Revised Syllabus of

17.S-[F] SU-02 June-2014-2015 All Syllabus Science Faculty B.Sc. Biotechnology (Optional) Ist to - 3 -

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Revised Syllabus of

B.SC. FIRST & SECOND YEAR

BIOTECHNOLOGY [OPTIONAL]

Semester–I to IV

[ Effective for 2014-15 ]


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General Outline of courses/papersoffered for Degree in B. Sc. Biotechnology

(Optional) (2014-15 onwards)

Sr. No Paper/Course code

Title of the course / Paper Credits Marks

B. Sc. First Year, Semester I

1. I-MBO Microbiology 3 50 2. II-BCB Biomolecules & Cell Biology 3 50 3. III-LC1 Microbiology and Biomolecules 1.5 50

B. Sc. First Year, Semester II

4. IV-GTS Genetics 3 50 5. V-BMT Biomathematics & Biostatistics 3 50 6. VI-LC2 Cell Biology and Genetics 1.5 50

B. Sc. Second Year, Semester III

7. VII-MTB Metabolism 3 50 8. VIII-MOG Molecular Genetics 3 50 9. IX-LC-3 Metabolism 1.5 50 10. X-LC-4 Molecular Genetics 1.5 50

B. Sc. Second Year, Semester IV

11. XI-EBT Environmental Biotechnology 3 50 12. XII-EZY Enzymology 3 50 13. XIII-LC-5 Environmental Biotechnology 1.5 50 14. XIV-LC-6 Enzymology 1.5 50

B. Sc. Third Year, Semester V

15. XV-BPE Bioprocess Engineering 3 50 16. XVI-RDT Recombinant DNA Technology 3 50 17. XVII-LC-7 Bioprocess Engineering 1.5 50 18. XVIII-LC-8 Recombinant DNA Technology 1.5 50

B. Sc. Third Year, Semester VI

19. XIX-MBT Microbial Biotechnology 3 50 20. XX-BIN Bioinformatics 3 50 21. XXI-LC-9 Microbial Biotechnology 1.5 50 22. XXII-LC-10 Bioinformatics 1.5 50


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B.Sc. Biotechnology (Optional) First Year, I & II Semester

B. Sc. First Year, Semester I

Paper I - MBO Microbiology

Credits:3 Marks: 50

Unit: 1 Scope of Microbiology: Microorganisms in human affairs and industry. History of Microbiology:Contributions of Anton van Leeuwenhoek, Joseph Lister, Paul Ehrlich, Edward Jenner, Louis Pasteur, Robert Koch and Alexander Fleming. Prokaryotic Cell: Cell wall. Distinction between cell wall of Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria. Cell membrane, Cytoplasm, nucleoid, endospore, flagella, pili, glycocalyx. Structure of Achaea cell.

Unit: 2 Diversity of Microorganisms: General account of Bacteria, Fungi, Protozoa, Algae and Viruses. Taxonomy: Naming of microorganisms. Contribution of C. Linnaeus, Taxonomy hierarchy, Whittaker’s five kingdom and Carl Woese’s three domain classification system. Classification of bacteria and cyanobacteria: Bergery`s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology. Classification of Fungi and Protistean Algae. Unit: 3 Visualisation of Microorganisms: Principle and structure of Light Microscope, Numerical Aperture, Resolving Power. Magnification. Principle and structure of electron microscope (SEM and TEM). Comparison between light and electron microscope. Preparation and staining of specimens for light microscopy: Fixation, Dyes and simple staining, Differential staining- Gram staining, acid-fast staining, Staining specific structures-negative staining, endospore staining, flagella staining.

Unit: 4 Microbial Nutrition: Common nutrient requirements, Nutritional types of microorganisms, growth factors. Uptake of nutrients by cells. Culture Media: Synthetic or defined media. Commonly used media. Types of Media- Selective, differential and enrichment media. Aseptic Techniques: Disinfection, Sterilization. Cultivation of bacteria, fungi and viruses. Pure culture: Concept of pure culture. Methods of pure culture of microorganisms – Spread plate, streak plate and pour plate.

