Revised Severe Weather Operation Plan 2012 Brooke Taber 2012 Warm Season Workshop 2 May 2012 Brooke...
-
Upload
lester-reynard-hudson -
Category
Documents
-
view
218 -
download
0
Transcript of Revised Severe Weather Operation Plan 2012 Brooke Taber 2012 Warm Season Workshop 2 May 2012 Brooke...
Revised Severe Weather Operation Plan 2012
Revised Severe Weather Operation Plan 2012
Brooke Taber
2012 Warm Season Workshop
2 May 2012
Brooke Taber
2012 Warm Season Workshop
2 May 2012
2
Motivation/GoalMotivation/Goal
Improve staffing and utilization of workstations during historic events
Updated to include social media and public information officer for improved DSS
Better description of events with previous severe/hydro events reference in staffing models
Improve overall SA with team approach to operations
Improve staffing and utilization of workstations during historic events
Updated to include social media and public information officer for improved DSS
Better description of events with previous severe/hydro events reference in staffing models
Improve overall SA with team approach to operations
3
Severe weather team produced a list of duties and responsibilities associated with pre-storm, during storm, and after storm
Developed Excel spreadsheet, then placed into SWOP staffing charts
Team revised event descriptions with storm write up reference material
Severe weather team produced a list of duties and responsibilities associated with pre-storm, during storm, and after storm
Developed Excel spreadsheet, then placed into SWOP staffing charts
Team revised event descriptions with storm write up reference material
SWOP DevelopmentSWOP Development
4
SWOP GuidelinesSWOP Guidelines
Have flexibility, no two events are similar
Use only as guidance and adjust as the situation or event changes
Beware of warning fatigue and have people potentially rotate working the radar
Place people in areas of their strengths, especially during big events
Have flexibility, no two events are similar
Use only as guidance and adjust as the situation or event changes
Beware of warning fatigue and have people potentially rotate working the radar
Place people in areas of their strengths, especially during big events
5
Staffing Model 4Staffing Model 4NON-SEVERE, CONVECTIVE WEATHER: Minimum Staff =4 Definition: Convection, generally within a synoptic precipitation area. SPC general thunderstorm outlook area. Not severe, not expected to become severe. Small hail possible, locally heavy rain. No watches or warnings for severe weather or flooding would be anticipated. Position Description Workstation Public Forecaster (short term) Creation, updating, and issuance of
NWS ESTF products (AFD, ZFP, Grids, SPS, Web graphics/headline,etc), NWS Chat
LX 2
Aviation Forecaster (long term)
Routine aviation products/long term grids, meso analysis and monitoring radar/hydro trends, SPS, NWS Chat/briefings, phones
LX 1
Radar-1/Hydro
Continuous Radar Watch (Issues warning/follow-ups) Monitoring Hydro
LX 3
Public Service Desk Nowcasts, NWR Operations, making/answering phone calls, along with routine products/social media. Assist in watching radar/hydro trends, Monitor D-Lan, interviews/briefings
LX 5/Public Service Desk Workstation
NON-SEVERE, CONVECTIVE WEATHER: Minimum Staff =4 Definition: Convection, generally within a synoptic precipitation area. SPC general thunderstorm outlook area. Not severe, not expected to become severe. Small hail possible, locally heavy rain. No watches or warnings for severe weather or flooding would be anticipated. Position Description Workstation Public Forecaster (short term) Creation, updating, and issuance of
NWS ESTF products (AFD, ZFP, Grids, SPS, Web graphics/headline,etc), NWS Chat
LX 2
Aviation Forecaster (long term)
Routine aviation products/long term grids, meso analysis and monitoring radar/hydro trends, SPS, NWS Chat/briefings, phones
LX 1
Radar-1/Hydro
Continuous Radar Watch (Issues warning/follow-ups) Monitoring Hydro
LX 3
Public Service Desk Nowcasts, NWR Operations, making/answering phone calls, along with routine products/social media. Assist in watching radar/hydro trends, Monitor D-Lan, interviews/briefings
LX 5/Public Service Desk Workstation
6
Staffing Model 4-5Staffing Model 4-5ISOLATED SEVERE/HYDRO ISSUES: Minimum Staff =4 or 5 Definition: Very disorganized and very isolated severe convection with a low threat to life. SPC general thunderstorm outlook with maybe part of the CWA in a slight risk. A couple of warnings maybe issued for marginally severe hail/wind. Convection is very short lived and pulse like. High CAPE (2000 J/KG)/low shear (0-3km around 15 knots) with limited moisture/triggers. Also, some slow moving storms may cause a few hydro products to be issued. Part of the CWA may be in a watch box. This plan would be utilized frequently during a normal convective season. For example, June 25, 2005 Williston Pulse Severe. Position Brief Description Workstation Public Forecaster (short term) Creation, updating, and issuance of
