximilien created

the Committee of Public Safety.

• Was it really a Committee of Public Safety?

• He decide who was an enemy or friend of the state, often times trying the person in the morning and sending them to the guillotine in the afternoon.

Facts of the Reign of TerrorFacts of the Reign of Terror

• Lasted for 10 months• The guillotine was sometimes referred as

Madame Guillotine, or National Razor• Death toll estimates from 16,000 to 40,000• At the height of the Terror, 50 people were being

executed each day!• Some reasons for execution? A bartender

served sour wine, and another young man chopped down a tree planted in the name of Revolution.

End of the Reign of TerrorEnd of the Reign of Terror

• By July 1794, members of the National Convention knew that none of them would be safe from Maximilien Robespierre and turned on him.

• He was sent to the guillotine!

• The following year moderate leaders drafted a plan for the government (3rd since 1789).

• Power placed firmly into the hands of the upper middle class.

DirectoryDirectory

The plan called for a two-house The plan called for a two-house legislation and an executive body of 5 legislation and an executive body of 5

men know as the Directory. men know as the Directory.

The directory found the right general The directory found the right general to command Frances armies. His to command Frances armies. His name was Napoleon Bonaparte.name was Napoleon Bonaparte.

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=endscreen&v=l9HkWlgv3g8&NR=1

A crazy story about Louis XVI’s A crazy story about Louis XVI’s sonson