REVOLUȚA INDUSTRIALĂ

8/17/2019 REVOLUȚA INDUSTRIALĂ

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PENCEA MARIA – DENISAGRUPA 105ANUL I Marketing

REVOLU A INDUSTRIALĂ (100!1"50# Ț

E$a%&at' n 100 %a )*5 +i%i,ane* -,-&%a.ia Ang%iei a /re/&t %a" +i%i,ane n 1)0 i %a -ete 2 +i%i,ane n 1"0* %a /are ea3'&ga& 4 +i%i,ane n Ir%an3a

Re/en'+6nt&% -,-&%a.iei 3in 1"01 in3i/a -entr& Regat&% Unit a%

Marii 7ritanii i Ir%an3ei , -,-&%a.ie 3e 1) +i%i,ane* iar n an&%1"81* a/eata a a9&n %a 80*" +i%i,ane

S-,r&% 3e+,gra:i/ /,ni3era;i% a aig&rat , -ia.' intern' 3e +ari-r,-,r.ii i , &r' i+-,rtant' 3e :,r.' 3e +&n/' /& -,n3ere3e,e;it' a /ateg,rii%,r 3e $6rt' t6n'r'

T,t,3at'* e% a atra 3&-' ine /' n&-re>enta 3e,e;iri een.ia%e :a.' 3e /e%e%a%te .'ri 3in Vet&%E&r,-ei

Ea e -ra/ti/a /& te


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?n/e-e -r,/e&% 3e r'-6n3ire* n Ang%ia* a &n,r n,i +et,3eagr,teentat 3e-,e3area 3e -'+6nt a.'rani%,r* -rin r'/&+-'rare a& $i,%en.'

A/t&% 3e +-re9+&ire e a/,r3a 3e /'tre Par%a+ent* iar /e% /are

a-ira %a &n ae+enea 3,/&+ent tre;&ia ' :a/' 3,$a3a /' 3i-&ne3e &+e%e ne/eare -entr& $a%,ri:i/area agri/,%' a ntregii&-ra:e.e +-re9+&iteTre;&ie re+ar/at i :a-t&% /' ite+&%;an/ar eng%e> era &:i/ient 3e 3e>$,%tat n e-,/' -entr& a r'-&n3e/& -r,+-tit&3ine ne$,ii 3e /re3it a agri/&%t,ri%,r /are 3i-&nea& 3ea/te 3e +-re9+&ire

?n a 3,&a 9&+'tate a e/,%&%&i a% =VIII!%ea a& :,t a-r,;ate3e /'tre Par%a+ent -ete 4400 3e ae+enea a/te* -rin /are /ir/a H+i%i,ane 3e a/ri 3e -'+6nt a& :,t +-re9+&i.iE:e/te%e -r,/e&%&i3e +-re9+&ire a& :,t ra-i3e i !a& :'/&t i+.ite n 3&;%& en


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?n -ri+&% en* /e% e/,n,+i/* +-re9+&iri%e a& -er+i :,r+area3e +ari :er+e* -rin /,+aarea -'+6nt&ri%,r i a3,-tarea 3e+et,3e tiin.i:i/e* -re/&+ i ,;.inerea &nei -r,3&/.ii /& +&%t +ai

+are ?n /e% 3e!a% 3,i%ea en* /e% ,/ia%* +-re9+&iri%e a& gr';ittrati:i/area ,/ia%' i -,%ari>area -r,-riet'.ii :&n/iare

De$in :,arte n&+er,i +arii %ati:&n3iari* 3i-are /%aa +i9%,/ier&ra%'* iar .'ranii e@-r,-ria.i a& %i-i.i 3e /6+-&ri%e /,+&ne $,r3e$eni :ie +&n/it,ri agri/,%i* :ie +6n' 3e %&/r& ie:tin' -entr&

in3&tria te@ti%' n 3e>$,%tare* :ie e+igran.i n A+eri/a

Sa%t&% 3e+,gra:i/ -etre/&t n 3e/&r 3e &n e/,% r&-e e/e* /area$ea& tra3i.ii ne+nate 3e +ai ;ine 3e 3,&' e/,%eA/eat'

r&-t&r' 3e/%anea>'* -e -rin/i-i&% rea/.iei n %an.* &n ir 3e-er:e/.i,n'ri i 3e/,-eriri te


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te@ti%e i r&-e 3e-en3en.a anteri,ar' a a/eteia :a.' 3e /&r&ri%ea-e%,r

A%t:e% -&* a-%i/area +ainii /& a;&ri a %&i B att ete tart&% n

:,r+area in3&triei te@ti%e eng%e>e +,3erne* 3e :a;ri/' i &r;an'