NWS ESTF products (AFD, ZFP, Grids, SPS, WCN, Web graphics/headline,etc), NWS Chat
LX 2
Aviation Forecaster (long term)
Routine aviation products, long term, SPS watches, NOWs, HWO, Chat/briefings, phones
LX 1
Radar-1/Hydro or Radar-2/Hydro
Continuous Radar Watch (Issues warning/follow-ups) Monitoring Hydro
LX 3 or LX 4
Public Service Desk Social Media, NWR operations, making/ answering phone calls, UCP manipulation, LSR, among routine products, Monitor D-Lan/HAM Radios/briefings/interviews
LX 5/Public Service Workstation
ISOLATED SEVERE/HYDRO ISSUES: Minimum Staff =4 or 5 Definition: Very disorganized and very isolated severe convection with a low threat to life. SPC general thunderstorm outlook with maybe part of the CWA in a slight risk. A couple of warnings maybe issued for marginally severe hail/wind. Convection is very short lived and pulse like. High CAPE (2000 J/KG)/low shear (0-3km around 15 knots) with limited moisture/triggers. Also, some slow moving storms may cause a few hydro products to be issued. Part of the CWA may be in a watch box. This plan would be utilized frequently during a normal convective season. For example, June 25, 2005 Williston Pulse Severe. Position Brief Description Workstation Public Forecaster (short term) Creation, updating, and issuance of
NWS ESTF products (AFD, ZFP, Grids, SPS, WCN, Web graphics/headline,etc), NWS Chat
LX 2
Aviation Forecaster (long term)
Routine aviation products, long term, SPS watches, NOWs, HWO, Chat/briefings, phones
LX 1
Radar-1/Hydro or Radar-2/Hydro
Continuous Radar Watch (Issues warning/follow-ups) Monitoring Hydro
LX 3 or LX 4
Public Service Desk Social Media, NWR operations, making/ answering phone calls, UCP manipulation, LSR, among routine products, Monitor D-Lan/HAM Radios/briefings/interviews
LX 5/Public Service Workstation
For example, June 25, 2005 Williston Pulse Severe
7
Staffing Model 5-6Staffing Model 5-6SCATTERED SEVERE/HYDRO ISSUES: Minimum Staff =5 or 6 Definition: Scattered small-scale organized convection, but low threat to life. Sometimes, within an SPC outlook area for slight risk of severe thunderstorms. Expecting some severe warnings along with the potential for some flooding and associated hydro products to be issued. High CAPE (>2000 J/KG) with some modest shear (0-3km=25 to 30 knots), along with a cold front with some upper level moisture/lift. Convection is pulse with brief winds gust to 60 mph and penny/nickel size hail. Typical severe weather event, occurring 10 to15 times annually (most events). Sectorize by radar or state, or area coverage, east-west. Also, please be thinking about warning fatigue and rotating radar operators, especially during the larger and more complex events, which may extend several forecast periods. For example, August 21, 2011 severe weather event. Position Brief Description Workstation Public Forecaster (short term) Creation, updating, and issuance of
NWS ESTF products (AFD, ZFP, Grids, SPS, WCN, Web graphics/headline,etc), NWS Chat
LX 2
Aviation Forecaster/SWAN Routine aviation products, airport ops briefings, SPS, HWO. Meso-analysis with convective/hydro trends/SA, Chat, Phones
LX 1
Radar/Hydro-1 and (sectorize) Radar/Hydro-2
Continuous Radar Watch (Issues warning/follow-ups associated with severe or hydro)
LX 3 or LX 4
Warning Coordinator Warning Dissemination, Coord. with SPC/EM’s/FEMA, media interviews/briefings, Work event logs, focus on big picture. Monitors convective/hydro trends/SA, NWS chat, phones, organizes storm survey team
LX 4 or LX 6
Public Service Desk Social Media, Nowcasts, NWR operations, making/ answering phone calls, UCP manipulation, LSR, among routine products, monitor Disaster Lan
LX 5/Public Service Workstation
