STATE AGRICULTURE INFRASTRUCTURE

DEVELOPMENT PLAN (SAIDP)

OF

ODISHA

Revised draft copy for Official use only

Prepared by

ODISHA UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE AND TECHNOLOGYBHUBANESWAR-751 003

Contents

Chapter Subject Page

No.

Summary i-iv

1. Introduction 1-11

1.1 State Agriculture Infrastructure Development Plan

(SAIDP)

6

1.2 Characteristics of SAIDP 7

1.3 Importance of infrastructure in agriculture

development

7

2. Rationale of State Agriculture Infrastructure

Development Plan (SAIDP)

12-19

2.1 Principles of SAIDP 12

2.2 Scope of SAIDP 14

2.3 Role of agriculture in livelihood systems 14

2.4 Key challenges of agricultural system 16

2.4.1 Deteriorating Resource Base 16

2.4.2 Climate Change 16

2.4.3 Narrowed Biodiversity 16

2.4.4 Multiplicity of Integrated Farming Systems 17

2.4.5 Low Rate of Farm Resource Recycling 17

2.4.6 Technology Adoption Gaps 17

2.5 Purpose of SAIDP 18

3. Process of C-DAP, SAP & SAIDP Preparation 20-34

3.1 Background 20

3.1.1 Institutional Profile 21

3.1.2 Institutional arrangements 21

3.1.3 Logical Framework and Sample Size 22

3.2 Scope of C-DAP 24

3.3 Content of C-DAP 24

3.4 Sources of Data 24

3.4.1 Secondary Data (Indicative) 24

3.4.2 Primary Data 25

3.5 Data Analysis 26

3.5.1 SWOC Analysis of the Farming Systems

(Qualitative)

26

3.5.2 Gap Analysis (Quantitative) 27

3.5.3 Value Chain Analysis 27

3.5.4 AES wise consultation 28

3.6 Strategy Formulation 28 3.7 Activities, Schemes and/ or Projects 28

3.8 District wise ACZ & AES Delineation for C-DAP

Preparation

29

3.9 SAIDP : Process & Contents 33

3.9.1 Process 33

3.9.2 Contents 34

4 SWOC ANALYSIS 35-49

4.1 Agriculture Production System 35

4.2 Horticulture Production System 39

4.3 Livestock Production System 40

4.3.1 Dairy Development Subsector 40

4.3.2 Small Ruminants Sub-sector 42

4.3.3 Poultry Sub-sector 43

4.4 Fisheries Production System 45

4.5 Farm Mechanization 48

5 State Agriculture Infrastructure Development Plan

(SAIDP)

50-81

5.1 General Profile of the state 53

5.2 Infrastructure variation amongst districts of the state 58

5.3 Strategies Proposed for Agricultural Infrastructure

Development

58

5.4 Directorate of Agriculture & Food Production 59

5.5 Directorate of Animal Husbandry & Veterinary

Services

61

5.6 Directorate of Fisheries 70

5.7 Directorate of Agriculture & Food Production

(Farm Mechanization)

71

5.8 Directorate of Soil Conservation & Watersheds 73

5.9 Agriculture Promotion & Investment Corp. Ltd.

(APICOL)

74

5.10 Abstract of SAIDP 81

6 SAIDP Team 82

Index of Tables

No Title Page No.

Table 3.1 District wise ACZ & AES Delineation for C-DAP Preparation 29 Table 5.1 General Statistics: Odisha vs. India 55 Table 5.2 Net State Domestic Product (NSDP) and Per Capita Income 56 Table 5.3 Value of Output: Agriculture and Livestock 57 Table 5.3.1 INFI index and ranking of districts 58 Table 5.4 Infrastructure available for Agriculture sector in the state 59 Table 5.5 New Proposed Infrastructures in XIII Plan Period ( Rs. Lakhs.) 60 Table 5.6 Approved Project Cost for Dairying under Rashtriya Krishi

Vikas Yojana (RKVY) in Odisha 64

Table 5.7 Approved Project Cost for Animal Husbandry under RKVY in Odisha

64

Table 5.8 District-wise Breedable Population 65 Table 5.9 Year and District-wise Veterinary Institutes 66 Table 5.10 Infrastructure built during XII Plan Period 67 Table 5.11 New Proposed Infrastructures in XIII Plan Period (Rs. in Lacs) 68 Table 5.12 Source of funds for 04 years SAP (2018-2022) Fisheries

Department, Odisha (Rs. In crores) 70

Table 5.13 Infrastructure for Farm Mechanization 71 Table 5.14 Cost for watershed management 73 Table 5.15 Cost for Micro-Irrigation 74 Table 5.16 Development processing infrastructure at FPO level for

value addition

74

Table 5.17 Development of storage infrastructure for food grains and horticultural crops

76

Table 5.18 Budget for Agricultural Market Infrastructure Development 76 Table 5.19 Year wise physical and financial target for protected

structure in Odisha 77

Table 5.20 Year wise physical and financial target for drip irrigation in Odisha

78

Table 5.21 Year wise physical and financial target for Sprinkler irrigation in Odisha

79

Table 5.22 Proposed budget for Horticulture Sector : Infrastructure (2018-22)

80

Table 5.23 Development & Strengthening of Major, Medium & Minor Irrigation Projects (Based on State Agril. Budget 2017-18)

80

Table 5.24 Abstract of the budget 81

Index of figures

No Title Page No.

Fig 2.1 Principles of SAIDP 13 Fig 3.1 Logical Framework and Sample Size 22 Fig 3.2 AES as agricultural planning unit and samples 23 Fig 3.3 Content of C-DAP 24

i

Summary

At the instance of Department of Agriculture, Government of Odisha, Orissa

University of Agriculture & Technology (OUAT) has undertaken the preparation of C-

DAP in 30 districts along with State Agriculture Infrastructure Development Plan

(SAIDP) of Odisha.

According to the Report of The Working Group on Decentralised Planning in

Agriculture for XII Plan period, 2011 suggested that decentralised planning for

agriculture and allied sectors is essential, as the local level resources, climate and

agro-ecological features dictate success or failure of any intervention. Local level

planning, therefore, helps to arrive at an integrated, participatory, and coordinated

initiative for development of a sub-state geographical area. District plan for

agriculture should be a comprehensive document incorporating steps towards

development of agriculture and allied sectors, both in physical and financial terms

with an objective to achieve sustainable growth in agriculture during the stipulated

period.

This document is expected to address

all the major issues related to agriculture and allied sectors,

identification of projects and filling of resource gaps

convergence of various State and Central Government programmes

involvement of all the stakeholders

improving the quality of life of the farmers

increasing agricultural productivity and

achieving food security. Therefore, district agricultural planning

involves a process of preparing an integrated and comprehensive

district agriculture plan taking into account the local needs and the

resource (natural, human and financial) potential.

Further, the broad framework of C-DAP preparation was strategized and

operationalized based on the C-DAP Manual issued by Planning Commission, 2008.

The Expression of Interest (EoI) submitted by OUAT, followed by the ‘Memorandum

of Understanding’ (MoU) signed with Director, IMAGE representing Govt. of Odisha

in Agriculture Department have mutually agreed upon the process to be adopted for

preparation of the C-DAPs, and SAIDP.

ii

Institutional arrangements

The following institutional arrangements have been made to functionalize

smooth C-DAP and SAIDP preparation.

• Advisory Committee

- Vice-Chancellor, OUAT

- Principal Secretary, Agriculture Department

• Steering Committee

- Dean, College of Agriculture (Chief Nodal Officer)

- Dean College of Vety. Sc. & A.H.

- Dean, Extension Education

- Dean, PGS-cum-DRI

- Director, Polytechnic

• Expert Team

- Former Deans/ Directors/ Professors of OUAT/ Senior Officials of Line

Departments.

• Executive Team

- 5 Member multi-disciplinary expert group

• Technical Support Institution Facilitators for 30 districts

- 30 Members multi-disciplinary experts drawn from OUAT.

• Coordinating Team

- Senior officials of line departments

• District Level Team

- 5 district officials drawn Department of Agriculture, Horticulture, Animal

Resource Development, Fisheries and one scientist from KVK.

• Agro-Eco Situation Team

- 4-5 block level officials drawn from Agriculture & line departments

• Designated Team for SAIDP preparation

- Team of Commodity Experts : 8 nos. of teams viz. crop production,

horticulture production, livestock production, fisheries production,

farm mechanization, soil & water management, precision farming,

agriculture marketing constituted

iii

The Commodity Teams constituted for different production systems took into

account the area, production and productivity trends for the pre-dominant agri-

commodities in different districts of the state for last five years so as to categorize the

districts as high, moderate and low performing with respect to the commodity

production. This template was helpful for delineating district specific strategies,

activities and infrastructure development opportunities. The cross-cutting areas viz.

climate & rainfall, irrigation, soil, seed, fertilizer, pesticide, animal feed, fish feed,

credit & insurance, infrastructure like road, energy, storage, physical markets etc.

were also take into cognizance (included in SAP document). Furthermore, the team

conducted SWOT analysis and GAP analysis of different production systems in

developing focused strategies and activities for the SAIDP.

Further, the document included the chapter on State Agriculture Infrastructure

Development Plan (SAIDP) in which the budgetary outlay of Rs.14089.57 Crore for

development of infrastructure in agriculture and allied sector along with Rs.13200.00

crore for development of irrigation sector have been proposed. An ‘Abstract of the

Budget’ is given hereunder;

iv

ABSTRACT

Infrastructure Development in Agriculture & Allied Sectors

Sl. No. Directorate / Schemes Proposed Budget

(In Crore Rs.)

1 Directorate of Agril. & F.P. 2610.80

2 Directorate of Horticulture 202.45

3 Directorate of AH & VS 5105.00

4 Directorate of Fisheries 3682.00

5 Farm Mechanization 36.00

6 Directorate of Soil Conservation for

Watershed & Micro Irrigation

2051.86

7 APICOL 29.90

8 Agriculture Marketing 245.75

9 Hi-Tech Horticulture (Protected Structure) 45.93

10 Drip Irrigation 36.35

11 Sprinkler Irrigation 43.53

TOTAL 14089.57

Development & Strengthening of

Major, Medium & Minor Irrigation Projects

Sl.

No.

Activity Proposed Budget

(In Crore Rs.)

1 Completion of Major, Medium & Minor

Irrigation Projects

10000.00

2 Development of Cluster borewells & river lift

projects

1000.00

3 Maintenance of existing lift irrigation projects 700.00

4 Development of water distribution system,

canal lining

1500.00

Total 13200.00

1

Introduction

Chapter-1

Agriculture, the world’s oldest profession is the main source of life

sustenance for human population. However, though there has been substantial

growth in other sectors, the Agriculture Sector still continues to be the main stay

of livelihood for human civilization. Growth of the agricultural sector is important

not only for ensuing food security and reduction of poverty in rural areas, but also

sustaining growth of rest of the economy. More so, growth of two non-farm

sectors viz. Secondary & Tertiary sectors, can be sustained only when the

agricultural sector continues to grow and provide adequate demand for goods &

services along with market for the farm produce. The aforementioned facts are

more true in case of states like Odisha where nearly 60% people earn their

livelihood through agriculture and allied activities.

Agriculture plays an essential role in the process of economic

development of less developed countries like India. Besides providing food to

nation, agriculture releases labour, provides saving, contributes to market of

industrial goods and earns foreign exchange. Agricultural development is an

integral part of overall economic development.

Agriculture plays a vital role in India’s economy. The agriculture sector

employs nearly half of the workforce in the country. However, it contributes to

17.5% of the GDP (at current prices in 2015-16). Over the past few decades, the

manufacturing and services sectors have increasingly contributed to the growth

of the economy, while the agriculture sector’s contribution has decreased from

more than 50% of GDP in the 1950s to 15.4% in 2015-16 (at constant prices).

At national level, agricultural growth has been fairly volatile over the past

decades, ranging from 5.8% in 2005-06 to 0.4% in 2009-10 and -0.2% in 2014-15.

Such a variance in agricultural growth has an impact on farm incomes as well as

farmers’ ability to take credit for investing in their land holdings.