References: 1. Keshav Trehan Biotechnology, Willey Eastern Ltd. New Delhi, 1990. 2. Alan Wiseman, Principles of Biotechnology, Surrey University press, 1983. 3. General Microbiology by Stanier. 4. Microbiology by Pelzar. 5. General Microbiology Powar and Daginawala. 6. Microbiology and Introduction by TorTora Funke, Case. 7. The world of the cell, Becker, Kleinsmith, Hardin.


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Paper II - BCB Biomolecules & Cell Biology

Credits: 3 Marks: 50

Unit: 1

Chemistry of Living Cell:Cell & its components, various classes of biological molecules & functions, Chemicals inside the cell-Large &small molecules Origin of life: Origin of amino acids, Nucleotides, Urey Miller’s Experiment.

Unit: 2

Amino acid & Protein: Structural classification of amino acids based on R side chain, Structural levels of Proteins, Classification of Proteins based on Composition, Functions of Proteins. Carbohydrates:- General classification of Carbohydrates, Structural Classification of Monosaccharides, Ring formation in Monosaccharides, Mutarotation ,Oligosaccharide Glycosidic bond, Disaccharides (Sucrose,Maltose,Lactose) Polysaccharides (e.g. Starch,Glycogen,Cellulose,Heparin,Pectin), Biological functions of Carbohydrates. Molecules involved in generation of Mechanical Stability: Peptidoglycan, Polysaccharide (Cellulose in Plant).

Unit: 3

Membrane lipid, Definition of lipid. Examples of membrane lipid Phospholipids, Sphingolipid. Membrane models- Overton’s lipid nature of membrane, Langmuir’s lipid monolayer, Gorter and Grendel’s lipid bilayer, Davson and Danielli’s lipid bilayer plus protein sheet, Robertson’s Unit membrane, Singer and Nicolson’s fluid mosaic. Membrane structure- 2D Lipid bilayer, composition of lipid bilayer, asymmetric nature, fluidity, membrane proteins and their function.

Membrane Transport: Movement across membranes- Passive transport: simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion-transporters (uniporters and Cotransporters) and channel proteins. Active transport: Pumps, Group Translocation and Electrochemical Gradients. Protein sorting and intracellular compartments- Vesicular transport; transport of proteins into mitochrondria, Vesicular traffic in the secretory and endocytic pathway

Unit: 4

Structure and Functions of Organelles: Endoplasmic Reticulum, Lysosome, Golgi Complex, Peroxisome (Microbody), Centriole, Mitochondria, Cytoskeleton- microtubules, intermediates filaments, actin filaments, mechanism of muscle contraction, motors and movements, Cilia & Flagella, Nucleus, Cell division& cell cycle: i) Mitosis ii) Cell cycle- a) interphase b) G1 Phase c) G2 Phase d) Mitosis iii) Meiosis

References: 1. Outline of Biochemistry V ed. Conn and Stumpf, John Willey and sons. 2. Biochemistry S.C. Rastogi, Tata Mograw Hill pub. Co, New Delhi. 3. Cell and molecular biology- Arumugham. 4. Cell and molecular biology- De Robertis 5. Cytology genetics and evolution- Agarwal and varma


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6. Cell biology- C.B.Powar

Paper III - LC1 Microbiology and Biomolecules

Credits: 1.5 Marks: 50

1. Basic staining techniques-Monochrome staining, Differential staining Grams staining., Acid fast staining

2. Preparation of nutrient media-Nutrient broth, Nutrient agar, Mac Conkey’s agar. 3. Study of aerobic and anaerobic microflora 4. Study of yeast, fungi. 5. Isolation technique, streak, pour, spread plate. 6. Effect of pH on growth of bacteria. 7. Isolation of alkalophilic, halophilic and thermophilic organisms. 8. Enumeration of bacteria by Breed’s count method. 9. Estimation of amino acid by ninhydrin method. 10. Estimation of protein by Biuret method & Lowry method. 11. Estimation of glucose by DNS method, Benedict’s titrimetric method. 12. Estimation of total carbohydrates by anthrone method. 13. Isolation of egg albumin from egg white. 14. Isolation of cholesterol from egg yolk. 15. Isolation of starch from potatoes. 16. Isolation of casein from milk. 17. Separation of amino acids by paper chromatography. 18. Separation of serum proteins by paper electrophoresis. 19. Separation of plant pigments by TLC.