De>$,%tarea in3&triei gre%e antrenea>' /'&t'ri i 3e/,-eriri nin3&tria /$,%tarea in3&triei +eta%&rgi/e* 3,+eni& n /are ait'+ %a3e/,-eriri i -er:e/.i,n'ri ne+nate* /a* 3e e@e+-%& -r,/e3e&%:a;ri/'rii /,/&%&i* 3e /'tre A;ra' :,nta n :ier :,r9a;i% n 1"H*enrK C,rt -er:e/.i,nea>' -r,/e&% 3e -&3%are -rin /are e ,;.ine,.e% a

?n &r+a a/et,r 3e/,-eriri i -er:e/.i,n'ri* 3ar +ai a%e ae@tin3erii a-%i/'rii %,r* +eta%&rgia i /' i ea a/eeai /&r;' a/en3ent'*3e %a 5 +i%i,ane 3e t,ne n 150* %a 10 n 1"00* i %a 1) n 1"82


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O /a&>'* i* n a/e%ai ti+-* e:e/t&% 3e>$,%t'rii +eta%&rgiei* 3ari a $ie.ii e/,n,+i/e n genera%* , /,ntit&ie 3e>$,%tareatran-,rt&ri%,r

?ntr!, -ri+' -eri,a3' a re$,%&.iei in3&tria%e !a& 3e>$,%tat n+,3 3e,e;it tran-,rt&ri%e -e /ana%e

?n a% 3,i%ea 3e/eni& a% e/,%&%&i a% =%=!%ea* Ang%ia 3i-&nea 3e ,re.ea 3e /ana%e 3e /ir/a )H00 k+* /are aig&ra tran-,rt&riie:tine i ra-i3e* -re/&+ i , +are :%&en.' a tra:i/&%&i 3e +'r:&ri*-rin e/%&>e%e i inta%a.ii%e 3e n/'r/are i 3e/'r/are /& /are era&

3,tate S:6rit&% e/,%&%&i a% =VIII!%ea i n/e-&t&% e/,%&%&i a% =%=!%eare-re>int' , -eri,a3' 3e +ari :r'+6nt'ri i /'&t'ri -entr&-er:e/.i,narea &nei n,i :,r+e 3e tran-,rt* a /e%ei -e /a%ea:erat'

Tran-,rt&% -e ine ete /&n,/&t i :,%,it /& +&%t naintea

a/etei -eri,a3e* +ai a%e n 3,+eni&% e@tra/.iei 3e +inere&ri*tra/.i&nea &ti%i>at' :iin3* 3e reg&%'* /ea ani+a%' ?n 120* n&+ai%inii%e in3&tria%e +iniere 3in regi&nea Ne/at%e +'&ra& )00 k+

?n/e-&t&% tra/.i&nii /& a;&ri ete :'/&t 3e :ir+a att i7,&%t,nF&,t 3in S,'* n 15* -ri+a

%,/,+,ti$' /& a;&ri 3in %&+e -entr& /a%e :erat' /& e/arta+entre3&* %,/,+,ti$' /&n,/&t' &; 3en&+irea Tra+ EngineF&,t* %a/,ntr&/.ia /'reia a& -arti/i-at Ba+e att* i%%ia+ M&r3,/< iRi/


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:a;ri/a.ia 3e ,.e% i a +ainii /& a;&r La n/e-&t&% 3e/eni&%&i -atr&a% e/,%&%&i a% =%=!%ea* 3&-' /&+ e a-re/ia>' in %iterat&ra 3e-e/ia%itate

Ang%ia n/are* n &r+a /'r&ia in3&tria 3e$ine ra+&rar&n3i+enta%' a e/,n,+iei i are &n r,% -re/&+-'nit,r n e@-ani&neae/,n,+i/' e@ern'

Re$,%&.ia in3&tria%' n Ger+ania * /a &r+are a %i-ei &nit'.iitata%e* /&n,ate , e$i3ent' r'+6nere n &r+' :a.' 3e Ang%ia

[email protected] +ai +&%t,r tate /& -,-&%a.ie ger+an' /,ntit&ie &n


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?n &r+a a3,-t'rii &nei -&terni/e %egi%a.ii -r,te/.i,nite e3e>$,%t'* 3&-' 1"0* in3&tria grea* /are* -6n' %a :6rit&%e/,%&%&i* , ntre/e n rea%i>'ri -e /ea eng%e>' Meta%&rgia*

/,ntr&/.ii%e 3e +aini* n -e/ia% 3e +ateria% r&%ant* /$,%t'rii i /,n,%i3'rii n$'.'+6nt&%&i te' H4000 k+ n 1"20* a& , +are3enitate n regi&ni%e -&terni/ in3&tria%i>ate* /a et-ia i Sa@,nia* i e a:%'* 3&-' 1")* n -r,-rietatea tat&%&i