2

Source: Agriculture Statistics at a Glance, 2015;

Agriculture in Odisha is the mainstay of majority of the populace and thus,

holds the key to socio-economic development of the State. Agriculture sector

provides employment and sustenance directly or indirectly to more than 60% of

the state’s total workforce and this sector continues to be the main stay of the

state’s economy. The state has a cultivated area of 61.80 lakh hectares and the

pattern of operational holdings is highly skewed with more than 91% of these

belonging to small and marginal category and the average size of land holding

|being 1.04 hectare. Per capita availability of land, water and other natural

resources in the state continue to decline. Occurrence of various biotic (insect

and diseases) and abiotic stresses (flood, drought, cyclone etc.) are on the rise.

During 1950-51, agriculture and animal husbandry contributed 56.10 % to the

GSDP (at 1999-2000 prices) shared by 70% of the population, whereas, the sector

contributed 15.70% to the GSDP shared by nearly 60% of the people (as per

advance estimates of 2009-10), indicating a decline of the sector as compared to

other sectors of the economy .The GSDP was 15.6 % in 2013-14. Moreover, as per

advanced estimates of 2014-15, the sector’s share of GSDP has further decreased

to15.4%.

Despite all constraints, the state’s ten agro-climatic conditions suitable for

growing a wide range of crops together with rich natural endowments and an

annual average rainfall of 1452 mm, there lies tremendous potential for

enhancing income of the farmers by increasing production, productivity and

commercializing agriculture. It suffers from frequent natural calamities like

cyclones, drought and flash floods. The share of Agriculture Sector in the State’s

GSDP has been declining over the years.

3

The State of Odisha has taken up several initiatives to make agriculture and

allied sectors more viable and sustainable for its farmers. To provide the much

needed impetus and reforms under agriculture and allied sector, the State has

committed itself to an exclusive Agriculture Budget since the year 2013-14, with a

steadily increasing financial outlay of Rs. 7162.00 crore, Rs. 9542.00 crore &Rs.

10903.00 crore during 2013-14, 2014-15 and 2015-16, respectively. Further,

keeping in view the changing circumstances and recent technological

developments in agriculture sector, the State Agriculture Policy, which is being

implemented since 1996, has been revised twice in the year 2008 and 2013.

Odisha’s economy continues on a path of steady improvement in its growth.

In 2017-18, Odisha’s GSDP is estimated to grow at 7.14 percent as against the

national average of 6.5 percent for India. This follows a striking expansion of 10.39

percent in 2016-17. Over the past few years the State is exhibiting strong catch-up

growth, which is helping in the transformation of the economy, from a lagging

State to a State on the move. During the fiscal period 2011 to 2017, while the

economy expanded by 53 percent, its real per capita income increased by 42

percent to an estimated level of Rs.92,727 in 2017-18.

The improvement in the growth trajectory of the State over the last five years

can be attributed to several development initiatives and prudent macro

management of economy. A structural shift is visible, but it is largely on account of

a shrinking share of industrial sector in the State. At present services account for

45 percent of the GSDP, industry 35 percent and agriculture sector about 20

percent. The fact that the share of industry in output is shrinking and agriculture

continues to account for an imposing 62 percent of the total unorganized

workforce in Odisha is a matter of concern that needs to be addressed in the

medium term.

During the years 2011-12 to 2016-17, the economy of Odisha has grown

steadily at an annual average rate of 7.02 percent. In 2016-17, Odisha has

bounced back to double digit real growth rate of 10.39 percent; increase in real

per capita income to Rs.63,674/-, recorded low level of price inflation of 1.3

percent, with above 27 percent growth in the crops sector accompanied by

decline in unemployment rate.

4

The year 2016-17 saw an unprecedented growth of nearly 20 percent in

agriculture after a severe contraction of over (-) 13 percent in 2015-16. This was

largely on account of vagaries of weather, as also the low base. Indeed that has

been the story of the agriculture sector in the State. Although there has been a

significant negative growth in every alternative year in the recent past, the annual

average growth rate (CAGR) for the sector is 2.8 percent for the period 2011-17.

The principal crop rice, constituting more than 90 percent of total foodgrain

production, recorded a bumper harvest of 97 lakh MT and productivity of 24

qtl/ha in 2016-17. Intensive cultivation and expansion in the coverage of irrigated

land has led to an increase in the area under cultivation of rice and crop yield in

the State. Rice crop areas have been increasingly diverted to HYV paddy as well

as cash crops, improving the commercial viability of agriculture and making it

remunerative for the farmers. With 1.17 lakh ha of additional potential created

during 2016-17, the total irrigation potential of the State stands at 55.91 lakh ha

(Kharif-37.83 ha and Rabi 18.08 ha). Nevertheless, only about one-third of net

sown area is irrigated and principal crop yields are lower than the leading States

in the country.

The State Government has launched number of short gestation projects like

Mega Lift Irrigation Projects, Deep Bore well Construction Programme, and Check

Dam Construction Programme, with a view to rapidly met the irrigation needs of

the farmers. The target is to bring an additional 10 lakh hectare of cultivable land

under irrigation cover by the end of 2019. There is a target to provide irrigation

facility to at least 35 percent of the cultivable land in each block. Out of a total of

314 blocks, irrigation coverage in 198 blocks is less than 35 percent of the

cultivable area. The schemes such as AIBP, RIDF, JBIC, RSVY, NREGS, WODC,

FFW are being implemented to achieve the desired objective either directly or

by way of convergence with other programmes. As of March 2017, 93 blocks out

of the targeted 198 blocks have been covered under this initiative. Although

Odisha has experienced one half of the expected transition in the agriculture

sector, namely the rapid decline in the share of the agriculture and allied sectors’

(crops, livestock, forestry and logging, and fisheries) output in the GSDP, the

other half of the transition has not made much headway. Thus, the share of

5

agriculture in GSDP has declined to 20 percent from an overbearing 60 percent in

the 1960s, but the share of population dependent on the sector continues to be

significant at around 50 percent. There is a need for continued policy priority for

agriculture, especially in its allied sectors, in view of the high employment

potential, favorable agro-climatic conditions, and abundant water resources

spread over 11 river basins, extensive coastline and the expanding irrigation

potential.

This would also help improve factor productivity and living standards of the

population dependent on the sector. The State Government has been taking

strategic policy initiatives and making budgetary provisions for agriculture sector

to address inherent constraints associated with over-dependence on rain-fed

farming, inadequate irrigation coverage, low level of capital formation, over-

dependence on paddy cultivation, slow pace of modernization, small land

holdings, continued prevalence of old tenancy practices in some areas and above

all frequent occurrence and impact of natural calamities on the performance of the

sector. Many of these measures need to be reassessed and perhaps further

intensified to attain the desired results.

Agriculture sector in the State has an impeccable track record of meeting the

challenges of serious food shortages despite rapid growth of population. This can

be construed to have been achieved through a favourable interplay of

infrastructure, technology, extension, policy support with strong and meaningful

political will.

The “State Agriculture Policy-2013” has given the Department of Agriculture&

Farmers Empowerment a shot in the arm to go for all round development of

agrarian sector with specific focus on increasing the production & productivity of

different crops despite the aberrant weather conditions and limited resources.

Some of the important schemes that are being implemented in the State such as

National Food Security Mission (NFSM), Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojona (RKVY),

Sustainable Development of Sugarcane based Cropping Systems (SUBACS),

Agriculture Mechanisation under Work Plan, Integrated schemes for Oilseeds,

Pulses, Oilpalm & Maize (ISOPOM), System of Rice Intensification (SRI),

Technology Mission on Cotton, Technology Mission on Sugarcane, Jute Technology

6

Mission(MM- II), National Project on Management of Soil Health and Fertility, e-

Pest Surveillance, National Horticulture Mission etc. which play vital role in

making farming sustainable and obtain maximum return per rupee invested in the

farm land. Besides, Schemes on “Capacity building and Extension Reforms”,

“Post-harvest Management of Agri-produce” and “Establishment of Commercial

Agri-enterprises” are also being implemented to supplement the developmental

agenda.

State Agriculture Infrastructure Development Plan (SAIDP)

Planning is a fundamental process for ushering in development that

envisages growth in desired direction. The National Development Council (NDC),

2007 resolved that agriculture development strategies must be reoriented to

meet the needs of farmers and called upon the Central and State Governments to

evolve a strategy to rejuvenate agriculture. The Resolution with respect to the

Additional Central Assistance scheme reads as below.

“Introduce a new Additional Central Assistance scheme to incentive State to draw up

plans for their agriculture sector more comprehensively, taking agro- climatic

conditions, natural resource issues and technology into account, and integrating

livestock, poultry and fisheries more fully ---------- ”

To rejuvenate agriculture during XII Plan, the National Development

Council has reaffirmed its commitment to achieve a growth rate of 4 % per

annum. As agriculture growth is an essential element of the strategy to make

growth more inclusive, the NDC in its resolution advised the State Governments

to prepare Comprehensive District Agriculture Plan (C-DAP), and State

Agriculture Infrastructure Development Plan (SAIDP) that will fully utilise

available resources and will include allied agriculture sectors.

C-DAP is a decentralized plan document which generates a common

development perspective of a district that reflects the thinking of diverse

stakeholders and to work out an inspiring goal for overall development of the

area. Key feature of such planning process is to achieve overall development

keeping in view the local resources, needs and aspirations. Accordingly, the

State Agriculture Infrastructure Development Plan (SAIDP) enumerates the

roadmap of development in agriculture and allied sectors in the state of Odisha

for the XII Plan period. Since, the said plan period is over, these plan documents

7

have been prepared with a perspective view of 2022, by which the Prime Minister

of India has made a clarion call to double the farmer’s income. Therefore, SAIDP

is construed to delineate set of action plans that would set forth agriculture and

allied sectors as ‘engine of growth’ for the state in triggering the desired growth

in production and productivity on one hand and economic benefits to farmers, on

the other.

Characteristics of SAIDP

It should be simple to read and easy to explain to all the stakeholders.

It should be logical. The proposals emanating from the plan should be

feasible in light of available information.

It should take in to account socio-economic aspects and local felt

needs.

It should ensure convergence with all ongoing schemes / programmes.

It is commodity specific and district specific.

Importance of infrastructure in agriculture development

According to estimates agriculture sector has occupied about 53 percent

of total labor force and its direct and indirect contribution in annual exports of

the country is around 23percent. Indian agriculture is characterized by lack of

proper infrastructure facilities. As far as nature of infrastructure is concerned,

agricultural infrastructure plays an important role especially in a developing

country context where a larger percentage of poorer section of the society

depends on this sector for subsistence. The enhancing infrastructure warrants a

closer relationship between the levels of agricultural development.

Among agricultural infrastructure road infrastructure plays a very

significant role in accelerating agricultural production. Rural Roads

Connectivity is one of the key components for rural development, as it promotes

access to economic and social services, generating increased agricultural

income and productive employment. About 600 million people of India live in

nearly 6 lakh villages scattered all over the country. Access roads provide the

means to bring the rural population on to the main stream. A good road network

8

reduce transport cost, accelerates efficient delivery of farm inputs and enhance

special agricultural production and distribution. A good network of roads will

expand the distribution of agricultural goods as well as open up additional

opportunities for agricultural trade. Good infrastructure leads to expansion of

markets, economies of scale and improvement in factor market operations. It

also opens up the rural economy to greater competition. This may take the form

of cheaper products from lower-cost sources of supply or new or improved

products that may displace some locally produced items. The majority of

studies recognize that infrastructure investment has a strong impact on rural

incomes and especially on small holders. There was a direct relationship

between increase in acreage of export crop cultivation and the standard of

roads and distance from the main commercial centers. There is enhanced

entrepreneurship activity, sharp decline in freight and passenger charges and

improved services as a result of investment in rural roads. Road are always

recognized as an infrastructure and arteries of the nation. Rural infrastructure

assumes great importance in India because of the country‘s predominantly rural

nature.

Rural roads were not only providing connectivity to rural area but also

affecting change in cropping pattern due to access to markets, increasing

productivity by facilitating availability of inputs like seeds, fertilizer and

pesticides, realization of better prices to the farmers for agriculture and allied

products like milk, improving attendance in schools and above all opening new

employment opportunities in non-farm and service sectors.

Importance of infrastructure in agriculture and rural development are

well documented. It is estimated that 15 percent of crop produce is lost between

the farm gate and the consumer in the world because of poor roads and

inappropriate storage facilities alone, adversely influencing income of farmers.