SCATTERED SEVERE/HYDRO ISSUES: Minimum Staff =5 or 6 Definition: Scattered small-scale organized convection, but low threat to life. Sometimes, within an SPC outlook area for slight risk of severe thunderstorms. Expecting some severe warnings along with the potential for some flooding and associated hydro products to be issued. High CAPE (>2000 J/KG) with some modest shear (0-3km=25 to 30 knots), along with a cold front with some upper level moisture/lift. Convection is pulse with brief winds gust to 60 mph and penny/nickel size hail. Typical severe weather event, occurring 10 to15 times annually (most events). Sectorize by radar or state, or area coverage, east-west. Also, please be thinking about warning fatigue and rotating radar operators, especially during the larger and more complex events, which may extend several forecast periods. For example, August 21, 2011 severe weather event. Position Brief Description Workstation Public Forecaster (short term) Creation, updating, and issuance of
NWS ESTF products (AFD, ZFP, Grids, SPS, WCN, Web graphics/headline,etc), NWS Chat
LX 2
Aviation Forecaster/SWAN Routine aviation products, airport ops briefings, SPS, HWO. Meso-analysis with convective/hydro trends/SA, Chat, Phones
LX 1
Radar/Hydro-1 and (sectorize) Radar/Hydro-2
Continuous Radar Watch (Issues warning/follow-ups associated with severe or hydro)
LX 3 or LX 4
Warning Coordinator Warning Dissemination, Coord. with SPC/EM’s/FEMA, media interviews/briefings, Work event logs, focus on big picture. Monitors convective/hydro trends/SA, NWS chat, phones, organizes storm survey team
LX 4 or LX 6
Public Service Desk Social Media, Nowcasts, NWR operations, making/ answering phone calls, UCP manipulation, LSR, among routine products, monitor Disaster Lan
LX 5/Public Service Workstation
For example, August 21, 2011 severe weather event
8
Definition: Scattered to widespread severe/hydro issues, which requires two radars to cover completely. SPC outlook usually will have the CWA in Slight Risk or higher for severe thunderstorms but the threat to life is low. A high CAPE (>2000 J/kg), along with a moderate to high shear (0 to 3km=40 knots) environment. Severe thunderstorm warnings and/or flash flood warnings are issued. Very active weather day with both severe and hydro products issued. Occurs 2 to 5 times a year. Also, please be thinking about warning fatigue and rotating radar operators, especially during the larger and more complex events, which may extend several forecast periods.
Definition: Scattered to widespread severe/hydro issues, which requires two radars to cover completely. SPC outlook usually will have the CWA in Slight Risk or higher for severe thunderstorms but the threat to life is low. A high CAPE (>2000 J/kg), along with a moderate to high shear (0 to 3km=40 knots) environment. Severe thunderstorm warnings and/or flash flood warnings are issued. Very active weather day with both severe and hydro products issued. Occurs 2 to 5 times a year. Also, please be thinking about warning fatigue and rotating radar operators, especially during the larger and more complex events, which may extend several forecast periods.
Staffing Model 6Staffing Model 6
For example, May 9, 2009 (Washington County Tornado)
9
Staffing Model 6Staffing Model 6Position Brief Description Workstation Public Forecaster (short term) Creation, updating, and issuance of
NWS ESTF products (AFD, ZFP, Grids, SPS, WCN, Web graphics/headline,etc), NWS Chat
LX 2
Aviation Forecaster/SWAN Routine aviation products, airport ops briefings, SPS, HWO. Meso-analysis with convective/hydro trends/SA, Chat, Phones
LX 1
Radar/Hydro-Sector 1 Continuous Radar Watch (Issues warning/follow-ups associated with severe or hydro)
LX 3
Radar/Hydro-Sector 2 Continuous Radar Watch (Issues warning/follow-ups associated with severe or hydro)
LX 4
Warning Coordinator/Public Information Officer
Warning Dissemination, Coord. with SPC/EM’s/FEMA, media interviews/briefings, Work event logs, focus on big picture. Monitors convective/hydro trends/SA, NWS chat, phones, organizes storm survey team
LX 6/Ops area
Public Service Desk Social Media, Nowcasts, NWR operations, making/ answering phone calls, UCP manipulation, LSR, among routine products, monitor Disaster Lan, media interviews
LX 5/Public Service Workstation
10
Staffing Model 7Staffing Model 7
WIDESPREAD SEVERE CONVECTION AND OR MAJOR FLOODING (RECORD BREAKING POSSIBLE:
Definition: Widespread severe convection or hydro issues, which requires two radars to cover completely. SPC outlook usually will have the CWA in Slight Risk or greater for severe thunderstorms some threat to life. Convection is widespread with multiple lines, which produces extensive flooding or from a tropical system. A numbers of severe thunderstorm warnings and/or flash flood warnings issued. This staffing model maybe used once or twice a year at most and could be needed for several forecast periods. Also, please be thinking about warning fatigue and rotating radar operators, especially during the larger and more complex events, which may extend several forecast periods.