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B. Sc. First Year, Semester II

Paper IV- GTS Genetics


Unit: 1

Introduction to genetics: Genotype and Phenotype. A brief overview of Mendel’s Laws of Inheritance. DNA as Genetic material- Experimental proof. Structure and types of DNA and RNA. Properties of nucleic acids. Physical Basis of inheritance: Chromosome theory of inheritance. Eukaryotic Chromosome – Macro-molecular Organization. Chromosome types –primary and secondary constrictions. Sat – bodies, Telomeres. Heterochrom at in and Euchromatin and its significance. Ultrastructure of Chromosome – Karyotype and Idiogram. Special types of chromosomes Polytene chromosomes – Salivary gland chromosomes in Drosophila, Lampbrush Chromosomes in amphibian Oocytes & B Chromosomes.

Unit: 2

Sex Linkage: Meiotic behaviour of chromosomes and non-disjunction. Bridges theories of non-disjunction. Sex-linkage in Drosophila. Sex linked genes in Poultry and Moths. Sex related genes in maize. Attached X-chromosome. Linkage: Coupling and repulsion hypothesis. Linkage in maize and Drosophila, Linkage groups, Complete linkage, incomplete linkage, factors affecting linkage – distance, age, temperature, X-rays, etc. Theories of linkage, differential multiplication theory and chromosome theory. Measurement of linkage from T2 Bacteriophage. Cis-Trans arrangement. Linkage maps in Maize and Drosophila.

Unit: 3

Crossing over: Mechanism of crossing over. Cytological theories of crossing over. Germinal and Somatic crossing over. Crossing over in Drosophila, absence of crossing over in male Drosophila. Frequency and percentage of crossing over. Tetrad analysis in Neurospora. Interference and Coincidence. Construction of genetic maps (Drosophila and Maize)

Unit: 4

Chromosomal aberrations:Numerical: Euploidy (Monoploidy, Hap loidy and Polyloidy) Polyploidy – autopolyploidy and allopolyploidy Aneuploidy – Monosomes, Nullisomes, & Trisomes. Structural: Deletions, Duplications, Translocations and Inversions. Evolutionary significance of chromosomal aberrations.

References:

1. Genetics Peter J Russel, The Benjamin/ Qummin publishing Co. 2. Principles of Genetics by Gardner, Siemens. 3. Molecular Genetics by Friefeder. 4. Molecular biology laboratory manual 6th Edn, Cappuccino. 5. Molecular biology and the gene Watson. 6. Genetics. Strickberger M.W. 7. Genetics Goodenough U


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Paper V-BMT Biomathematics & Biostatistics


Unit: 1

Maths: Sets: Definition, Subset. Union, intersection, Venn Diagrams, Complement of a Set, Universal Set,Distributive laws & De Morgan’s Law ( Verification by simple examples no proof is expected product of Sets) Functions:- Definition Graphs of 1) Linear function 2) Power function 3) Quadratic function 4) Periodic function 5) Exponential function. Use of Logarithms for simple problems (Without log tables) Binomial Theorem (Without proof) – Simple Examples

Unit: 2 Limits of a function: Concept of limit, Limit of function at a point, Simple algebraic limits. Derivative/ Differentiation- Derivative of simple algebraic functions. Derivatives of standard Trigometric & Logarithmic functions (without proof) Addition rules, Subtraction rules, Product rule (Treatments only) Integration:- Integration as antidifferentiation, Problems involving simple polynomial functions.

Unit: 3 Biostatistics: Probability: Random Experiment, Sample space, Event, Probability of an Event, Axioms of probability. Measures of central Tendencies: Mean, Calculation of Mean of ungrouped & grouped data Mode & Median of ungrouped data.

Unit: 4 Measures of deviation, Mean deviation & Standard deviation (For Ungrouped Data) Sampling: Types of Sampling- Purposive sampling, Random sampling, Simple sampling & Stratified sampling.