Strengthening rural infrastructure can lead to lower production costs which can

further augment agricultural output and income for rural farming community.

Improved infrastructure also leads to expansion of markets, economies of

scale, and improvement in factor market operations. The development of rural

infrastructure helps to enlarge markets with greater access to factors of

production. The female labour participation rate increases as traditional taboos

9

against it are overcome. Easier access to markets allows an expansion of the

production of perishable and transport-cost-intensive products. It can also lead

to a conversion of latent demand into effective commercial demand. These

effects of infrastructure accentuate the process of commercialization in

agriculture and rural sector. There is increased scale of trade too and helps in

reduction of trading costs per unit owing to economics of scale.

Further, dominance of poor is more in rural areas compared to urban

areas. Therefore, any investment that helps to increase rural production, income

and employment is expected to reduce poverty. Improvement in rural roads

affect agricultural development followed development of social services. It is

observed that roads tend to have a greater initial impact on production where

cash crops are grown, because food crops, grown by small farmers, have a

lower price elasticity of supply than cash crops. Therefore, more developed the

existing agricultural system, the more significant and the faster is the response

to road provision or road improvements within an area. Access to better health

and education usually improves more rapidly along roads than elsewhere.

The most significant justification of the large scale public investments in

rural roads is to help the largely agrarian rural economy in exploiting the

income opportunities for the farmers. India‘s most ambitious rural roads

programme, PMGSY is also primarily aimed at providing connectivity to the

markets. Higher agricultural production, lower inputs and transportation costs,

improved cropping patterns and increased output prices are expected once

farmers are connected through an improved all-weather road to the markets.

These shifts have been clearly reflected and were attributed to the improved

connectivity in some of the previous studies also. This study primarily aimed at

assessing the sustainability of these impacts has also brought out that some

shifts from traditional cultivations and marketing practices, if not sustained due

to road degradation, can cause much larger negative impacts. It was found that

changes in cropping patterns and withdrawal of traditional marketing

intermediaries due to better connectivity can also cause huge losses if the new

facilities by improved connectivity seize to exist, even temporarily.

As indicated earlier, the development of roads affects agriculture directly

by enlarging the areas under cultivation. There is a two-fold relation between

10

road development and increased agricultural products. Easy transport of

manures, good seeds and better agricultural equipment, pesticides is made

possible in time due to easy road transport. Better roads neutralise locational

disadvantages in farming. Road development also prompts a change in the

pattern of agricultural production by diversion of cultivation from food crops to

commercial crops. Paucity of good roads in rural areas compels the cultivator to

dispose of his produce to the village money lender at cheap prices. Good roads

would open up the urban markets to the cultivator which would facilitate

marketing of his product at higher prices. Moreover, bad roads are responsible

for higher cost by transportation which increases the cost of marketing.

A good road system also aids agriculture indirectly by breaking up the

isolation of villages, spreading education and creating a general sense of

awakening. The rural industries like dairy farming, bee-keeping, poultry

farming, and sericulture. etc., can be developed as subsidiary industries to

supplement their income in their spare time.

Development of small scale and cottage industries becomes possible in

rural areas due to the close road contact with their urban markets and the

availability of raw materials at cheap prices. The important role played by the

roads is very much felt during the days of famines. It has been observed

regarding some of the Indian famines that the food scarcity in an area was not

due to total deficiency. But owing to the isolation from the surplus area. Further,

road development would facilitate flow of food from surplus to deficit areas and

also equalize the prices in different markets. For relieving unemployment and

promoting economic activity, road construction is an important item of the State

governments to be taken up 56 to 70 per cent of the road cost of the road

construction is spent as wages.

The economic impact of road on overall and agricultural development

has been well documented in the studies surveyed in previous studies.

Increase in Cropping Intensity: improved roads was increase in the

cropping intensity (CI) to some extent via increase in mechanization and

introduction of short duration cash crops.

Changes in Cropping Pattern: With an improving the road infrastructure

which leads to change in cropping pattern towards cash crops. The cash

11

crops were taken as those crops which are mainly produced for sale in an

area. The change in cropping pattern was due to improvement in transport

facility for the sugarcane and vegetables. The convenience in selling milk

after the road induced more acreage under fodder. And also it increases

the gross cropped area due to availability of tractors in the village and even

from outside.

Increase in Yield: This has increased the use of fertilizers and seeds,

resulting in mild increase in yield because of road infrastructure. and it will

increase in yield for food and vegetable crops.

Saving of Wastage in Marketing: The road has been reduce the wastage

in marketing due to reduction in distance and time in transport of the

agricultural produce especially in perishable crops like vegetables.

Impact on Vehicle operating cost Direct Benefits: The immediate benefit

of a road infrastructure would be savings in vehicle operating costs and

employment generation to rural poor from construction of the road.

Introduction of New Activities: Roads open opportunities for new

activities allied to agriculture and in nonfarm sector and access to wage

employment in other areas. The activities may include more dairy farming

due to linkage with outside consumers, purchase tractors, passenger and

transport vehicles by the villagers, opening of tea /general shops on road

side, wage/trade opportunities outside the village.

12

Chapter-2

Rationale of State Agriculture Infrastructure Development Plan

(SAIDP)

State Agriculture Infrastructure Development Plan (SAIDP) are conceived

as ‘vision documents’ for the state of Odisha to usher in desired growth in

agriculture and allied sectors coupled with ensuring profitability of the farmers.

These vision documents are intended to serve as beacon of progress that the

Government of Odisha in the Department of Agriculture & Farmers’

Empowerment and Department of Fisheries & ARD would like to implement the

programmes to achieve by 2022.

In principle, a vision document is essentially an aspirational statement

based on past growth parameters with delineation of the future course of action.

Although it is not in the nature of a plan or a policy, it serves an important

purpose of broadly indicating the path towards envisioned destination. This

Vision Document therefore broadly describes and analyses strengths and

weaknesses of state agriculture and allied sectors in the national and global

context and suggests some broad strategic and development approaches.

At the instance of Department of Agriculture, Government of Odisha;

Orissa University of Agriculture & Technology (OUAT) has prepared the State

Agriculture Infrastructure Development Plan (SAIDP)for the state of Odisha for the

XII Plan Period, but due to certain reasons it could be prepared. Since, these

documents are being prepared during 2018, it would be prudent to conceptualize

and operationalize these plan documents for the coming four years i.e. 2018-19 to

2021-22. It would also act as a template for the state to accelerate agricultural

growth in achieving ‘doubling farmer’s income’ by 2022.

Principles of SAIDP

The following working principles are adhered to while conceptualizing the

formulation of SAIDP

13

To ensure that agriculture plans are prepared for the districts and then

integrated with the agriculture plan for the State based on the agro-

climatic conditions, availability of technology and natural resources.

• To ensure that the local needs /crops/priorities are better reflected in the

agricultural plans of the states.

• To achieve the goal of reducing the yield gap in important crops through

focused interventions.

• To provide flexibility and autonomy to States in the process of planning

and executing agriculture and allied sector schemes.

• To maximize returns to the farmers in agriculture and allied sectors.

• To bring about quantifiable changes in the production and productivity of

various components of agriculture and allied sectors by addressing them

in a holistic manner including the researchable issues.

In brief, the SAIDP planning process can be narrated as combination of

steps that elucidates three important features namely present situation, future

position and the pathway to reach the ‘envisaged position’. The same can be

depicted pictorially as given hereunder

Fig. 2.1 Principles of SAIDP

14

Scope of SAIDP

The SAIDP have included all the components of agriculture and allied

enterprises viz. crops, vegetables, fruits, flowers, livestock, fisheries and other

agri-allied enterprises with district priorities and specificity. Consequently, five

agriculture and allied Directorates viz. Directorate of Agriculture & Food

Production, Directorate of Horticulture, Directorate of Watershed Mission,

Directorate of Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Services, Directorate of Fisheries

have come under the ‘ambit of planning’ and therefore, have formed the ‘scope of

SAIDP’ preparation.

The five constituent Directorates of Agriculture and allied sectors have

extended information, manpower, official communications and other support

services for SAIDP preparation.

Role of agriculture in livelihood systems

Indian agriculture possesses the responsibility of providing national as

well as household food and nutritional security to its swarming millions. The

linear growth in population and unplanned colonization lead to rapid

fragmentation of land holdings and shrinkage in fertile cultivated land. In India,

more than 70.00 per cent of the total population of the country still live in villages

and mainly depend on agriculture and/or related enterprises. Marginal and small

farmers constitute more than 84.00 per cent of the 115 million operational

holdings in India which are cultivating only 29.00 per cent of the arable land. The

livelihoods of the small and marginal household families are the major concern.

The small land holders are better contributors to the total production (78.00%)

but weak in terms of generating adequate income and sustaining their own

livelihood. Small holding does not generate enough income to keep a farm family

out of poverty despite high productivity. Growth in human and livestock

populations has led to an expansion of cultivated land and shortened fallow

periods. High population growth has also resulted in some area which was used

for agricultural purpose being converted to residential area. This therefore has

resulted in great pressure on agricultural land, leading to intensification of land

use. Wide-spread occurrence of ill-effects of green revolution technologies in all

intensively cultivated areas is threatening the sustainability of the important

agricultural production systems and national food security. A mismatch between

the national food grain production and requirement has already crept into the

system, which is further widening.

15

Keeping the overall farming situation in perspective, the Prime Minister of

India has given a clarion call to double the farmers’ income by 2022; this calls for

a concerted effort by all stakeholders to address the emerging issues

constraining profitability of farming systems, especially for small and marginal

farmers to make them copious. In fact, our past experience has clearly evinced

that the income from cropping alone is hardly sufficient to sustain the small and

marginal farmer's needs. With enhanced consumerism in rural areas, farmer's

requirements for cash have also increased to improve their standard of living

which is especially true in case of small and marginal farmers. Therefore, farmer's

income and food security would have to be increased and supplemented by

adoption of efficient allied enterprises like dairy, horticulture (vegetables/ fruits/

flowers/ medicinal and aromatic plants), apiary, mushroom cultivation, fisheries,

apiculture, etc. These integrated farming systems required to be planned,

designed, implemented and analyzed for productivity and cost economics. These

systems also need to be socially acceptable, environment friendly and

economically viable. A robust agricultural research system supported by multi-

agencies led extension system based on needs of the farmers need to be put in

place that continuously feed forward resultant technological innovations by

thoughtfully integrating more than one enterprise with crop leads to greater

dividends than single enterprise based farming, especially for small and

marginal farmers. It also leads to improvement in nutritional quality of daily diet

of farmers. Crop diversification possibly will be an important mechanism for

employment generation, income growth, poverty alleviation, food and nutritional

security, risk aversion and sustainability of the system from judicious use of

scarce natural resources.

Of late, climate smart agriculture to mitigate the ill effects of climate

variance on the agriculture and build resilience mechanism among farmers is

gaining momentum. Ending poverty and addressing climate change are the two

defining issues of our time. Both are essential to achieving sustainable national

development. But they cannot be considered in isolation. These two overarching

objectives viz. reducing the effects of climate change and increasing income of

the farmers, can the twain meet?

16

Key challenges of agricultural system

The key challenges that have strong bearing on the agricultural

performance are given hereunder;

Deteriorating Resource Base: During post-green revolution period,

our attempt to solve food problem and attain self-sufficiency in food

production through excess use of agrochemicals, inevitable dependence

on irrigation and high cropping intensity has led to contamination of food

with harmful chemicals, pollution of ground water, degradation of soil

quality and damage to agriculturally beneficial microorganisms. In many

regions both surface and ground water are already becoming unfit for

human and animal consumption due to high concentration of pesticide

residues. Intensified agriculture, coupled with indiscriminate use of

irrigation water and non-judicious fertilizer application, especially in

irrigated areas of the country has led to various kinds of physical and

chemical degradation of the soil.

Climate Change: The increasing green-house gases resulted in

global warming. The Intergovernmental Panel for Climate Change (IPCC)

projections on temperature predicts an increase of 1.8 to 4.0 °C by the

end of this century. Temperature and sea level changes will affect

agriculture through their direct and indirect effects on crops, soils,

livestock, fisheries and pests. The brunt of environmental changes is

expected to be very high in India due to greater dependence on

agriculture, limited natural resources, alarming increase in human and

livestock population, changing pattern in land use and socioeconomic

factors that pose a great threat in meeting the food, fiber, fuel and fodder

requirement. Recent studies done at the Indian Agricultural Research

Institute indicated the possibility of loss of 4-5 million tonnes in wheat

production in future with every rise of 1°C temperature throughout the

growing period.

