Page 1
Revision Summary for Sections 5 - 7.
Answer the questions from the text to start with. When you have done that once go through them without
any prompts.
Page 2
What made homesteading on the
Plains so difficult?
Page 3
No wood for fuel or housing, extreme climate, no water,
hard land, fires and insects.
Page 4
What were the special features of dry
farming?
Page 5
Turkey Red Wheat, wind pumps, the Sodbuster plough and ploughing in
rain or snow.
Page 6
Discuss the technological advances that helped the Plains
homesteaders.
Page 7
Corn planters, wind pumps,
barbed wire and Deere’s plough. Later gangs of labourers with steam driven
machines.
Page 8
Wood was scarce on the Plains. Give three
uses for wood and explain the alternatives used by homesteaders.
Page 9
Building-Sod houses
Fuel- Cattle chipsFencing- barbed
wire
Page 10
Why did the railway companies encourage
homesteaders?
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They wanted customers for their
trains.
Page 12
How did the railway companies solve their
labour problems?
Page 13
They used Chinese worker.
Page 14
Discuss the ethnic mix of Plains
homesteaders?
Page 15
Freed slaves,religious and economic migrants,demobilised soldiers & a small number of Indians.
Page 16
Where and when was the East-West railway
line completed?
Page 17
Promontory Point, Utah in 1869.
Page 18
What event led to the breeding of the Texas
Longhorn?
Page 19
The Americans taking Texas from
the Mexicans.
Page 20
What happened to the cattle population of
Texas during the Civil War?
Page 21
It expanded very quickly; one man’s herd went from180
to 5,000 for example.
Page 22
Name one man who benefited from the explosion in cattle population and explain how he cashed in on his good fortune.
Page 23
The man in the previous answer
was Goodnight. He blazed a trail to the cattle towns
and made a fortune.
Page 24
What piece of technology led to the
great cattle drives and the Beef Bonanza?
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Who made his fortune by building up Abilene? What was special about
Abilene?
Page 27
Joseph McCoy, created Abilene as
the first cattle town in 1867.
Page 28
Discuss the reasons for conflict between Cattle
men and Homesteaders.
Page 29
Cattle crossed land with crops on, and
homesteaders fenced off water.
Page 30
What was ‘Texas Fever’? Why was it a
problem for homesteaders and not
cattle men?
Page 31
A cattle tick (insect) it affected
homesteaders cattle but not the
Longhorn.
Page 32
How did John Iliff change the cattle business?
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He cross bred Longhorns with Herefords for
hardy cattle with more meat.
Page 34
Would you really like to be a cowboy or
cowgirl? Explain your answer.
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You would say yes because….. And list several features of the life (and myth) that are attractive, and no
because….. And list the less pleasant features of life.
Use the “Fred can shout…” mnemonic from the Indian questions
in sections 1 & 2.
Page 36
What special features of the American
quarter horse made it especially good as a
cowboy’s mount?
Page 37
Sturdy and compact. It
manoeuvred well and could travel long distances.
Page 38
Why was the Peacemaker a better
pistol than the Dragoon carried during the Civil
War?
Page 39
The brass cartridges of the peacemaker were more reliable than the cap and ball of
the dragoon.
Page 40
Outline at least three factors that brought an
end to the long trail drives of the Beef
Bonanza.
Page 41
Markets declined.The cattle
overgrazed the range.
Hard winters and droughts killed
many cattle.
Page 42
To what extent was there peace on the Plains before the
arrival of the Whites?
Page 43
Indian tribes had always fought each
other.
Page 44
How had the Cherokees tried to fit into
European ways in Georgia and Texas, and how were they repaid?
Page 45
They used farming, houses and
writing. They were forced out to
Oklahoma, and many died on the
‘trail of tears’.
Page 46
Why did the Indian numbers drop in
California from 100,000 in 1846 to 30,000 in
1851?
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Partly due to fighting but mainly
disease.
Page 48
Discuss the medium and short term causes
of the Santee Sioux war of 1862.
Page 49
Medium term was mainly starvation due to the shortages caused by the
Civil War.Short term was the murder of 5
settlers for a dare and the Little Crow raid.
Page 50
Describe the events at Sand Creek on 29th
November 1864 and what led to them.
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Causes- Starvation led the Cheyenne to raid for food. They mutilated corpses, which outraged whites.
Events- Chivington attacked Black Kettle at Sand Creek. They
massacred and mutilated 300 bodies, but few were warriors.
Page 52
Custer was not the only officer to get himself
and his men massacred by underestimating the Indians. Name another
and describe the circumstances.
Page 53
In 1866 Capt. Fetterman’s force
was destroyed while they were trying to build forts on Indian
land to protect settlers.
Page 54
Why was the Bozeman Trail important to 1) Indians2) Whites?
Page 55
It crossed the main hunting ground of the
Sioux.It joined the River
Platte with the mining towns in
Montana.
Page 56
The second Fort Laramie Treaty of 1868
amounted to the army’s surrender to red
Cloud. Describe the events leading to this
rare victory for the Indians.
Page 57
After Fetterman’s defeat the
Government gave up fighting Indians for a while. It was too costly. They abandoned the forts, which the Indians burnt.
Page 58
Why was reservation life so hard for the
Indians?
Page 59
They could not hunt properly, they
were not given enough food and
were treated badly by the land agents.
Page 60
Name two southern and two northern tribes
involved in the Indian Wars.
Page 61
Southern-Apache & Comanche
Northern-Sioux & Cheyenne
Page 62
Who commanded the army forces in the Sioux campaign in
1876?
Page 63
Sitting Bull was the political leader and
Crazy Horse was the military commander.
Page 64
What happened at the Little Bighorn?
Page 65
Custer and 225 of his men were massacred.
Page 66
Name three cavalry commanders who
learned their trade in the Civil War.
Page 67
Custer, Sherman and Sheridan.
Page 68
What effect did the Civil War have on the
Indians and the treatment of the
Indians by Whites?
Page 69
It had little direct effect, although whites tried to involve them.The shortages caused
by the war led to starvation of the
Indians by reservation agents.
Page 70
Compare the Ghost Dance cult of Wovoka with the similar cult of the 1870s and 1880s.
Page 71
Wovoka’s cult was similar to earlier ones, but he was
non-violent while the others preached
extermination of the whites.
Page 72
Were the events of Wounded Knee of 29th
December 1890 a battle, a massacre or
an act of incompetence?
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A battle because both groups were armed and did fight, a
massacre because a superior white force, that was looking for
trouble wiped out a peaceful group made up mainly of women
and children and incompetent because the incident was not intended by either leader and
could have been avoided.
Page 74
Pick a cowboy film and discuss its relationship to some of the factual
events you have studied.
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If you do this use words like stereotype, myth, heroic, bias and entertainment. Look at who the film was made by and what for.
Check the detail of the film against what you know from
your study.
Page 76
Well done! Getting this far is quite an
achievement. You have got through the American
West Unit.
If you haven’t done the Medicine one try that now. If you have then it is time to go through some of our other revision resources, or maybe
even try a question or two from past papers.