References:

1. Introduction to Mathematics for Life Science-E.Batschelet, Narosa Publishing house New Delhi,1975(II Edition)

2. Fundamentals of Mathematical Statistics-S.C.Gupta& V.K.Kapur, S. Chand Publication


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Paper VI – LC2 Cell Biology and Genetics

Credits:1.5 Marks: 50

1. Study of epidermal hair system from different plants 2. Study of stomatal apparatus 3. Study of simple and complex plant tissue system 4. Mitosis and Meiosis using onion root tips 5. Study of Giant Chromosomes 6. Cell wall staining of plant cell 7. Study of cell inclusion starch 8. Study of Cyanobacteria cell with heterocyst 9. Staining the epithelial cell of mouth using Giemsa 10. Testing the viability of spores, tissues using hydrogen peroxide 11. Floral structure of pea plant and Maize/Arabidopsis 12. Temporary squash preparations of Onion flower buds. 13. Study of variations in Pea Plant : Flower Color in Antirrhinum & Mirabilis 14. Computation of mean, mode, median, standard deviation and standard error. 15. Genetic Problems : Multiple alleles 16. Application of Chi-square test, t test and F test


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B.Sc. Biotechnology (Optional) Course Syllabus

B. Sc. Second Year

Semester III

Paper VII-MTB Metabolism


Unit: 1

Catabolism and the generation of chemical energy, metabolic strategies, general principles of intermediary metabolism, regulation of pathways, strategies for pathway analysis. Glycolysis, gluconeogenesis and the pentose phosphate pathway, regulation of glycolysis and gluconeogenesis, the pentose phosphate pathway, discovery of the TCA cycle, steps in the TCA cycle, stereochemical aspects of TCA cycle reactions, ATP stoichiometry of the TCA cycle, the glyoxylate cycle oxidation of other substrates by the TCA cycle, regulation of TCA cycle activity.

Unit: 2

The mitochondria, electron transport chain, oxidative phosphorylation, transport of substrates, Pi, ADP and ATP into and out of Mitochondria, Electron transport and ATP synthesis in bacteria.

Unit: 3

Pigments involved in photosynthesis , photoreduction of NAD+, light reaction in blue green algae and photosynthetic eukaryotes, duel pigment systems, photosynthetic electron transport, efficiency of light reaction, Calvin cycle, efficiency of dark reaction, comparison of photosynthesis in bacteria, blue green algae and eukaryotes. C4pathway for CO2 fixation.

Unit: 04

Metabolism of Fatty Acids: Fatty Acid Degradation, Biosynthesis of Saturated Fatty Acids, Regulation of Fatty Acid Metabolism.

References:

1. Biochemistry by Lubert Stryer 2. Biochemistry by Lehninger 3. Biochemistry by Zubey 4. Comprehensive Biotechnology (Vol. 1-4): M.Y.Young (Eds), Pergamon press, Oxford


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Paper VIII-MOG Molecular Genetics


Unit: 1

Structure of nucleic acid, eukaryotic nuclear genomes, packaging of DNA into chromosome types, pseudogenes and other gene relics, eukaryotic organelle genomes, physical features and genetic content of organelle genomes, the repetitive DNA content of genomes. Tandomly repeated DNA, Transposons, anatomy of prokaryotic genome: Physical structure, operon concept Unit: 2 Genome replication: The issues relevant to genome replication, the topological problem, Watson –Crick scheme of DNA replication, variations in semi-conservative theme, DNA topoisomerae. The replication process: initiation, elongation and termination of replication, the diverse functions of topoisomerase, regulation of Eukaryotic genome replication.

Unit: 3 Pseudogenes, synthesis and processing of Non-coding RNA, introns in eukaryotic pre rRNA and pre tRNA. Processing of Pre-RNA by chemical modification, RNA editing, turnovers of mRNAs. Synthesis and processing of the Proteome: Role of tRNA in protein synthesis, amino acylation and Codon-anticodon interaction. Unit: 4 The genetic code, origin and evolution of Genetic code, ribosome structure, translation, regulation of translation, translation in archea Post-translational processing of proteins, frame shifting, protein folding. Processing by proteolytic cleavage, processing by chemical modification, protein turnover, and degradation of Ubiquittin tagged proteins in the proteasome.