Narrowed Biodiversity: The narrowing of genetic biodiversity

occurs as traditional crop varieties and local animal breeds are being

replaced by modern ones. These new varieties/breeds are certainly

17

better matched to modern intensive agriculture, but rarely any

consideration is given to preserving the bio- diversity of an agricultural

ecosystem. In addition, the increased farming density tends to erode the

biodiversity of flora and fauna in the agricultural ecosystems.

18

For example, extensive adoption of rice-wheat monoculture in the Indo-Gangetic

Plains has replaced the other traditional crops. Soil micro-flora is also adversely

influenced on account of large-scale use of agro-chemicals and lack of recycling

of crop residues in the region.

Multiplicity of Integrated Farming Systems: Very often, almost all

Indian farmers, in pursuit of supplementing their needs of food, fodder,

fuel, fiber and finance resort to adopt integrated farming systems,

majority of them revolving around the crops+livestock components.

Livelihood of small and marginal farmers, comprising more than 80.00 per

cent of total farmers, depends mainly on crops and livestock, which is

often affected by weather aberrations. Under present scenario, in the

absence of scientifically designed, economically profitable and socially

acceptable appropriate integrated farming systems models, they are

unable to harness the benefits of integration. An important consequence

of this has been that their farming activities remain, by and large,

subsistent in nature rather than commercial and many a times

uneconomical.

Low Rate of Farm Resource Recycling: In the absence of adequate

knowledge among farmers about techniques and benefits of recycling of

farm, industrial and municipal organic wastes in agriculture, these remain

unutilized. A vast untapped potential exists to recycle these solid and

liquid organic wastes of farm origin. Recycling of crop residues may be a

potential organic source to sustain the soil health. Incorporation of crop

residues of either rice or wheat increases the yield of rice and nutrient

uptake and also improves the physio- chemical properties of the soil,

ensuring better soil environment for crop growth.

Technology Adoption Gaps: In our efforts to develop and improve

upon existing technologies, involvement of people in conceptualization

and extension of technologies would appear very important. The farm

family had never been the focal point of our investigations. This top down

approach had given a poor perception of the problems that they tried to

solve. Due to inadequate extension mechanisms at national as well as state

19

levels, many farmers, especially those at lower strata of social structure,

remain uninformed about many of the development schemes and the

desired impact of such schemes is not obtained.

20

One of the reasons for poor rate of transfer of agricultural technologies is poor

linkages between the different clientele groups of agriculture. Practically

linkages among farmers, service providers, technological and financial

institutions are either weak or nonexistent.

2.5 Purpose of SAIDP

OUAT with support of Department of Agril. & F.E. and Dept. of Fisheries &

ARD, Govt. of Odisha had prepared SAIDP, which set forth medium term goals for

a period of 4 years, till the year 2022 for agriculture and allied sectors for the

state of Odisha. It is pertinent to mention that the goals spelt out in these

documents though very much focused but give a broad picture and growth

direction instead of pinpointing numbers. Increasingly, it has been realised that

goal statements keep on changing and moving. These documents have been

prepared on the principal premise that agriculture sector would act as an ‘engine

of growth’ for the state, in years to come. The desired growth in agriculture sector

is expected to contribute to wealth creation and employment generation through

implementation of action plans. In nutshell, the SAIDP describe the priorities,

strategies and interventions required to achieve these desired results.

In these documents, the strategic direction set forth for agriculture

sector would assist to delineate sector investment over the medium term and

channelize to specific priorities and strategic commodities across their entire

value chains focusing on agricultural research & extension; pest, vector and

disease control; provision of inputs; promoting sustainable land use and soil

management; post-harvest handling; improving markets access and value

addition. Broadly, the strategies target to achieve following 12 objectives namely:

Improving productivity: Opportunity to increase economic yield per unit

area per unit time by virtue of intensification of crop and allied enterprises.

Increasing input efficiency: Provision of good scope to use inputs in

different components efficiently and effectively, so as reduce the cost of

production.

Enhancing profitability: Promotion of innovative practices viz. reduction in

cost of production, collectivization of inputs & outputs, FPOs, elimination of

21

middleman, improved market access, value addition, contract farming,

branding etc. for increase in farmers’ profitability.

Ensuring sustainability: Popularization of sustainable practices that meet

the present day need without undermining the needs of the future; organic

supplementation through effective utilization of byproducts of linked

component, thus providing an opportunity to sustain the potentiality of

production base for much longer period.

Producing quality & balanced food: IFS links components of varied nature

enabling to produce different sources of nutrition for farm families.

Meeting environmental safety: In IFS, waste materials are effectively

recycled by linking appropriate components, thus minimize environment

pollution.

Guaranteeing income round the year: Interaction of enterprises with

crops, eggs, milk, mushroom, honey, fish, cocoons, etc. provides flow of

money to the farmers round the year.

Adopting of new technologies: Money flow round the year due to IFS gives

an inducement to the small and marginal farmers to go for the adoption of

new technologies.

Saving energy: Effective recycling technique the organic wastes available

in the system can be utilized to generate biogas. Energy crisis can be

postponed to the later period.

Meeting fodder crisis: Every piece of land is effectively utilized. Plantation

of perennial fodder trees on field borders. These practices will greatly

relieve the problem of non – availability of quality fodder to the animal

component linked.

Generating employment: Combing crop with livestock enterprises would

increase the labour requirement significantly and would help in reducing

the problems of under employment to a great extent. IFS provide enough

scope to employ family members round the year.

Linking to Agro–industries: When one of produce linked in IFS are

increased to commercial level there is surplus value addition leading to

development of allied agro–industries.

22

Process of C-DAP & SAIDP Preparation

Chapter 3

3.1 Background:

At the instance of Department of Agriculture, Government of Odisha,

Orissa University of Agriculture & Technology (OUAT) has undertaken the

preparation of C-DAP in 30 districts along with State Agriculture Infrastructure

Development Plan (SAIDP) of Odisha.

According to the Report of The Working Group on Decentralised Planning

in Agriculture for XII Plan period, 2011 suggested that decentralised planning for

agriculture and allied sectors is essential, as the local level resources, climate

and agro-ecological features dictate success or failure of any intervention. Local

level planning therefore, helps to arrive at an integrated, participatory, and

coordinated initiative for development of a sub-state geographical area. District

plan for agriculture should be a comprehensive document incorporating steps

towards development of agriculture and allied sectors, both in physical and

financial terms with an objective to achieve sustainable growth in agriculture

during the stipulated period.

This document is expected to address (i) all the major issues related to

agriculture and allied sectors, (ii) identification of projects and filling of resource

gaps (iii) convergence of various State and Central Government programmes,

(iv) involvement of all the stakeholders (v) improving the quality of life of the

farmers (vi) increasing agricultural productivity and (vii) achieving food security.

Therefore, district agricultural planning involves a process of preparing an

integrated and comprehensive district agriculture plan taking into account the

local needs and the resource (natural, human and financial) potential.

Further, the broad framework of C-DAP preparation was strategized and

operationalized based on the C-DAP Manual issued by Planning Commission,

2008. The Expression of Interest (EoI) submitted by OUAT, followed by the

‘Memorandum of Understanding’ (MoU) signed with Director, IMAGE

representing Govt. of Odisha in Agriculture Department have mutually agreed

upon the process to be adopted for preparation of the C-DAPs and SAIDP.

23

Institutional Profile

Orissa University of Agriculture & Technology (OUAT), the second oldest

Agriculture University in the country, was established during 1962 with an

overarching mandate of teaching, research and extension in the field of

agriculture and allied sectors. This premier technical university draws its

expertise from a pool of more than 500 agricultural scientists supported with state

of art research laboratories, infrastructure and equipments. The University

epitomizes a light house of knowledge, skill and information in the diversified

areas though its constituent colleges namely, agriculture, veterinary, fishery,

forestry, agriculture engineering, home science along with frontier areas like

microbiology, biotechnology, bioinformatics and agri-business management. The

district outfits of the University are represented by its regional research stations,

commodity research stations, district specific Krishi Vigyan Kendras (KVKs). Each

KVK is manned by a team of multi-disciplinary team of extension scientist that

provides strategic link between research system and farmer system.

The key institutional features of OUAT are

Second oldest Agriculture University of India

Network with ICAR and other SAUs

Mandated for agricultural and allied education, research & extension

Pan-Odisha presence with 10 constituent Colleges, 1 CPGS, 12

RRTTS/RRTSS, 7 Commodity Research Stations, 31 KVKs, 10 Agro Poly-

technics.

Team of Multi-disciplinary scientists

Pioneer in technology generation, refinement, assessment and

integration

Institutional arrangements

The following institutional arrangements have been made to functionalize

smooth C-DAP and SAIDP preparation.

• Advisory Committee

- Vice-Chancellor, OUAT

- Principal Secretary, Agriculture Department

• Steering Committee

- Dean, College of Agriculture (Chief Nodal Officer)

- Dean College of Vety. Sc. & A.H.

24

- Dean, Extension Education

- Dean, PGS-cum-DRI

- Director, Polytechnic

• Expert Team

- Former Deans/ Directors/ Professors of OUAT/ Senior Officials of Line

Departments.

• Executive Team

- 5 Member multi-disciplinary expert group

• Technical Support Institution Facilitators for 30 districts

- 30 Members multi-disciplinary experts drawn from OUAT.

• Coordinating Team

- Senior officials of line departments

• District Level Team

- 5 district officials drawn Department of Agriculture, Horticulture,

Animal Resource Development, Fisheries and one scientist from KVK.

• Agro-Eco Situation Team

- 4-5 block level officials drawn from Agriculture & line departments

• Designated Team for SAIDP preparation

- Team of Commodity Experts : 8 nos. of teams viz. crop production,

horticulture production, livestock production, fisheries production,

farm mechanization, soil & water management, precision farming,

agriculture marketing constituted

Logical Framework and Sample Size

The Logical Framework of C-DAP preparation would involve delineation of

agricultural units into following categories

Fig. 3.1 Logical Framework and Sample Size

25

In order to cover all the agro-climatic and agro-ecological situations (AES)

thereof, the C-DAP preparation would take representative GPs as samples of all

the prevailing AESs within a district. Thus, AES would be the planning unit,

wherein three predominant ‘Farming Systems’ would be taken into consideration

and all the ‘Production Systems’ within the three predominant ‘farming systems’

would be assessed and evaluated for plan preparation. The AES as agricultural

planning unit and samples thereof are depicted below;

Fig.3.2 AES as agricultural planning unit and samples

Thus, the sample size of C-DAP preparation would be

• 10 Agro-Climatic Zones

• 61 Agro-Ecological Situations (AESs) spread over 120 AES locations in 30

dist.

• 183 Predominant Farming Systems

• All Production Systems viz. crop, vegetables, fruits, livestock, fishery,

household within predominant Farming System.

• 314 Blocks & 30 Districts for Secondary Data

• 120 sample villages representing 120 AESs for primary data collection

Scope of C-DAP

The C-DAP would include all the components of agriculture and allied

enterprises viz. crops, vegetables, fruits, flowers, livestock, fisheries and other

26

agri-allied enterprises with AES priorities and specificity. Consequently, five

agriculture and allied Directorates viz. Directorate of Agriculture & Food

Production, Directorate of Horticulture, Directorate of Watershed Mission,

Directorate of Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Services, Directorate of Fisheries

would come under the ‘ambit of planning’ and therefore, would form the ‘scope of

C-DAP’ preparation.

It is also envisaged that these five Directorates would extend information,

manpower, issue of official communications and other support services like

irrigation, power, credit, insurance required for carrying out C-DAPs

preparation.

Content of C-DAP

Each C-DAP would contain two major sections viz. Diagnostic Section and

Strategy Section; which would be further categorized into sub-sections viz.