C'tre :6rit&% e/,%&%&i a% =%=!%ea i n/e-&t&% e/,%&%&i a% ==!%ea* Ger+ania n/e-e '!i /ree>e &n i+-eri& /,%,nia% -r,-ri&* -rin

ane@'ri 3e terit,rii 3in A:ri/a i Aia


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Re$,%&.ia in3&tria%' in ran.a * 3ei /& tra3i.ii 3e,e;ite nin3&tria +an&:a/t&rier' te@ti%'* /&n,ate , 3e>$,%tare in3&tria%'+,3ern' re%ati$ t6r>ie

Une%e +-re9&r'ri it,ri/e* /&+ &nt +'&ri%e e/,n,+i/e a& /&i+-%i/a.ii e/,n,+i/e %&ate n -eri,a3a re$,%&.iei :ran/e>e* -re/&+ i-ier3eri%e i+ene &+ane i +ateria%e %egate 3e r'>;,aie%ena-,%e,niene* a& n/etinit -r,/e&% 3e +,3erni>are a ;,n,+iei:ran/e>e

La a/etea e -,ate a3'&ga* 3eig&r* i 3i+eni&nea re3&' a

-r,-riet'.ii :&n/iare ti-i/ :ran/e>e* /are n& are :,r.a e/,n,+i/'ne/ear' +,3erni>'rii agri/&%t&rii i re.ine &n eg+ent -rea +are3in -,-&%a.ia a/ti$'

?n a 3,&a 9&+'tate a e/,%&%&i a% =%=!%ea* in3&tria :ran/e>'/&n,ate rea%i>'ri re+ar/a;i%e n 3,+enii 3e $6r: a%e e-,/ii* -re/&+/e%e a%e +eta%&rgiei* ,.e%&ri%,r -e/ia%e* /e n ana+;%& n& -,ate :i /ara/teri>at /a :iin3a/e%a a% &nei .'ri in3&tria%i>ateAgri/&%t&ra -'trea>' r,%&%3,+inant n e/,n,+ie* &r;ani>area ete /'>&t'* iar ntre-rin3eri%ein3&tria%e &nt* n -,r.ie 3e "0* 3e +i/i 3i+eni&ni* e%e a$6n3

ntre 4!5 anga9a.intre-rin3ere

Re$,%&.ia in3&tria%' n R&ia * 3&-' /&+ e a-re/ia>' n%iterat&ra 3e -e/ia%itate* -re>int' &n /a> a-arte 3e 3e>$,%taree/,n,+i/' n -ri$in.a ei* n& t,.i a&t,rii &nt 3e -'rere /' ar :i


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/&n,/&t &n -r,/e 3e in3&tria%i>are +,3ern* n en $et!e&r,-ean* -6n' %a Strat&% -ri+&%&i r'>;,i +,n3ia%

Qar' 3e 3i+eni&ni /,ntinenta%e* /& re&re nat&ra%e i+ene i n

+are -arte ne/&n,/&te n a/ea $re+e* R&ia /&n,ate n a 3,&a 9&+'tate a e/,%&%&i a% =I=!%ea , erie 3e nn,iri

Prin re:,r+a agrar' a3,-tat' n 1")1* .'r'ni+ea ete e%i;erat'3in i,;agie i +-r,-riet'rit'* 3ar a/etea n& e tran:,r+' ntr!,-re+i' a &nei 3e>$,%tari in3&tria%e +,3erne &.in&te* ntr&/6t

+-r,-riet'rirea e :a/e n& in3i$i3&a%* /i %a ni$e%&% ,;ti%,r 'teti*

:a-t /e +en.ine n /,ntin&are :,r.a 3e +&n/' n agri/&%t&r' E@-%,at'ri%e 3e :ier i 3e /'r;&ne 3in ;a>ine%e Jri$,ir,g iD,ne.* -re/&+ i /e%e 3e -etr,% 3in 9&r&% M'rii Ca-i/e &nt :,%,ite:ie -entr& in3&tria +eta%&rgi/'* %egat'* n -rin/i-a%* 3e /erin.e%ear+atei i+-eria%e* :ie -entr& e@-,rt* /&+ ete /a>&% -etr,%&%&i

In3&tria te@ti%' /&n,ate* 3e ae+enea* &ne%e /reteri* -rin

3e>$,%tarea 3e +ari :a;ri/i* %a Peter;&rg* M,/,$a a* /are-re%&/rea>' ;&+;a/&% 3in >,ne%e &3i/e Statiti/i%e e-,/ii/,ne+nea>'* -entr& an&% 1200* &n n&+'r 3e 3,&' +i%i,ane 3e+&n/it,ri a%aria.i

Deig&r* +&%t n /i:r'*a;,%&t'* 3ar :,arte -&.in ra-,rtat %a-,-&%a.ia R&iei* /are era 3e /ir/a 10 +i%i,ane