For example, May 26th-27th Event (widespread flooding) or July 18, 2008 Event (Cambridge Tornado)
WIDESPREAD SEVERE CONVECTION AND OR MAJOR FLOODING (RECORD BREAKING POSSIBLE:
Definition: Widespread severe convection or hydro issues, which requires two radars to cover completely. SPC outlook usually will have the CWA in Slight Risk or greater for severe thunderstorms some threat to life. Convection is widespread with multiple lines, which produces extensive flooding or from a tropical system. A numbers of severe thunderstorm warnings and/or flash flood warnings issued. This staffing model maybe used once or twice a year at most and could be needed for several forecast periods. Also, please be thinking about warning fatigue and rotating radar operators, especially during the larger and more complex events, which may extend several forecast periods.
For example, May 26th-27th Event (widespread flooding) or July 18, 2008 Event (Cambridge Tornado)
11
Staffing Model 7Staffing Model 7Position Brief Description Workstation Public Forecaster (short term) Creation, updating, and issuance of
NWS ESTF products (AFD, ZFP, Grids, SPS, WCN, Web graphics/headline,etc), NWS Chat
LX 2
Aviation Forecaster/SWAN Routine aviation products, airport ops briefings, SPS, HWO. Meso-analysis with convective/hydro trends/SA, Chat, Phones
LX 1
Radar/Hydro-Sector 1 Continuous Radar Watch (Issues warning/follow-ups associated with severe or hydro)
LX 3
Radar/Hydro-Sector 2 Continuous Radar Watch (Issues warning/follow-ups associated with severe or hydro)
LX 4
Warning Coordinator (Facilitator)/Floater
Coord. with SPC/WFO’s, Meso analysis, monitors convective/hydro trends/SA, Chat, fills in where needed/completes event logs, Phones
Operations Area/Cubicle 2
Public Information Officer
Warning Dissemination, EM’s/FEMA, media interviews/briefings, NWS chat/D-LAN, Phones, organizes storm survey team
LX 6
Public Service Desk Social Media, NWR operations, making/ answering phone calls, UCP manipulation, LSR, among routine products, monitor Disaster Lan, media interviews/RER info
LX 5/Public Service Workstation
12
Staffing Model 8Staffing Model 8EXTREME SEVERE/HYDRO ISSUES (HISTORIC):
Definition: Organized, widespread, severe convection and hydro issues. Life threatening scenario with supercell storms, tornadoes, derecho, or a tropical system, with widespread historic flooding. SPC outlook has most of the CWA in moderate to high risk or highlighted in heavy rain potential. Also, expecting multiple thunderstorm/tornado watch boxes with numerous warnings. A historic event with widespread and significant damage, with numerous severe and hydro products issued. Briefings and damage surveys could last for weeks during the clean-up process. These events occur once every 5 to 10 years and this staffing model would not be used very often.
For example, Hurricane Irene on August 28, 2011.
13
Staffing Model 8Staffing Model 8Position Brief Description Workstation Public Forecaster (short term) Creation, updating, and issuance of
NWS ESTF products (AFD, ZFP, Grids, AFM, PFM, Etc, Web Graphics/headline, WCN)
LX 2
Aviation Forecaster/SWAN Routine aviation products,, monitoring hydro trends, SPS, HWO. Monitor convective/hydro trends/SA, Chat, Phones
LX 1
Public Information Officer
EM’s/FEMA, and media interviews/briefings, NWS chat/D-LAN, RER info, Phones
LX 6
Radar/Hydro-Sector 1 Continuous Radar Watch (Issues warning/follow-ups associated with severe or hydro)
LX 3
Radar/Hydro-Sector 2 Continuous Radar Watch (Issues warning/follow-ups associated with severe or hydro)
LX 4
Floater Position Fill-in where/when needed, phones, SA, monitor hydro/convective trends
Operations Area/Any workstation/cubicle 2
Office Warning Coordinator (Facilitator)
Warning Dissemination, Coord. with SPC and surrounding offices, Work/Event logs, Focus on big picture. Consults with radar one and two, Utilizes NWS Chat/D-Lan, Organizes storm survey teams.