Information, Analysis, Strategies and Activities. Diagrammatically, it is depicted

below;

Fig. 3.3 Content of C-DAP

Sources of Data

In order to assess the situation both secondary and primary data would be

elicited. An indicative list (not exhaustive) of data to be collected from both the

sources are given hereunder

Secondary Data (Indicative)

Secondary data would be collected from state, district and block level

offices of the five Directorates and other published sources. Since, the C-DAP is a

roadmap of agri-development action plan valid for five years period of XII Plan

27

period, starting from the year 2012 to 2017; but in the mean while three years

have already been elapsed, therefore the year information relating to the year

2011-12 would be taken as ‘benchmark’ and subsequent three years 2012-13,

2013-14 and 2014-15 actual progress made under various heads/ parameters

would be recorded. Based on the ‘rate of growth’ for last 3-5 years time; the

projection or likely achievements for the forthcoming years 2015-16 and 2016-17

would be spelt out.

The indicative list of secondary data required for C-DAP preparation is

given below;

General Features

Agro-Ecological situation

Agro-Climatic Information

Information on land based systems.

Demographic data

Land and soil

Rainfed and irrigated area

On-going development, extension and research

Information on markets

Agro-processing facilities

Storage facilities

Agricultural credit

Input and service facilities

Farmers’ groups and organizations

Private sector organizations and NGOs

Information and communication

Parameters of climate change etc.

The details of secondary information had been collected by using 69 numbers

tables, specifically referring to the C-DAP manual of Govt. of India, 2008.

Primary Data

Similarly, the following primary data (indicative) directly from the farming

community would be elicited by using various participatory tools and techniques

including focus group discussion (FGD). The primary data would be collected

from 61 Gram Panchayats representing equal numbers of AESs of the state. This

28

would provide insight into AES specific issues and opportunities that would shape

formulation of regionally differentiated strategies.

Farming systems

Land and soil

Demographic data

Rainfed and irrigated area

Farming Systems

Land and soil

Demographic data

Rainfed and irrigated area

Agro- processing facilities

Information on markets

Agro- processing facilities

Information on markets

Storage facilities

Agricultural credit

Input and service facilities

Farmers’ groups and organizations

Private sector organizations and NGOs

The primary data had been collected using following participatory methods

viz.

AES wise gap analysis

SWOC Analysis of major production systems

Value Chain Analysis of major agri-commodities

AES wise stakeholder consultation

Data Analysis

Data collected from both secondary and primary sources would be

analyzed using both qualitative and quantitative methods.

SWOC Analysis of the Farming Systems (Qualitative)

Strength - Within existing farming system and success stories.

Weakness - Within the Farming Systems.

Opportunity - Outside the farming system for optimal exploitation.

Challenges - Outside the farming system threat to natural resource base

29

Gap Analysis (Quantitative)

The gap analysis would be carried out by comparing recommended/

expected vis-à-vis existing practices. The gap thus arrived, followed by ‘reasons

of gap’ would help in developing strategies

Production & Productivity Gap

Infrastructure Gap

Support Services Gap- Input, Credit, Insurance,

Marketing Gap- Accessibility

Information Gap

Institutional Gap- Research & Extension Services

Value Chain Analysis

Value Chain Analysis

The concept of ‘agricultural value chain’ includes the full range of activities

and participants involved in moving agricultural products from input suppliers to

farmers’ fields, and ultimately, to consumers’ tables. Each stakeholder or process

in the chain has a link to the next in order for the processes to form a viable chain.

At each stage, some additional transformation or enhancement is made to the

product – ranging from simply moving the product from point ‘a’ to point ‘b’ (a

common value addition of traders for example) to complex processing and

packaging. Hence, a value chain is often defined as the sequence of value-adding

activities, from production to consumption, through processing and

commercialization. Each segment of a chain has one or more backward and

forward linkages.

The ‘farm to table’ integration of a chain can increase efficiency and value

through reduction of wastage, ensuring food safety, preserving freshness,

decreasing consumer prices, and improving farmer prices and incomes. Efficient

value chains normally reduce the use of intermediaries in the chain, and

strengthen value-added activities because of better technology and inputs, farm

gate procurement, upgraded infrastructure (such as cold chains), improved price

opportunities through demand-driven production, and facilitation of more secure

procurement for food processing and exports.

30

Thus, Value Chain Analysis of 10 most important agri-commodities in a district have

been conducted by the respective KVKs at district level involving farmers, chain

actors, extension functionaries and input suppliers.

AES wise consultation

The outputs of secondary data analysis along with AES wise gap analysis,

SWOC Analysis and Value Chain Analysis are taken as inputs for AES level

consultations. A team of multi-disciplinary team consisting of block level officials

viz. AAO, AHO, BVO, Asst. Director (Fisheries) has been constituted to carry out

the AES level consultation with primary stakeholders i.e. farmers, FIG leaders,

SHG members. Altogether 120 AES consultations had been conducted for

verification of critical issues and opportunities arising out of the analyses of both

secondary and primary information. The broad strategies thereof to address the

critical issues and opportunities had been delineated.

Strategy Formulation

The broad strategy formulation would include the following

Diversification of enterprises

Technological Intensification

Sustainability of production system

Replication of successful enterprises

Market-led production

Promotion of farmers’ organization

Public-Private –Community Partnership (PPCP) in prog. delivery

Interdepartmental coordination

Dovetailing of on-going programmes

Development of Regionally Differentiated Strategies

Activities, Schemes and/ or Projects

Each strategy would be translated into activities which can be either met

out of existing scheme/ project or new schemes can be formulated to support the

activities. According to the Govt. of India manual on C-DAP, the convergence of

resources would be attempted. An indicative list of resource pool management is

given hereunder;

31

State/Centrally sponsored schemes viz. NREGS, BRGF, NRLM, Bharat

Nirman, NHM, NFSM, NPCBB, NFDB, RKVY etc.

Tied and untied grants from Central and State Finance Commissions.

Externally aided projects.

MLA/MP LADs

Commissioning of food processing industries including small scale

industries (fruit processing, canning, etc,)

Any other sector and district segments of the State Plan

Possible private initiatives across sectors

Table 3.1

District wise ACZ & AES Delineation for C-DAP Preparation

Sl. No.

District ACZ AES No. of Samples

1 Angul MID CENTRAL

TABLE LAND

ZONE

River valley alluvial(Medium

rainfall)

5

Red loam soil(Medium Rain fall)

Medium textured red loam

Black soil(Low rain fall)

Black soil(Medium rain fall)

2 Balangir WEST CENTRAL

TABLE LAND

ZONE

Plain land irrigated 4

Plain Land Rain Fed

Undulating Plain Drought Prone

Undulating SUB-mountainous Tract

Rainfed

3. Balasore NORTH

EASTERN

COASTAL PLAIN

ZONE

Red laterite-rainfed 6

Red laterite canal irrigated

Alluvial canal irrigated

Alluvial rainfed

Low lying and flood prone area

Saline soil group

4. Baragarh WEST CENTRAL

TABLE LAND

ZONE

Plain land irrigated 4

Plain Land Rain Fed

Undulating Plain Drought Prone

Undulating SUB-mountaineous

Tract Rainfed

5. Bhadrak NORTH

EASTERN

COASTAL PLAIN

ZONE

Alluvial canal irrigated 3

Low lying and flood prone area

Saline soil group

32

6. Boudh WEST CENTRAL

TABLE LAND

ZONE

Plain land Irrigated 2

Plateau Rainfed

7. Cuttack EAST AND

SOUTH

EASTERN

COASTAL PLAIN

ZONE

Costal irrigated alluvium 5

Rainfed alluvium

Rainfed Lateritic

MID CENTRAL

TABLE LAND

ZONE

River valley alluvial(Medium

rainfall)

Light textured laterite(Medium

Rainfall)

8. Deograh NORTH

WESTERN

PLATEAU ZONE

Low rainfall lateritic soils 1

9. Dhenkanal MID CENTRAL

TABLE LAND

ZONE

River valley alluvial (Medium

rainfall)

6

Light textured laterite (Medium

Rainfall)

Red loam soil (Medium Rain fall)

Medium textured red loam

Black soil (Low rain fall)

Black soil (Medium rain fall)

10 Gajapati NORTH

EASTERN GHAT

ZONE

Red loam Soil, low rainfall,

moderate elevation(300-

500m)Moderate irrigation

3

Black soil, moderate rainfall, high

irrigation

Laterite soil, moderate rainfall,

high irrigation

11 Ganjam East and South

Eastern Coastal

Plain Zone

Costal irrigated alluvium 9

Rainfed alluvium

Costal alluvial saline

Rainfed Lateritic

Rainfed Red and lateritic

Mixed Black & alluvium

NORTH

EASTERN GHAT

ZONE

Black soil, moderate rainfall, high

irrigation

Alluvial soil, low rainfall, high

irrigation

Laterite soil, moderate rainfall,

high irrigation

33

12 Jagatsinghpur EAST AND

SOUTH

EASTERN

COASTAL PLAIN

ZONE

Costal irrigated alluvium 4

Rainfed alluvium

Costal alluvial saline

Costal waterlogged

13 Jajpur NORTH

EASTERN

COASTAL PLAIN

ZONE

Red laterite-rainfed 3

Low lying and flood prone area

Saline soil group

14 Jharsuguda NORTH

WESTERN

PLATEAU ZONE

Low rainfall lateritic soils 3

WEST CENTRAL

TABLE LAND

ZONE

Undulating SUB-mountainous Tract

Rainfed

Plateau Rainfed

15 Kalahandi WESTERN

UNDULATING

ZONE

Red soil, medium rainfall, medium

elevation

8

Red soil, high rainfall, medium

elevation

Red soil, high rainfall. High

elevation

Red and yellow soil, high rainfall,

medium elevation

Black soil, medium rainfall,

medium elevation

Black soil, high rainfall, medium

elevation

Alluvial soil

Forest soil

16 Kendrapada EAST AND

SOUTH

EASTERN

COASTAL PLAIN

ZONE

Costal irrigated alluvium 4

Rainfed alluvium

Costal alluvial saline

Costal waterlogged

17 Keonjhar NORTH

CENTRAL

PLATEAU ZONE

Low elevation, low rainfall 6

Low elevation, medium rainfall

Medium elevation low rainfal

Medium elevation medium rainfall

Medium elevation high rainfall

High elevation high rainfall

18 Khurda EAST AND SOUTH

EASTERN

COASTAL PLAIN

ZONE

Costal irrigated alluvium 6

Rainfed alluvium

Costal alluvial saline

34

Rainfed Lateritic

Rainfed Red and lateritic

Mixed Black & alluvium

19 Koraput EASTERN GHAT

HIGHLAND

ZONE

Farming situation I (Elevation 600-

1000m aboveMSL)

4

Farming situation II (Elevation 300-

600m aboveMSL)

Farming situation III (Elevation

150-300m aboveMSL)

SOUTH

EASTERN GHAT

ZONE

Medium rainfall-high elevation

20 Malkangiri SOUTH

EASTERN GHAT

ZONE

Midium rainfall-low elevation 3

High rainfall-low elevation

Low rainfall-low elevation

21 Mayurbhanja NORTH

CENTRAL

PLATEAU ZONE

Low elevation, low rainfall 4

Low elevation, medium rainfall

Low elevation high rainfall

Medium elevation medium rainfall

22 Nuapada WESTERN

UNDULATING

ZONE

Red soil, medium rainfall,

medium elevation

6

Red soil, high rainfall, medium

elevation

3.Red soil,high rainfall.

Highelevation

Red and yellow soil,high

rainfall,medium elevation

Black soil, medium rainfall,

medium elevation

Forest soil

23 Nawarangpur EASTERN GHAT

HIGHLAND

ZONE

Farming situation I (Elevation 150-

300m aboveMSL)

1

24 Nayagarh EAST AND

SOUTH

EASTERN

COASTAL PLAIN

ZONE

Rainfed Lateritic 1

25 Phulbani

(Kandhamala)

NORTH

EASTERN GHAT

ZONE

Brown forest, high rainfall, high

elevation(500-1000m),rainfed

2

Red and yellow soil, moderate

elevation(300-500m)moderate

irrigation.