References: 1. Molecular cloning, Sambrook et al, cold spring harbor. 2. Essentials of Molecular Biology, Malacinski and Friefelder Jones and Bartlelt 3. Genomes, T A Brown, John Wiley and sons PTE Ltd. 4. Cell and Molecular Biology, concepts and experiments, Gerald Karp, John Wiley and sons. 5. The cell- A molecular approach, Gm Cooper Asm Press.


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Paper IX-LC-5 Metabolism

Credits:1.5 Marks-50

1. Introduction to measurements: balances and pipetting. Preparation of solutions of given normality and its standardization.

2. pH meter: buffering capacity of a buffer, indicators. 3. To determine the pKa value and hence the Dissociation constant of a given acid by using pH meter. 4. Determination of the amount of a-amino nitrogen by the formol titration method. 5. Colorimetry: To determine dissociation constant of a given indicator, calorimetrically and to

prepare buffer solutions in the pH range of 2.2 to 8.0 6. Spectrophotometry: Double- beam and recording spectrophotometry, derivatives and difference

spectra: Indicators, cytochromes, haemoglobin. To find out the absorption spectrum of a given chromophore and / or oxidized and reduced forms (sodium nitrite and borohydrate). a) Haemoglobin and methemoglobin b) NAD and NADH c) Spectrophotometer absorption spectrum, activity of the fraction.

Paper X-LC-6 Molecular Genetics


1. Study of conjugation in E. coli 2. Study of transduction in E. coli 3. Plasmid gene mapping in E. coli 4. Tns-5 induced mutagenesis in E. coli 5. Study of mutation in E. coli 6. Isolation of plasmid DNA from different type of bacteria by adopting different methods,

purification and calculation of molecular weight of plasmid DNA, plasmid curing (acridine orange, heat shock)

7. Isolation of genomic DNA from bacteria 8. Isolation of Genomic DNA from plant cells / animal cells


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Semester IV

Paper XI-EBT Environmental Biotechnology


Unit: 1

Introduction to Ecology and ecosystem. Environmental pollution (Water, soil and Air), noise and thermal pollution, their sources and effects. Waste water (sewage and industrial effluents) treatments: anaerobic and aerobic treatment, conventional and advanced treatment technology, methanogenesis, methanogenic, acetogenic and fermentative bacteria- technical process and condition, emerging biotechnological processes in waste- water treatment.

Unit: 2

Solid waste management: Landfills, composting, earthworm treatment, recycling and processing of organic residues.

Unit: 3

Biodegradation of xenobiotic compounds, organisms involved in degradation of chlorinated hydrocarbons, substituted simple aromatic compounds, polyaromatic hydrocarbons, pesticides, surfactants and microbial treatment of oil pollution.

Unit: 4

Microbial leaching and mining: Extraction of metals from ores, recovery of metals from solutions, Microbes in petroleum extraction, Microbial desulfurization of coal. Wasteland: Uses and management, bioremediation and biorestoration of contaminated lands.

References:

1. Environmental Microbiology; W D Grant & P E Long, Blakie, Glasgow and London 2. Microbial Gene Technology: H Polasa (ED) South Asian Publishers, New Delhi. 3. Biotreatment Systems, Vol. 22, D L Wise (Ed) CRC Press, INC 4. Standard Methods for the examination of water and waste water (14th Education) 1985. American

Public Health Association


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Paper XII-EZY Enzymology

Credits: 03Marks: 50

Unit: 1

Classification - IUB system, rationale, overview and specific examples. Characteristics of enzymes, enzyme substrate complex. Concept of active centre, binding sites, stereospecificity and ES complex formation. Effect of temperature, pH and substrate concentration on reaction rate. Activation energy. Transition state theory. Enzyme activity, international units, specific activity, turnover number, end point kinetic assay

Unit: 2 Enzyme Kinetics: Michaelis - Menten Equation - form and derivation, steady state enzyme kinetics. Significance of Vmax and Km. Bisubstrate reactions. Graphical procedures in enzymology - advantages and disadvantages of alternate plotting. Enzyme inhibition - types of inhibitors - competitive, noncompetitive and uncompetitive, their mode of action and experimental determination.

Unit: 3

Enzyme Regulation: Product inhibition, feedback control, enzyme induction and repression and covalent modification. Allosteric regulation.

