Revision Tutorial Revision Tutorial Integrated Science 2B: Integrated Science 2B:

WaterWater

Revision Tutorial Revision Tutorial Integrated Science 2B: Integrated Science 2B:

WaterWaterReport Writing Task

Exam Hints

Report Writing Task Exam Hints

Report writingReport writingReport Essay

Presents information Presents an argument

Table of contents and numbered pages

No contents page

Uses numbered headings and subheadings

Minimal subheadings if any

Uses short concise paragraphs and dot points where applicable

Links ideas into cohesive paragraphs, rather than breaking down into dot points

Graphics used (illustrations, tables, graphs)

No illustrations

References required References required

Report FormatReport Format

Title Page Contents Report information

Headings and subheadings Graphics titled Dot points where relevant

Bibliography

Title Page Contents Report information

Headings and subheadings Graphics titled Dot points where relevant

Bibliography

MarksMarks

Use note taking sheets with headings drawn from the task sheet

Check the marking guide Complete all aspects Use the report format described Add titles to graphics Reference correctly at least 2 more

sources; 1 online and 1 using text/book Hand in notes, report, bibliography

Use note taking sheets with headings drawn from the task sheet

Check the marking guide Complete all aspects Use the report format described Add titles to graphics Reference correctly at least 2 more

sources; 1 online and 1 using text/book Hand in notes, report, bibliography

Exam hintsExam hints

Semester 2 only - Water topic

water importance & properties aquatic ecosystems water resources & sustainability experimental design

Semester 2 only - Water topic

water importance & properties aquatic ecosystems water resources & sustainability experimental design

Exam formatExam format

2 Hour paper Multiple choice Short Answer (6 questions) Extended Answer (2 parts with an

environmental problem and experimental design component)

2 Hour paper Multiple choice Short Answer (6 questions) Extended Answer (2 parts with an

environmental problem and experimental design component)

propertiesproperties

Covalent bonding Hydrogen bonding Polarity Soluble, insoluble,

immiscible Cohesive Adhesive Capillary action

Covalent bonding Hydrogen bonding Polarity Soluble, insoluble,

immiscible Cohesive Adhesive Capillary action

Surface tension Density Salinity

Surface tension Density Salinity

ecosystemsecosystems

Osmosis Hypertonic,

hypotonic, isotonic Osmoconformer

and osmoregulator Eutrophication Bioaccumulation Non biodegradable Biomass

Osmosis Hypertonic,

hypotonic, isotonic Osmoconformer

and osmoregulator Eutrophication Bioaccumulation Non biodegradable Biomass

Food pyramids and webs

Turbidity Photosynthesis Respiration Plankton Trophic

Food pyramids and webs

Turbidity Photosynthesis Respiration Plankton Trophic

water resources & treatment

water resources & treatment

Sedimentation Aeration Coagulation Flocculation alum Disinfection B.O.D Reverse osmosis

Sedimentation Aeration Coagulation Flocculation alum Disinfection B.O.D Reverse osmosis

Distillation Deionisation

Distillation Deionisation

Skills Graphing (LUST) Calculations solution concentrations Explaining scientific concepts

Skills Graphing (LUST) Calculations solution concentrations Explaining scientific concepts

Experimental designExperimental design

Independent Variable : manipulated variable being investigated. It is changed in the experimental setup

Dependent Variable : responds to the changes made to the independent variable

Controlled Variables : specify (quantitate) all variables being controlled to prevent an effect

Hypothesis : states how the dependent variable will change in response to the independent variable

Independent Variable : manipulated variable being investigated. It is changed in the experimental setup

Dependent Variable : responds to the changes made to the independent variable

Controlled Variables : specify (quantitate) all variables being controlled to prevent an effect

Hypothesis : states how the dependent variable will change in response to the independent variable

Design an experiment…Design an experiment…

Write a method which states specifically how to conduct the experiment.

The method describes what to change, what to measure and record for results and how to control all other variables.

You will not get sufficient marks if you just list the different types of variables. This is a planning tool for you to write the method.

Write a method which states specifically how to conduct the experiment.

The method describes what to change, what to measure and record for results and how to control all other variables.

You will not get sufficient marks if you just list the different types of variables. This is a planning tool for you to write the method.

EXAMPLEEXAMPLE

Design an experiment to investigate if diameter affects capillary action…

Design an experiment to investigate if diameter affects capillary action…

methodmethod

1. Add 1cm of coloured water at room temperature to a petri dish.

2. Hold a hollow glass tube with a 1mm diameter in the water and measure the maximum height the water level reaches inside the tube. Record the measurement.

3. Conduct 2 more trials with the 1mm tube4. Repeat the steps 2 and 3 with tubes of

diameter 2mm and 5mm.

1. Add 1cm of coloured water at room temperature to a petri dish.

2. Hold a hollow glass tube with a 1mm diameter in the water and measure the maximum height the water level reaches inside the tube. Record the measurement.

3. Conduct 2 more trials with the 1mm tube4. Repeat the steps 2 and 3 with tubes of

diameter 2mm and 5mm.

diagramdiagram

Petri dish 1cm coloured water

Glass tubing

expected resultsexpected results

Height of the water inside the tube decreases as the tube gets larger

Height of the water inside the tube decreases as the tube gets larger

Tube diameter Maximum height of water (mm)

Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3 Average

1mm

2mm

5mm

EutrophicationEutrophication

Excess nutrients (phosphates and nitrates)

Sources Fertilisers in runoff Detergents Sewage Organic matter

Promote plant growth, especially algae Increased population of algae

Excess nutrients (phosphates and nitrates)

Sources Fertilisers in runoff Detergents Sewage Organic matter

Promote plant growth, especially algae Increased population of algae

……

Large numbers of dead algae Dead organisms are broken down

by bacteria Increase in bacterial population -

excess food source Bacteria need to respire, therefore

require oxygen

Large numbers of dead algae Dead organisms are broken down

by bacteria Increase in bacterial population -

excess food source Bacteria need to respire, therefore

require oxygen

……

Lots of bacteria, lots of respiration, lots of oxygen used, oxygen obtained from the water

Decrease in dissolved oxygen content of water

Fish kills due to chocking of waterway (chocking = removal of oxygen)

Lots of bacteria, lots of respiration, lots of oxygen used, oxygen obtained from the water

Decrease in dissolved oxygen content of water

Fish kills due to chocking of waterway (chocking = removal of oxygen)

What causes the reduction in dissolved oxygen in eutrophication?

What causes the reduction in dissolved oxygen in eutrophication?

BioaccumulationBioaccumulation

Higher trophic levels can accumulate heavy metals, insecticides and pesticides … why does this occur?

Higher trophic levels can accumulate heavy metals, insecticides and pesticides … why does this occur?

……

Compounds are not biodegradable They do not breakdown but are

retained in the organisms body Higher trophic level organisms

consume many of the organisms below them

In doing so they retain all of the non-biodegradable material within that organism and it builds up

Compounds are not biodegradable They do not breakdown but are

retained in the organisms body Higher trophic level organisms

consume many of the organisms below them

In doing so they retain all of the non-biodegradable material within that organism and it builds up

Exam PreparationExam Preparation

Review syllabus (unit handout) Review classwork and seek

additional information (internet) Write study notes, prepare

summaries, concept maps, flash cards

Memorize relevant material Practice questions

Review syllabus (unit handout) Review classwork and seek

additional information (internet) Write study notes, prepare

summaries, concept maps, flash cards

Memorize relevant material Practice questions