35

26 Puri EAST AND

SOUTH

EASTERN

COASTAL PLAIN

ZONE

Costal irrigated alluvium 5

Rainfed alluvium

Costal alluvial saline

Costal waterlogged

Rainfed Lateritic

27 Rayagada NORTH

EASTERN GHAT

ZONE

Red loam soil,moderate

rainfall,high elevation(500-

1000m)rainfed

2

Red loam Soil,low

rainfall,moderate elevation(300-

500m)Moderate irrigation

28 Sambalpur WEST CENTRAL

TABLE LAND

ZONE

Table land canal irrigated 5

Table land rainfed

Undulating SUB-mountaineous

Tract Rainfed

Plateau Rainfed

NORTH

WESTERN

PLATEAU ZONE

High rainfall lateritic soil

29 Sonepur WEST CENTRAL

TABLE LAND

ZONE

Plain Land Irrigated 3

Plain Land Rainfed

Undulating SUB-mountaineous

Tract Rainfed

30. Sundargarh NORTH

WESTERN

PLATEAU ZONE

Low rainfall lateritic soils 5

Medium rainfall red & black soils

High rainfall lateritic soils

Medium rainfall black and brown

forest soils

High rainfall black and brown

forest soils

TOTAL AESs LIMITED TO 120 120

SAIDP: Process & Contents

Process

The Commodity Teams constituted for different production systems took

into account the area, production and productivity trends for the pre-dominant

agri-commodities in different districts of the state for last five years so as to

categorize the districts as high, moderate and low performing with respect to the

commodity production. This template was helpful for delineating district specific

strategies, activities and infrastructure development opportunities. The cross-

36

cutting areas viz. climate & rainfall, irrigation, soil, seed, fertilizer, pesticide,

animal feed, fish feed, credit & insurance, infrastructure like road, energy,

storage, physical markets etc. were also take into cognizance. Furthermore, the

team conducted SWOT analysis and GAP analysis of different production systems

in developing focused strategies and activities for the SAIDP.

The strategies and activities thus prepared, was presented at state level

before the Expert Team for reconfirmation and refinement of the strategies and

activities.

Contents

Summary

Chapter 1: Introduction

Chapter 2: Rationale of SAIDP

Chapter 3: Process of SAIDP preparation

Chapter 4: SWOC Analysis of predominant agri-commodities

Chapter 5: State Agriculture Infrastructure Development Plan

37

SWOC ANALYSIS

Chapter 4

SWOC analysis is a framework used to evaluate a organization /

situation’s competitive position by identifying its strengths, weaknesses,

opportunities and threats. Specifically, SWOC analysis is a foundational

assessment model that measures what an organization can and cannot do, and

its potential opportunities and threats. It takes into cognizance the factors

governing both both internal and external environment. Using both qualitative

and quantitative data the position is evaluated for arriving at an informed

decision. It determines what assists the situation in accomplishing its

objectives, and what obstacles it must overcome or minimize to achieve

desired results: where the organization is today, and intends to go. When

using SWOC analysis, an organization needs to be realistic about its good and

bad points. The organization needs to keep the analysis specific by avoiding

gray areas and analyzing in relation to real-life contexts. For example, how do

the organization’s products and services compare to those of competing

firms? It is short and simple, and avoids complexity and over-analysis

because much of the information is subjective. Thus, organization are using it

as a guide and not a prescription.

Strengths describe what an organization excels at and separates it from

the competition: a strong brand, loyal customer base, a strong balance

sheet, unique technology and so on.

Weaknesses stop an organization from performing at its optimum level.

They are areas where the situation needs to improve to remain

competitive.

Opportunities refer to favorable external factors that an organization can

use to give it a competitive advantage.

Challenges refer to factors that have the potential to harm an organization.

The degree to which the internal environment of the firm matches with the

external environment is expressed by the concept of strategic fit.

Identification of SWOCs is important because they can inform later steps in

planning to achieve the objective.

38

Agriculture Production System

Strength

Varied climate and fertile soils for a wide range of crops

Adequate rainfall

Availability of suitable land types for coverage under oilseed, pulses,

vegetable

Suitable climate and soil for cash crops like sugarcane, cotton and coconut

Hot and humid climate suitable for paddy

Existence of LIP,MIP,WHS, Farm pond, Borewell for both kharif and Rabi

season

Existence of skill labour (For Agril Practices)

Higher participation of women in cultivation

Adequate availability of manpower/labour

Wide market for cereal, crops, pulses

Rising trends in farm mechanization

Insurance support for agricultural crops

Large area under paddy, pulses and groundnut

Silt deposition due to flood is suitable for different crops

Well connected road for marketing of agricultural produces

Wide dealer network for making available fertilizer and pesticides

Farmer participatory seed production suffice the seed requirements of

major crops

Rising trend in Seed Replacement Ratio

Weakness

High soil erosion and irregular rainfall

Soil acidity, high runoff loss of rain water

High percentage of marginal small farms and resource poor farm families

Limited storage facilities for agriculture produces

Unorganised farming community

Lack of capital and flexible financial support

Critical input per as per choice and requirement of the farms are not

available at appropriate time.

39

Imbalance use of chemical fertilizers

Lack of post-harvest technologies

Disorganized market

Lack of knowledge and skill for modern farming practices

Non availability of quality seeds & fertlisers

Improper management of traditional WHS, FP, LIP and others

Lack of Assured irrigation

Un time supply of quality seeds and planting materials

Low farm Mechanization

Less no. of Farm pond

No adequate extension functionaries

No proper infrastructure for base level officials to facilitate farmer training,

visual shows

Water logging in irrigated command area

Micronutrient deficiency in soil

Salinity in ground water in coastal ecology

Areas prone to cyclone, flood

Perennial weeds due to water logging

Spread of soil acidity

Opportunity

Policy / budget provision of check-dam, community threshing floor at

village level.

Thrust on enhancement of agricultural credit system

Introduction of new technology through extension services.

Increasing marketing opportunity for different agricultural product in

domestic and outside market.

Scope for development of single window delivery system

Establishment of more Agril. clinic

Expansion of area under cash crops

Crop diversification and mixed farming

Development of infrastructure for marketing

40

Collective marketing

Increasing awareness and farmers motivation for farm mechanization

Use of renewable energy for farming

Cultivation of oilseeds and pulses in Rice-fallow system

Growing market network to avail inputs

Scope for increasing area under sugarcane and jute

Availability of river bank for vegetables, groundnut and mustard

cultivation

Scope for establishment of mushroom, sunflower and groundnut

processing unit

Existing storage system in “Mandis”

Entrepreneurs for value addition in rice & groundnut

Challenge

Climatic uncertainty

Indiscriminate use of pesticides causing ecological imbalance

Increasing trend in use of chemicals in farming posing threat to pest

resurgence, residual toxicity etc.

Heavy soil erosion in deforestation.

Dominance of middlemen in market operation.

Decreasing trend in use of organic manure

Limited support in crop insurance

Non availability of timely irrigation

Poor communication facility in rural areas

Poor extension service with reduced strength of manpower

Reducing availability of manpower

Monkey and stray cattle

Poor focus on Rural Marketing

Inadequate processing industry

Migration of agricultural labourers to non agricultural works

Distress sale of paddy and pulses

Biodiversity insecurity due to repeated cultivation of paddy

Almost stagnant Minimum Support Price for different crops

41

Horticulture Production System

Strengths

Horticulture crops in general are highly remunerative crops in the State

Soil and climatic conditions are highly favourable for raising almost all

horticultural crops.

The horticulture department in the State has got technical manpower,

supported by research stations and KVKs of OUAT, and ICAR research

institutes.

Increasing industrialization and urbanization and consequent increase in

per capita income create an effective internal and external demand for

horticultural products.

The districts like Koraput, Kandhamal and Keonjhar experience prolonged

winter and mild summer which favours cultivation of high value

vegetables, off-season vegetables and production of quality flowers round

the year.

The state supports growing horticultural crops through MIDH, NHB, RKVY,

Potato Mission, etc. to grow a variety of horticultural crops in the state.

Weaknesses

Planting materials of high value horticultural crops are expensive.

Fruit crops are highly season-bound and hence, year-round production is

not possible.

Lack of adequate demand for processed fruit and vegetable products in

the state

Lack of infrastructural facilities for processing of horticultural products.

Horticultural products are highly perishable in nature.

Demand for horticultural products is less from low income group.

Opportunities

The per capita income of people is in increasing trend, hence, there exist

ample opportunities to increase fruit, vegetable and flower production in

the State.

The tempo of liberalization of the economies in the world and the

functioning of WTO give importance to the export of horticultural products.

42

Horticultural products are season-bound and highly perishable in nature.

Year round demand for these products provide ample opportunity for the

agro-processing entrepreneurs.

Crop diversifications from low-return field crops to high-earning

horticultural crops are the other possible opportunities.

Challenges

High initial investment in raising horticulture crops and low economic

status of majority of farmers.

Inadequate infrastructure facilities for post-harvest handling of highly

perishable horticultural products, pose threat to grow horticultural crops.

Glut of season-bound fruits/vegetables and low prices are the other threats

confronted by farmers involved in growing horticultural crops.

Livestock Production System

Dairy Development Subsector

Strengths

Wide network of field institutions with logistics

Highly technically competent Human resources

Existence of fodder and seed production govt. farms

Orissa Livestock Resources Development Society (OLRDS)

Frozen Semen Bank (FSB) with donor bulls

Existence of Animal Disease Research Institute (ADRI) at State level,

Clinical Investigation Laboratory (CIL) at Regional level, District Diagnostic

Laboratory (DDL) at Dist level and Field Diagnostic Laboratory (FDL) at

field institutions.

Orissa Biological Products Institute (OBPI) —Producing adequate doses of

vaccines.

Training opportunities available at state and district level existence of

Govt. LBD farms

Weaknesses

Vacancies at field level

Inadequate mobility facility

Inadequate supervision & guidance thereby poor follow-up

43

No uniformity in extension methodology

Less attention towards fodder production & promotion.

Inadequate publicity

Inadequate infrastructural facilities for both office & quarters at field level

Meager traveling allowance and no mobile phone recharge facility

Production capacity of Semen doses at FSB is inadequate as per future

requirement

Blanket approach for provision of AI services

Emphasis on clinical investigation at field level is low

Non availability of Subject Matter Specialists in all the districts

All areas do not have organized milk market.

Production cost is high Low productivity of

animals and high cost of

production

Less land available for fodder development

Non-utilization of green / dry fodder as input

Poor feeding Practice Slow growth of milk production and sales

No organized buffalo farming

Opportunities

Consciousness among farmers regarding Artificial Insemination Milk Shed

Existence of Milk route for marketing of milk

Existence of Milk co-operative societies for marketing of milk

NREGS assisted fodder production

Paddy & pulse cropping pattern contributes to dry fodder.

Scope for convergence with allied departments and other agencies for

dovetailing of funds.

Credit linkage with banks

SHGs under different anti poverty programmes (Dairy as key activity)

Huge breedable cattle population

Ever increasing demand for milk & milk products

44

Challenges

Recurrent Natural calamities.

Outbreak of viral diseases

Reduced grazing area

Increasing cost of feed ingredients and medicine

All areas of the state are not conducive for Dairy Development

Existence of large number of stray bulls

Increasing trend of ambient temperature (Global worming)

Migration of labour

Farmers losing interest in dairy farming owing to high cost of production

and un-remunerative price un-remunerative price

New and emerging diseases

New sanitary and phyto-sanitory restrictions in importing countries

High aflatoxin level in milk

Small Ruminants Sub-sector

Strengths

Additional sources of income to farmers

Easy marketability and heavy demand

Consumers’ preference towards mutton and savnon is more

Suitable climatic condition and the local breeds

Low input requirement

Easy flock / herd management

Low investment requirement

Sizable sheep and goat population and

Availability of waste lands and fallow lands

Weaknesses

Unorganized / conventional slaughtering methods

Pricing of sheep by subjective assessment and exploitation of farmers by

the middleman

Inadequate grazing land / seasonal grazing in cropped fields during off-

season.

Non recognized breeds of goat / sheep in the State

45

Non-availability of veterinary aids within the easy reach of sheep/goat

farmers

Lack of quality germplasm

Lack of technological interventions

Lack of scientific method of feeding, breeding and health management

Scarcity of fodder

Improper / insufficient housing leading to low productivity and disease

problems.

Creation of social problems due to indiscriminate grazing at the gardens of

neighbours and

High susceptibility to mastitis due to nomadic type of herd farming.

Opportunities

Quality germ plasm production and distribution by private entrepreneurs.

Popularizing proven improved and less labour intensive farming system

Reducing mineral deficiency related problems and

Adoption of technology interventions by illiterate shepherds.