Unit: 4 Immobilized enzymes and cells: Relative practical and economic advantage for industrial use, various methods of immobilization - ionic bonding, adsorption, covalent bonding (based on R groups of amino acids) , microencapsulation and gel entrapment. Immobilized multienzyme systems Biosensors - glucose oxidase, cholesterol oxidase, urease and antibodies as biosensors

References: 1. Enzymes: Dixon and Webb. IRL press. 2. Principles of Enzymology for technological Applications (1993): Butterworth Heinermann Ltd.

Oxford 3. Enzymes in Industry: Production and applications: W Gerhartz (1990), VCH Publishers, New

York. 4. Biocatalyst for Industry: J S Dordrick (1991), Plenum press, New York. 5. Enzyme Technology-M F Chaplin and Bucke, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 6. Fundamentals of Enzymology by Prices and stevens, Oxford Press.


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Paper XIII-LC-7 Environmental Biotechnology

Credits: 1.5 Marks:

50

1. Isolation of rhizosphere microflora 2. Isolation of phylloplane 3. Isolation of actinomycetes from soil 4. Isolation of Rhizobium and Agrobacterium 5. Vessicular Arbuscular Mycorhiza (VAM) 6. Isolation of sporocarp by sieve method 7. Isolation of air microflora- exposure plate method, rotorod sampler method 8. Water Microbiology Testing for quality of water (coliform test), H2S strip method

Paper XIV-LC-8 Enzymology


1. Enzyme assays (LDH, beta galactosidase, acid phosphatase, arginase, succinic dehydrogenase)

2. Effect of time, temperature, and protein concentration on enzyme activity 3. Determination of Km & Vmax 4. Various kinetic plots : use of computer packages for parametric and non- parametric methods

and non-linear regression

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2-[5] B.Sc. Biotechnology Optional III Yr. - 1 -

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Revised Syllabus of

B.SC. III YEAR

BIOTECHNOLOGY

[OPTIONAL ]

Semester–V & VI

[ Effective from 2016-17 & onwards ]


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B. Sc. Third Year

Semester V Paper XV- BPE Bioprocess Engineering

Credit: 03 Marks: 50

1. Introduction: Design of basic fermenter, Bioreactor configuration, design features, individual parts,

baffles, impellers, foam separators, sparger, culture vessel, cooling and heating devices, probes for online

monitoring,. Batch, Continuous and solid state fermentations.

2. Basics of Industrial Fermentation Processes: Screening, physicochemical and biological assays of

fermentation products, inoculum development and various methods of preservation of industrially

important microorganisms such as serial transfers, lyophilization and liquid nitrogen storage. Brief

introduction to different techniques employed for strain improvement.

3. Fermentation Media: Media composition, utilization of cheap natural raw materials employed for

different fermentations (media economics). Different methods of media sterilization control of bacterial and

phage contamination during fermentation. Scale up of fermentations.

4. Downstream Processing: Methods employed for process recovery Viz., Sedimentation, centrifugation,

filtration, precipitation, liquid-liquid extraction, chromatography, membrane process, drying and

crystallization.

References:

1. Baily & Ollis Biochemical Engineering Fundamentals, Tata Mcgraw hill New York.

2. Stanbury & Whittaker Principles of Fermentation technology Pergamon Press, oxford

3. Creuger & Creuger, Biotechnology, A text book of industrial Microbiology, Sinaeur Associates.

4. H.J.Rehm & Reed G, Biotechnology: A comprehensive treatise, VCH

5. L.E. Cassida, Industrial Microbiology Wiley Eastern

6. Applied Microbiology series

7. Veith W.F Bioprocess Engineering kinetics, Mass transport, Reactors, & Gene Expression, John Wiley

& Sons.

8. Atkinsons B Biochemical reactors Pion Ltd, London.

9. Battley, E.H. Energetics of Microbial growth, John Wiley & Sons.

10. Davis , J.E and Demain, A.L- Manual of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology 2nd Edition , ASM,

Publication.