Operations Area/cubicle 1
Public Service Desk Social Media, NWR operations, making/ answering phone calls, UCP manipulation, LSR, among routine products, monitor Disaster Lan, media interviews/RER Info
LX 5/Public Service Workstation
Position Brief Description Workstation Public Forecaster (short term) Creation, updating, and issuance of
NWS ESTF products (AFD, ZFP, Grids, AFM, PFM, Etc, Web Graphics/headline, WCN)
LX 2
Aviation Forecaster/SWAN Routine aviation products,, monitoring hydro trends, SPS, HWO. Monitor convective/hydro trends/SA, Chat, Phones
LX 1
Public Information Officer
EM’s/FEMA, and media interviews/briefings, NWS chat/D-LAN, RER info, Phones
LX 6
Radar/Hydro-Sector 1 Continuous Radar Watch (Issues warning/follow-ups associated with severe or hydro)
LX 3
Radar/Hydro-Sector 2 Continuous Radar Watch (Issues warning/follow-ups associated with severe or hydro)
LX 4
Floater Position Fill-in where/when needed, phones, SA, monitor hydro/convective trends
Operations Area/Any workstation/cubicle 2
Office Warning Coordinator (Facilitator)
Warning Dissemination, Coord. with SPC and surrounding offices, Work/Event logs, Focus on big picture. Consults with radar one and two, Utilizes NWS Chat/D-Lan, Organizes storm survey teams.
Operations Area/cubicle 1
Public Service Desk Social Media, NWR operations, making/ answering phone calls, UCP manipulation, LSR, among routine products, monitor Disaster Lan, media interviews/RER Info
LX 5/Public Service Workstation
14
Position DescriptionsPosition Descriptions
Public Forecaster (short term) -This person is responsible for creation, updating, and issuance of all NWS Public enhanced short term forecast products (ESTF) (AFD, ZFP, Grids, AFM, PFM, RVD, and Web Graphics) and watch information (WCN). Potential coordination with SPC.
Aviation Forecaster (long term) -This person is responsible for creation, updating, and issuance of all NWS aviation products, such as TAFs, Aviation Discussions, days 4-7 of the forecast, and the NFDRS products and could brief airport ops. When utilized, this forecaster could also issue the office’s NOW, Special Weather Statements, along with updating the HWO related to the severe weather event
Public Forecaster (short term) -This person is responsible for creation, updating, and issuance of all NWS Public enhanced short term forecast products (ESTF) (AFD, ZFP, Grids, AFM, PFM, RVD, and Web Graphics) and watch information (WCN). Potential coordination with SPC.
Aviation Forecaster (long term) -This person is responsible for creation, updating, and issuance of all NWS aviation products, such as TAFs, Aviation Discussions, days 4-7 of the forecast, and the NFDRS products and could brief airport ops. When utilized, this forecaster could also issue the office’s NOW, Special Weather Statements, along with updating the HWO related to the severe weather event
15
Position DescriptionsPosition Descriptions
RADAR/Hydro 1 -This primary Radar Operator will be responsible for issuance of warnings and follow-up statements across the entire CWA until a second radar person is introduced to the team. RADAR 1 will utilize Warn Gen for all warnings and statements. This position will obviously be utilized in all severe weather events.
RADAR/Hydro 2 -When level 5 or 6 staffing is required, a second Radar Operator will be utilized. At this point, the warning area becomes sectored. This additional Radar Operator will be responsible for issuance of warnings and follow-up statements across his/her sector of the CWA. RADAR 2 will also employ Warn Gen for warnings and statements. The Shift Leader and WACO should work together to ensure that the workload is evenly distributed between the two Radar Operators.
RADAR/Hydro 1 -This primary Radar Operator will be responsible for issuance of warnings and follow-up statements across the entire CWA until a second radar person is introduced to the team. RADAR 1 will utilize Warn Gen for all warnings and statements. This position will obviously be utilized in all severe weather events.