Challenges

Resistance to adopt new technologies by illiterate shepherds

Reaching the nomadic type of shepherd with goat and sheep herd farming

Non-availability of shepherds for tending the sheep / goat herd.

Frequent occurrences of killer diseases like Blue tongue, sheep pox, PPR

etc.

Inadequate / non-availability of sufficient quantity of vaccines

Cyclone, heavy and continuous downpour of rainfall and flooding and

Inadequate disaster management infrastructure.

Poultry Sub-sector

Strengths

Improved and high yielding breeds are available

Development from subsistence commercial farming possible

Introduction of integrated system by private entrepreneurs

Growing demand for desi-chicken meat and eggs as well as for exotic

chicken meat and eggs.

46

Premium prices for desi chicken meat and eggs.

Adequate Bank loan facilities and

Development of well-knit SHGs throughout the State.

Weaknesses

Reluctance on the part of the farmers in feeding the birds with nutrient rich

feed

Inability of small farmers in competing with the large commercial farms

Wide price fluctuations of meat and eggs

Dwindling of desi-line population and

Inadequate veterinary aids to have full immunization coverage

against Raniket disease.

Opportunities

Renewal of technology support to encourage back-yard poultry farming.

Fool proof health cover to the existing desi lines.

Empowerment of poultry farmers / rural women with latest technologies

Encouragement of custom hatching units in rural households.

Supplementing micro-nutrients to boost up production

Scope for Japanese quail and turkeys.

Encouraging rural women / members of Self Help Groups to take up

backyard poultry farming and

Involvement of Self Help Groups in poultry farming through capacity

building activities.

Challenges

Newly emerging diseases like bird-flue devastates the whole industry

in a locality, if it outbreaks and hence high level of risk is associated

with poultry farming.

High feed cost threatens the growth of poultry industry

Wide fluctuations in prices of broilers and eggs

Unhygienic slaughter of birds and

Diminishing indigenous germ plasm

47

Fisheries Production System

Strengths

Large under/un-utilised freshwater tanks and ponds, lakes and reservoirs,

derelict water bodies, rivers a vast stretch of brackish water resources and

480 km long coastline.

Fish production from capture, capture-cum-culture fisheries and culture

fisheries could be substantially augmented to meet the domestic market

demands and exports from inland, brackish water and marine

environments.

Extra-production functions of fish ponds/tanks.

Use of fishing grounds and fish pond systems by the greater public.

Creation of employment and income generating opportunities for the rural

poor and enhancing their food and livelihood security.

Competitiveness of fishing enterprises.

Existence of organisations coordinating the interests of fisheries.

Adequate processing capacity which could be upgraded to meet EU/ISO

9000/HACCP standards.

Research and Development back up from ICAR Fisheries Research

Institutes.

Adequate trained manpower to develop and manage fisheries in the State

and dissemination/extension of the technologies among the grass root

level stakeholders.

Adequate work force to take up fishing, fish farming, fish processing,

marketing and other ancillary activities.

Weaknesses

According to the Economic Survey for 2005-2006 released by the Odisha

Government the average per capita annual income of the State is placed at

Rs.6,555/-compared to the all India average of Rs.12,414/-. However, the

gap between the per capita income of the State and the country is huge,

which has widened from Rs. 5128 in 2003-04 to Rs. 5859 in 2004-05.

48

In the case of fisheries sector, a white paper on public reforms in Orissa

has placed the average per capita annual income at Rs.6,787/- compared

to the all India average of Rs.10,204/-

Excessive fishing capacity that spawns over-fishing, resource users'

conflicts, and intractable disputes among fishermen deploying different

types of gears.

The fishery sector is faced internally with overcapacity, under-employment

and low per capita earnings, and externally by the lack of alternative

occupations, low levels of literacy and relatively high levels of debt.

Inadequate infrastructure facilities, information and communication

channels, unreliable resource base and statistics, lack of proper fisheries

management and legal mechanisms with the community participation, etc.,

in the State, are some of the limiting factors in promoting cost-effective and

environmentally sustainable methods of harvesting and production; spread

of know-how for maintaining high standards of storage and processing of

produce for value addition; and effective linkages and networks for

profitable marketing of products.

Siltation of the fishery harbours and fish landing centres because of the

natural littoral drift, making most of them non-operational.

Inappropriate management of reservoir fisheries, leading to low

productivity levels.

The majority of small fishing boats lack modern fishing facilities and

equipment.

Opportunities

• Revitalisation and modernisation of the fish ponds/lakes, fish seed

hatcheries and other aquaculture units.

• Measures to contain/prevent fish and shrimp diseases in aquaculture

systems.

• Ever increasing demand for freshwater fish in the domestic market and

marine fish and fishery products both in the domestic and export

markets.

49

• Increasing production of finfish and shellfish species other than Indian

major carps and shrimps from freshwater and coastal/mariculture

systems.

• Upgrading and modernisation of fishery harbours and fish landing

centres, post-harvest and market infrastructure, meeting International

standards of hygiene.

• Reduction of fishing capacity could be induced by the rising fishing

costs (particularly attributed to the high cost of fuel), and the exit of

fishermen from the failing career.

• Greater number of fishermen has now acknowledged, through their

experiential learning, the problems of habitat degradation and fish stock

depletion; the new situation is becoming more conducive to the

introduction of a more stringent management measure.

• Utilisation of the technologies for minimising the adverse environmental

impacts.

• Creation of alternative employment, livelihood and food security

options to the fisher community.

Threats

• Import of less expensive fish and products,

• Clandestine import and introduction of disease infected fish/shrimp

seed in culture systems.

• Introduction of alien and incompatible fish species in aquaculture

systems.

• Increase sedimentation of the coastal structures due to land/river run off,

anthropogenic and natural causes.

• Natural calamities such as unprecedented rain, cyclones, floods,

tsunamis, etc, leading to destruction of the coastal structures,

fish/aquaculture ponds and systems.

• Spread of fish and shrimp diseases.

• Incessant growth in the fishing capacity is a serious threat to the finite

fish stocks.

50

• Greater number of management and trade measures issued by various

international bodies and importing countries often served as trade

regulations that need to be observed.

Farm Mechanization

Strengths

Shortage of farm labour followed by increase in labour cost has certainly

forced the practicing farmers to go for mechanization.

Establishment of Agro Service Centres and wide spread adoption of

custom hiring for use of costly farm implements have become rather easy

today.

Government assistance for procurement of farm implements has become

more transparent and hustles free after the launch of Direct Benefit

Transfer (DBT) scheme by Government of Odisha.

Young enterprising farmers / rural youths from villages across the state

are coming forward to adopt farm mechanization as an alternative for

income generation vis-a vis for providing custom hiring services to all

sections of the farmers.

Weaknesses

The small and marginal holdings in the state of Odisha constitute 92% of

the total holdings; thus growth of farm mechanization in the state has been

hampered.

The socio-economic condition of these sections of farmers hardly permits

them to go for modern implements with higher initial investment.

The undulated topography coupled with fragmented land holdings comes

as a barrier for large scale adoption of modern farm implements

Unwarranted natural calamities following the vagaries of climate change

often breaks the backbone of poor farmers who hardly can plan for better

things such as use of modern implements for better crop.

Opportunities

There has been phenomenal growth in the sale of improved agricultural

implements in the state during recent past following the launch of a good

number of schemes by State and Central Government for their

procurement.

51

The growth of SSI Units and manufacturers of agricultural implements has

been remarkable which indicates that the demand for improved

agricultural implements in the state has increased substantially.

Financial institutions have shown keen interest to support the cause of farm

mechanization considering its significance in the present agrarian sector.

The R & D activities, undertaken by the Research Institutes, Government

Organizations, NGOs etc have yielded quite significantly; especially for

introduction of latest technologies, modification thereafter or attending to

location specific problems.

Challenges

Higher initial investment for procurement of costly agricultural implements

for seasonal use only often retards the mindset of upcoming advanced

farmers.

The After-Sales-Service facility provided by the manufacturer for repair

and maintenance of these advanced implements very often seems to be

inadequate which creates a lot of insecurity.

Until today, a larger section of farmers remain unaware about the modern

technologies due to lack of facility for training and wide spread

demonstration.

Improper supply of vital inputs such as seed, fertilizer, pesticide and water

for crop production system makes hardly any sense for farm

mechanization.

52

Chapter 5

State Agriculture Infrastructure Development Plan (SAIDP)

Infrastructure is the foundation upon which the development per se is

bestowed upon. The desired developmental growth is bolstered by suitable and

sound infrastructure support. The development of the agriculture sector is not

only dependent on advancement in technology but also on the improvement of

agriculture infrastructure. It is unanimously confirmed that rural infrastructure is a

sine qua non for significantly improving the quality of human life and

phenomenally accelerating the process of agricultural development.

Infrastructure projects, however, involve huge initial capital investments, long

gestation periods, high incremental capital output ratio, high risk, and low rate of

returns on investments. Rural infrastructure has direct and strong relationship

with farmers access to institutional finance and markets, and increasing crop

yields, thereby promoting agricultural growth. Agricultural infrastructure has the

potential to transform the existing traditional agriculture or subsistence farming

into a most modern, commercial and dynamic farming system in India.

Agricultural infrastructures are categorized into

Capital intensive, like irrigation, roads, bridges

Capital extensive, like extension services and

Institutional infrastructure, like formal and informal institutions.

Infrastructure, such as irrigation, watershed development, rural

electrification, roads, markets, in close coordination with institutional

infrastructure, such as credit institutions, agricultural research and extension,

rural literacy determines the nature and the magnitude of agricultural output in

India. Adequate infrastructure raises farm productivity and lowers farming costs

and its fast expansion accelerates agricultural as well as economic growth rate.

It is acknowledged that infrastructure plays a strategic role in producing

larger multiplier effects in the economy with agricultural growth. It is estimated

that a 1% increase in the stock of infrastructure is associated with a 1% increase

53

in GDP across all countries. The level of both physical and institutional

infrastructure significantly influences the spread of proven and demonstrated

yield enhancing agricultural technology. Agricultural infrastructure primarily

includes wide range of public services that facilitate production, procurement,

processing, preservation and trade.

Agricultural infrastructure can be grouped under following broad

based categories.

Input based infrastructure: Seed, Fertilizer, Pesticides, Farm

equipment and machinery etc.

Resource based infrastructure: Water/irrigation, Farm power/energy

Physical infrastructure: Road connectivity, Transport, storage,

processing, preservation, etc

Institutional infrastructure: Agricultural research, extension &

education technology, information & communication services,

financial services, marketing, etc.

Adequate infrastructure facilities help in raising production and lowering

the unit cost of production activities. Infrastructure both physical and institutional

such as rural literacy, irrigation, tube wells, tractors, roads, electricity, regulated

markets, storage capacity and financial institutions etc. together play a key role in

determining the agriculture output. This document underscores the importance of

infrastructure especially for agriculture development. Institutional infrastructure

such as regulated markets, storage capacity with Government agencies and

financial institutions play a pivotal role in the growth of agriculture sector.

Development in the regulated markets can encourage the farmers to increase the

amount of sale and take products to the market places instead of selling at the

farm gate. Financial institutions play a vital role in development of agriculture

sector. Financial institutions provide the credit facilities to buy the equipment

such as tractors, pump sets and other durables at low interest rate as compared to

private money lenders. This institutional credit further reduces the cost of

borrowing and increases the investment in production that enhances the returns

to the farmers.

54

Rural infrastructure is considered as a critical supply side factor

influencing growth and diversification in agriculture. By definition,

infrastructure basically includes permanent installation of capital goods which

provide long term services to basic economic activities like production and

exchange. Installation of these goods smoothens volatilities in prices and

products by linking demand and supply, albeit with a time lag. Good

infrastructure raises productivity and lowers production cost. In addition,

good and balanced infrastructure is expected to promote crop diversity.

Although some studies have examined the role of rural infrastructure on

agricultural productivity, literature on role of infrastructure on crop

diversification is scanty. Prima facie, it seems that the effect of infrastructure

on diversification can be either positive or negative. If infrastructure is

developed selectively, say for example sugarcane procurement and

marketing network is advanced, then in every likelihood there may be

concentration of sugarcane in the locality. On the contrary, if all items of

infrastructure in general, viz. road, irrigation, electricity, communications,

banking, marketing, etc. are developed evenly, then that may facilitate

diversification.