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Paper XVI-RDT Recombinant DNA Technology Credits: 3 Marks: 50 1. Introduction to Recombinant DNA Technology: Definitions, steps in gene cloning, tools and

techniques and applications. Molecular Tools and Applications: Enzymes-Type II restriction

endonuclease, Nucleases, Polymerases, Phosphatases and Kinases, DNA ligases, PCR-Essential features,

design of primers, DNA polymerases for PCR.

Radiolabelling of Nucleic acids: end labeling, Nick translation, labeling by primer extension.

Southern and Northern Hybridization, DNA sequencing-enzymatic method.

Techniques of introducing DNA into cell-calcium chloride transformation & High efficiency

transformation by electroporation, Agrobacterium-mediated transformation, Protoplast transformation,

Particle bombardment

2. Gene Cloning Vehicles: Plasmid vectors for E. coli-pBR322, pUC18, Bacteriophage vectors for E.

coli- λ insertion vectors, λ replacment vectors, M13mp18, Hybrid plasmid / phage vectors, Vectors for

use in Eukaryotic cells- Vectors for plant cell: Ti-plasmid, viral Cauliflower mosaic virus, Binary vectors.

Vectors for animal cell: P elements, SV40. Artificial chromosomes: YACs & BACs.

Cloning strategies- cloning from mRNA, cloning from genomic DNA,

3. Recombinant Analysis and Applications of rDNA technology: Genetic selection and screening

methods- Chromogenic substrates, insertional inactivation, complementation, Screening using nucleic

acid hybridization – Nucleic acid probes, screening clone banks, Immunological screening for

expressed genes, Analysis of cloned genes- in vitro mRNA translation, restriction mapping, blotting

techniques, DNA sequencing

4. Applications of rDNA technology – in understanding genes & genomes, in biotechnology (protein

production & protein engineering), in medicine & forensics, transgenic plants & animals.

References:

1. An introduction to Genetic Engineering –Desmond S T Nicholl, Cambridge university press, 2nd Ed.

2. Watson J.D,. Recombinant DNA: A short Course, Scientific American.

3. Old R.W & Primrose S.B., Principles of Gene manipulations, Blackwell Scientific publications.

4. Ausbel S. M , Brent R, Current Protocols in Molecular Biology., Wiley International New York.

5. Maniatis I, Fritchh E.F, & Sambrook J, Molecular cloning.

6. Winneker From Genes to Clones.

7. Setlow & Hollander A, Genetic Engineering: Principles & Methods, Plenum Press.

8. D.M Glover, DNA cloning, A practical approach.

9. Methods in Enzymology series, vol 152, 185, Academic press inc, Sandiego.


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Paper XVII-LC-7 Bioprocess Engineering Credit -1.5 Marks-50 1. Isolation of industrially important microbes from the environment.

2. Determination of TDP & TDT of microorganisms.

3. Determination of growth curve of a industrial organism & compute substrate degradation profile,

specific growth rate & growth yield.

4. Screening & enrichment for a primary secondary metabolite from the environment.

5. Strain improvement for a higher yield of product

6. Random & strategic screening for a metabolite.

7. Media balancing experiment.

Paper XVIII-LC-8 Recombinant DNA Technology

Credit: 1.5 Marks : 50

1. Study of Conjugation in E. coli, and score for a marker.

2. Generalized Transduction in E. coli using P1 phage.

3. Transduction of tn family and insertional inactivation in E. coli.

4. Phage titration.

5. Gene expression in E. coli

6. Isolation of plasmid from E. coli,

7. Restriction fragment analysis.

8. Transformation of E. coli.

9. Transformation with phage DNA & isolation of lysogens.

10. Isolation of genomic DNA.


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Semester VI Paper XIX-MBT Microbial Biotechnology

Credit: 03 Marks: 50

1. Production of Organic Acid: Citric Acid by Aspergillus niger: Media, raw material, fermentation

conditions, biochemical pathways and regulation of citric acid production, recovery methods and industrial

applications. Fermentation of Antibiotic: Penicillin production inoculum, production media with

precursors, penicillin harvest and recovery.

2. Biosynthesis of Polysaccharides e.g. Dextran: Introduction, functions of polysaccharides, mechanism of

synthesis of dextran by Leuconostoc dextranicum/ Leuconostoc mesenteroides. Recovery and its

applications. Production of Amino Acid: Glutamic Acid production from Corynebacterium, glutamic acid

permeability, fermentation conditions, recovery and applications.