RADAR/Hydro 2 -When level 5 or 6 staffing is required, a second Radar Operator will be utilized. At this point, the warning area becomes sectored. This additional Radar Operator will be responsible for issuance of warnings and follow-up statements across his/her sector of the CWA. RADAR 2 will also employ Warn Gen for warnings and statements. The Shift Leader and WACO should work together to ensure that the workload is evenly distributed between the two Radar Operators.
16
Position DescriptionsPosition Descriptions
Public Service Desk -This person is responsible for things such as initiating/receiving calls to trained spotters or other affiliations, sending Local Storm Reports, and social media updates, (web graphics, Facebook, Twitter), and D-LAN, possible media interviews, make changes to the ORPG for radar performance and normal PSD duties (CLI, REC, HYD, and creating local climate maps). Furthermore, monitor CRS, Disaster Lan, NWS Chat and HAM Radios.
Public Information Officer– This person will be responsible for coordination with FEMA/VEM/EM’s/ and local media through emails and phone. Also, this person will monitor Disaster LAN and NWS-chat. In addition, this person would be responsible for information in Public Information Statements and Record Event Reports. Also, the PIO could be responsible for updating social media outlets and the web page.
Public Service Desk -This person is responsible for things such as initiating/receiving calls to trained spotters or other affiliations, sending Local Storm Reports, and social media updates, (web graphics, Facebook, Twitter), and D-LAN, possible media interviews, make changes to the ORPG for radar performance and normal PSD duties (CLI, REC, HYD, and creating local climate maps). Furthermore, monitor CRS, Disaster Lan, NWS Chat and HAM Radios.
Public Information Officer– This person will be responsible for coordination with FEMA/VEM/EM’s/ and local media through emails and phone. Also, this person will monitor Disaster LAN and NWS-chat. In addition, this person would be responsible for information in Public Information Statements and Record Event Reports. Also, the PIO could be responsible for updating social media outlets and the web page.
17
Position DescriptionsPosition DescriptionsWarning Coordinator -This person is the communications link between the other operational positions. Keeps track of all watches, warnings, advisories, statements, public products issued, and updating the radar operator (s) on the status of warnings/statements issued as well as other critical products. The WACO can also coordinate with the SPC or adjacent offices about watch information via 12 Planet or the phone, but mainly acts as a facilitator to guarantee effective communication. Finally, the WACO could be responsible for coordination with FEMA/VEM/EM’s/airport ops, and local media through emails, Disaster LAN and NWS-chat. (models 6,7, and 8)
Severe Weather Analyst or Mesoscale Forecaster (SWAN) - This person will assist the severe weather team by identifying mesoscale features or boundaries, which could initiate convection or cause hydro issues. The SWAN will focus on near storm environments and will complete a convective checklist.
Warning Coordinator -This person is the communications link between the other operational positions. Keeps track of all watches, warnings, advisories, statements, public products issued, and updating the radar operator (s) on the status of warnings/statements issued as well as other critical products. The WACO can also coordinate with the SPC or adjacent offices about watch information via 12 Planet or the phone, but mainly acts as a facilitator to guarantee effective communication. Finally, the WACO could be responsible for coordination with FEMA/VEM/EM’s/airport ops, and local media through emails, Disaster LAN and NWS-chat. (models 6,7, and 8)
Severe Weather Analyst or Mesoscale Forecaster (SWAN) - This person will assist the severe weather team by identifying mesoscale features or boundaries, which could initiate convection or cause hydro issues. The SWAN will focus on near storm environments and will complete a convective checklist.
18
Final ThoughtsFinal Thoughts
Have flexibility and try to develop a plan early based on expected convection
Remember: use only as guidance and try to share best practices with staff members
Be-aware of scheduling conflicts and summer leave when limited staffing is available
Have flexibility and try to develop a plan early based on expected convection
Remember: use only as guidance and try to share best practices with staff members
Be-aware of scheduling conflicts and summer leave when limited staffing is available
19
Remember Always Be Prepared and Expect the Unexpected
Remember Always Be Prepared and Expect the Unexpected
Look: Snow shovel at 430 Poker Hill Road in North
Underhill, Vermont (Prepared for the next
storm) and the home of the most snow in VT
20
Any Questions???Any Questions???