C'i%e :erate /&n,/ i e%e , 3e>$,%tare ne+nat'* n a 3,&a 9&+'tate a e/,%&%&i a% =%=!%ea* %&ngi+ea %inii%,r %,r n&+6n3* n-rag&% -ri+&%&i r'>;,i +,n3ia%* -ete )0000 k+* n /are etein/%&' i , %inie tran/,ntinenta%'* n %&ngi+e 3e "8) k+*ina&g&rat' n 120HC& t,at' 3e>$,%tarea* re.ea&a /'i%,r :erate ete


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in&:i/ient'* 3a/' a$e+ n $e3ere i+enitatea -a.i&%&i ge,gra:i/ itre;&in.e%e e/,n,+i/e 3e -e a/eta

Mai tre;&ie a3'&gat i :a-t&% /' e/arta+ent&% a3,-tat ete +ai

+are 3e/6t /e% e&r,-ean* /eea /e :a/e /a :%&en.a tra:i/&%&iinterna.i,na% ' :ie +&%t ngre&nat'

Pe ;a>a /e%,r ar'tate e -,ate a-re/ia /'* %a n/e-&t&% -ri+&%&ir'>;,i +,n3ia%* R&ia era , .ar' agri/,%' /& in&%e 3e in3&trie

Re$,%&tia in3&tria%a in State%e Unite A%e A+eri/ii State%eUnite A%e A+eri/ii * n +,+ent&% -r,/%a+'rii in3e-en3en.ei era&.'ri -re3,+inant agri/,%e i /& , -,-&%a.ie re%ati$ re3&'

De!a %&ng&% e/,%&%&i a% =%=!%ea* e%e /&n,/ ne+nate:r'+6nt'ri* 3eter+inate 3e /rita%i>area tat&t&%&i -,%iti/*

ntin3erea terit,ria%' i /'&tarea &n&i +,3e% 3e 3e>$,%tare

e/,n,+i/'Ur+are a &nei rate a nata%it'.ii e@tre+ 3e ri3i/at'*-re/&+ i a $a%&ri%,r 3e i+igr'ri* -,-&%a.ia SUA /&n,ate* ntr!&ne/,%* &n a%t &ria* 3e %a H %a 100 +i%i,ane* i ete , -,-&%a.ie-re3,+inant t6n'r'* /eea /e i+-ri+' &n 3ina+i+ 3e,e;it $ie.iie/,n,+i/e?n -%&* -ia.a intern' a SUA e /ara/teri>ea>' -rintr!,+are ,+,genitate* &r+are a /eea /e ,/i,%,gii n&+e/ /re&>et&%a+eri/anF&,t

C& t,ate a/etea* -6n' n -rag&% e/,%&%&i a% ==!%ea* e/,n,+iaSUA &:er' 3e , /r,ni/' %i-' 3e ;ra.e 3e +&n/'* +,ti$ -entr&/are -r,3&/.ia* at6t /ea agri/,%'* /6t i /ea in3&tria%'* are/ara/teriti/i -r,-rii


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?n 3e>$,%tarea e/,n,+i/' a SUA 3e,e;i+* n -rin/i-a%* 3,&'eta-e -ri+a* -6n' %a r'>;,i&% 3e e/ei&ne* n /are e/,n,+ia e3e>$,%t' n re%ati$' 3e-en3en.' :a.' 3e :,ta +etr,-,%'* i a 3,&a*

3&-' a/eta* /6n3 ea i g'ete -r,-ri&% 3r&+ i rit+ 3/3e>$,%tare

?n een.'* 3e>$,%tarea e/,n,+i/' a SUA n/e-e /& agri/&%t&ra*3,+eni& n /are :erti%itatea e@/e-.i,na%' a teren&ri%,r $irgine ii+enitatea -a.i&%&i ge,gra:i/ &nt :a/t,ri :a$,ri>6n3 -entr&/&%t&ra /erea%e%,r i /reterea ani+a%e%,r* 3ei /&/erirea $et&%&i e3,$e3ete a :i , rea%itate e@tre+ 3e a-r'

Pr,3&/.ia agri/,%' re-re>int' ;a>a 3e +aterii -ri+e -entr&-r,3&/.ia a%i+entar'* /are n :a>a ei 3e n/e-&t ete /,n/entrat' n

9&r&% ,ra&%&i Care* a -ri+e%,r %egi antitr&t

De/,-erirea -etr,%&%&i* %a 9&+'tatea e/,%&%&i tre/&t* i+-ri+'$ie.ii e/,n,+i/e a SUA &n rit+ i 3ire/.ii -r,-rii 3e 3e>$,%tare


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Pr,/e&% 3e in3&tria%i>are n SUA e 3e:',ar' a//e%erat i /&re>&%tate /are n3re-t'.e/ i /,n:in.e/ -,>i.ia %,r :r&nta' nierar


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