3. Production of Enzyme: Production of fungal and bacterial α- amylase, applications of α- amylase.

Production of Plant Harmones: Gibberlins by Giberella fujikori, media used, culture conditions, recovery

and its applications.

4. Production of Biofertilizers: Production of phosphate solubilizers & nitrogen fixers: media used,

production conditions, product packaging using carrier materials.

Production of Industrial Alcohol: Microorganisms producing ethanol, media used for fermentation,

fermentation conditions and product recovery.

References:

1. Baily & Ollis Biochemical Engineering Fundamentals, Tata Mcgraw hill New York

2. Stanbury & Whittaker Principles of Fermentation technology Pergamon Press, oxford

3. Creuger & Creuger, Biotechnology, A text book of industrial Microbiology, Sinaeur Associates.

4. H.J.Rehm & Reed G, Biotechnology: A comprehensive treatise, VCH

5. L.E. Cassida, Industrial Microbiology Wiley Eastern

6. Applied Microbiology series

7. Veith W.F Bioprocess Engineering kinetics, Mass transport, Reactors, & Gene Expression, John Wiley

& Sons.

8. Atkinsons B Biochemical reactors Pion Ltd, London.

9. Battley, E.H. Energetics of Microbial growth, John Wiley & Sons.

10. Davis , J.E and Demain, A.L- Manual of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology 2nd Edition , ASM

, Publication.


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Paper XX-BIN Bioinformatics Credit : 3 Marks : 50

1. Introduction to Bioinformatics: History of bioinformatics, a brief idea about various biological data

banks (e.g. NCBI), primary sequence databases: Protein sequence data bank, nucleic acid sequence data

banks, Secondary sequence databases and composite sequence databases, search engines- SRS & Entrez.

2. Sequence Alignment & Analysis: Sequence alignment definition and types, sequence analysis using

programs like BLAST, FASTA, multiple sequence analysis using ClustalW, applications of sequence

analysis.

3. Genomics: Definition and brief introduction of: ORF, gene and genome annotation, functional &

comparative genomics. Proteomics: Definition and significance. Primary structure (Primary, secondary,

tertiary & quaternary), Structural Classification (SCOP & CATH), Protein secondary structure prediction

methods: Chou Fasman, GOR, HMM, Protein tertiary structure prediction methods: AB initio, Homology

modeling and threading, Structure Visualization tools: Rasmol & Swiss PDB viewer

4. Applications of Bioinformatics: Genome and proteome analysis using microarray, DNA microarray:

printing oligonucleotides on glass slides, Nitrocellulose paper, application of this microarray in diagnosis,

whole genome analysis using labeled probes, analysis of single nucleotide polymorphism. Protein micro

arrays: proteome analysis by 2D electrophoresis, advantages, uses of this technology Medical informatics,

Human Genome Project and its significance, drug designing brief introduction.

.

References:

1. Baxevanis Bioinformatics: A practical guide to analysis of genes & protein.

2. S.Sunderrajan & Balaji R – Introduction to Bioinformatics, Himalaya Publishing House.

3. Attwood, Introduction to Bioinformatics

4. Claverie, Bioinformatics A Beginner'S Guide

5. S. C. Rastogi, Namita Mendiratta, Parag Rastogi, Bioinformatics: Methods and Applications:

Genomics, Proteomics and Drug Discovery


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Paper XXI-LC-9 Microbial Biotechnology


1. Production of Organic acid by fermentation.

2. Production of Amino acid by fermentation.

3. Antibiotic fermentation- Penicillin

4. Microbial Enzyme production and its characterization.

5. Microbial polysaccharide production.

6. Bioinsecticides isolation purification and assay.

7. Biofertilizers production.

Paper XXII-LC-10 Bioinformatics


1. Exploring public domain databases for nucleic acid (NCBI, EMBL) and protein sequences

(SWISSPROT,

PDB)

2. Database searching for nucleic acid and proteins.

3. Sequence similarity search using BLAST/FASTA and analysis

4. Secondary structure prediction of proteins /enzymes

5. Protein structure prediction by homology modeling and structure evaluation

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