In order to continue the momentum and also give fillip to the infrastructure

development, Govt. of India came up with a separate focus on infrastructure,

while preparing the State Agriculture Plan (SAP). Accordingly, the states were

advised to come up with three separate sets of plans; viz. Comprehensive District

Agricultural Plans (CDAP), State Agriculture Plan and State Agriculture

Infrastructure Development Plans (SAIDP). The SAIDP plan preparation was

initiated with twin objectives viz. District level plans encompassing plans for all

the agriculture and allied sectors with overall development and the other was the

State plan as a whole (sector specific plans in that). On the other hand, the state

level sectoral plans were prepared by involving the state level line department

functionaries and other stakeholders. Of course the state (sectoral) plan is a

compilation of district plans across sectors. The State Agriculture Infrastructure

Development Plan report comprises of the following sections:

55

SAIDP: Crop Sub-Sector

SAIDP: Horticulture Sub-Sector

SAIDP: Animal Husbandry Sub-Sector

SAIDP: Fisheries Sub-Sector

SAIDP: Farm Mechanization

SAIDP: Soil & Water Conservation

SAIDP: Precision Farming

SAIDP: Agriculture Marketing

Conclusions and recommendations

General Profile of the state

The state of Odisha was formed on linguistic basis on 1st April 1934. The

state has certain geographical advantages which will be handy for it to rise to the

expectations of the population. The state is also endowed with natural resources

such as minerals, forests, agricultural diversity, long sea coast and many rivers

among others.

The state is primarily dependent on agriculture as vast areas of land is

committed to this sector besides dependence on allied sectors such as animal

husbandry, fisheries and sericulture among others. The states is divided into 30

districts and 314 blocks. Odisha is blessed with plentiful natural resources and a

long coastline. It contains a fifth of India’s coal, a quarter of its iron ore, one third

of its bauxite reserves and abundant quantities of chromite. Major aluminum and

steel plants are located in Odisha. It is also the first state in India to initiate

privatization of its electricity transmission and distribution business. About 60 per

cent of the population depends on agriculture and the performance of Odisha’s

agriculture sector is highly dependent and susceptible to adverse impact of

natural shocks in form of cyclones, droughts and floods. As per Census, the

percentage share of cultivators and agricultural workers in the state has declined

from about 65 per cent in 2001 to 62 per cent in 2011. Earlier, Odisha had high

deficit levels as close to 50 per cent to GSDP which has now declined to less than

20 per cent of GSDP in 2013-14. Thus, the overall macro scenario is rapidly

improving in Odisha.

56

The agriculture sector in Odisha provides employment and sustenance to

more than 60 per cent of the population. Cereals constitute more than 90 per cent

of total production of food grains and paddy continues to be the dominant crop. It

has more than 35 per cent area under irrigation. However, it has been observed

that there has been a gradual shift from paddy to cash crops and from local variety

of paddy to HYV paddy. The sector is susceptible to natural calamities like

cyclones, droughts and flash floods which results in wide annual fluctuations in the

sectoral growth. The share of agricultural economy to GSDP has been going down

over the years. Moreover, there are fluctuations in agricultural income in the state

over the years, triggered by environmental factors. In recent decade, the State

economy of Odisha has witnessed a sectoral shift from agriculture towards

industry and services sectors. Besides these shifts, agriculture is still being

considered as a priority sectorfor the State and therefore, a new Agricultural

Policy is being implemented since 2013. In the drought-hit western part of the

state, the current rate of interest on crop loan has been reduced so that small,

medium and marginal farmers of the State can continue with farming.

Covering 35 percent of geographical area as the net cropped area and

dependence of more than 60 percent of State’s workforce on it for their

sustenance, agriculture in Odisha is the sector that is closely connected to the

welfare of the citizens. This is reinforced by a sectoral share of about 20 percent in

total GSDP of the State. The State Government is keen to increase agricultural

production and raise productivity through improved land and water management,

scientific rain-fed agricultural techniques, well-functioning agricultural markets,

application of better technology, higher public and private investments and

effective implementation of ongoing programmes in agriculture and allied

sectors. Major initiatives by the State Government to make agriculture and allied

sectors more viable and sustainable are presented below;

Constitution of a State level task force on agriculture development and

rejuvenation.

Provision of an exclusive agriculture budget with constantly increasing trend

from Rs. 7162.00 crore in 2013-14 to Rs.13181.89 crore in 2016-17.

Forming a separate “Agriculture Cabinet” for farmer-centric development.

State Potato Mission for making the State self-sufficient in production of potato

by the year 2017-18.

57

Formulating “Odisha Fisheries Policy, 2015” for aquaculture development

Table 5.1: General Statistics: Odisha vs. India

Particulars Unit Year Odisha India

State Geography & Rural Infrastructure

Geographical area ‘000 sq km 2011 155.8 3,287.3

Districts Nos ‘’ 30 640

Sub-Districts ‘’ ‘’ 476 5,924

Villages ‘000 ‘’ 51.3 640.9

Households Million ‘’ 9.6 249.5

Rural Households

2001 ‘000 2001 6,783 137,414

2011 ‘’ 2011 8,144 168,565

Rural Households with Electricity

2001 % 2001 19 44

2011 ‘’ 2011 36 55

Rural Households with Tap water supply

2001 % 2001 3 24

2011 ‘’ 2011 7 31

Human Population

Population Millions 2011 41.9 1,210.1

Urban (As % of total) % ‘’ 16.7 31.2

Rural (As % of total) ‘’ ‘’ 83.3 68.8

Density of Population Persons/

sq.km

‘’ 269 382

Scheduled Castes (As % of total) % ‘’ 17.1 16.6

Scheduled Tribes (As % of total) ‘’ ‘’ 22.8 8.6

Sex Ratio Ratio ‘’ 978 943

58

Literacy Rate (excluding population of 0 to 6 age group)

Male % 2011 82.4 80.9

Female % ‘’ 64.4 64.6

Urban % ‘’ 86.5 84.1

Rural % ‘’ 70.8 67.8

Per Capita Income (at current prices) ` 2013-14 54,241 74,380

Livestock Population Million 2012 20.7 512.0

Bovine ‘’ ‘’ 12.3 299.9

Indigenous Cattle ‘’ ‘’ 10.3 151.2

Crossbred Cattle ‘’ ‘’ 1.3 39.7

Buffaloes ‘’ ‘’ 0.7 108.7

Small Ruminants ‘’ ‘’ 8.1 200.2

Poultry ‘’ ‘’ 19.9 729.2

Livestock Population Million 2007 23.1 529.7

Bovine ‘’ ‘’ 13.5 304.8

Indigenous Cattle ‘’ ‘’ 10.6 166.0

Crossbred Cattle ‘’ ‘’ 1.7 33.1

Buffaloes ‘’ ‘’ 1.2 105.3

Small Ruminants ‘’ ‘’ 8.9 212.1

Poultry ‘’ ‘’ 20.6 648.9

Table 5.2: Net State Domestic Product (NSDP) and Per Capita Income

Sector At Current Prices (crores)

2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15

State Domestic Product 67,987 73,550 87,921 111,109 127,516 135,837 164,760 183,522 210,622 227,877 260,222

1. Agriculture 13,678 14,709 16,690 25,175 25,070 27,315 29,435 28,718 40,671 39,035 44,667

2. Forestry & Logging 2,543 2,390 2,716 3,198 3,228 3,520 4,456 4,604 4,638 5,582 5,538

3. Fishing 948 1,047 1,115 1,208 1,456 1,605 1,996 2,230 2,774 3,134 3,789

4. Agriculture &

Allied (1+2+3)

17,169 18,147 20,521 29,581 29,754 32,440 35,888 35,553 48,084 47,751 53,995

As % of NSDP 25.25 24.67 23.34 26.62 23.33 23.88 21.78 19.37 22.83 20.95 20.75

Sub-total of Primary 22,009 23,937 27,534 39,465 42,614 44,397 53,378 56,507 68,842 69,976 76,644

As % of NSDP 32.37 32.55 31.32 35.52 33.42 32.68 32.40 30.79 32.69 30.71 29.45

Sub-total of Secondary 15,851 15,602 20,540 25,701 28,930 23,837 28,859 33,879 36,787 39,699 47,432

As % of NSDP 23.31 21.21 23.36 23.13 22.69 17.55 17.52 18.46 17.47 17.42 18.23

Services 30,127 34,010 39,847 45,943 55,972 67,603 82,524 93,136 104,993 118,202 136,146

As % of NSDP 44.31 46.24 45.32 41.35 43.89 49.77 50.09 50.75 49.85 51.87 52.32

Per Capita Income (`) 17,650 18,846 22,237 27,735 31,416 33,029 39,537 43,463 49,227 52,559 59,229

59

Sector

At 2004-05 Prices (crores)

2004-

05

2005-

06

2006-

07

2007-

08

2008-

09

2009-

10

2010-

11

2011-

12

2012-

13

2013-

14

2014-

15

State Domestic

Product

67,987 71,005 79,845 86,692 93,207 93,957 99,880 103,628 107,664 108,081 116,566

1. Agriculture 13,678 14,152 14,339 15,088 15,281 16,760 17,031 16,784 18,903 16,337 16,584

2. Forestry &

Logging

2,543 2,615 2,699 2,700 2,737 2,757 2,669 2,735 2,752 2,613 2,619

3. Fishing 948 979 1,009 1,053 1,086 1,067 1,122 1,120 1,253 1,380 1,426

4. Agriculture &

Allied (1+2+3)

17,169 17,745 18,047 18,840 19,104 20,584 20,823 20,639 22,908 20,330 20,629

As % of NSDP 25.25 24.99 22.60 21.73 20.50 21.91 20.85 19.92 21.28 18.81 17.70

Sub-total of Primary 22,009 22,833 24,177 24,699 25,194 26,829 26,322 25,469 27,311 24,684 24,289

As % of NSDP 32.37 32.16 30.28 28.49 27.03 28.55 26.35 24.58 25.37 22.84 20.84

Sub-total of

Secondary

15,851 15,101 18,461 21,580 22,419 17,339 18,586 20,025 20,003 20,030 23,115

As % of NSDP 23.31 21.27 23.12 24.89 24.05 18.45 18.61 19.32 18.58 18.53 19.83

Services 30,127 33,071 37,206 40,412 45,593 49,789 54,971 58,133 60,350 63,367 69,162

As % of NSDP 44.31 46.58 46.60 46.62 48.92 52.99 55.04 56.10 56.05 58.63 59.33

Per Capita Income 17,650 18,194 20,194 21,640 22,963 22,846 23,968 24,542 25,163 24,929 26,531

Table 5.3: Value of Output: Agriculture and Livestock

Item At Current Prices

2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11

Value of Output (` billion)

Agriculture &

Allied

235 245 279 383 397 436 482

Agriculture 159 170 190 278 274 291 311

Livestock 32 32 41 49 65 80 90

Milk 16 17 19 22 25 29 32

Meat 13 12 16 19 25 35 40

Egg 2 2 2 3 5 6 7

Dung 3 3 5 5 11 12 13

Others^ -2 -2 -2 -1 -1 -1 -2

Share of Value of Output to Agriculture and Allied (%)

Agriculture 67.7 69.4 68.1 72.6 69.0 66.7 64.5

Livestock 13.6 13.1 14.7 12.8 16.4 18.3 18.7

Share of Value of Output to Livestock Output (%)

Milk 50.9 52.3 46.1 45.6 39.1 36.1 35.5

Meat 40.5 37.8 39.9 39.4 39.1 43.7 44.7

Egg 5.9 6.1 6.1 6.4 7.2 7.6 7.5

Dung 9.4 9.7 11.6 10.1 16.9 14.4 14.1

Others -6.7 -5.9 -3.8 -1.5 -2.3 -1.8 -1.8

60

Infrastructure variation amongst districts of the state

Based on available in rural infrastructure the ranking of the 30 districts of

the state was carried out as given hereunder. The relative positions of all the

thirty districts of Odisha in relation to rural infrastructure are presented in the

table below. Only physical infrastructure items like road, irrigation, electricity

and communication have been included.

Table 5.3.1 INFI index and ranking of districts

SN Districts INFI Rank SN Districts INFI Rank

1 Anugul 5.956 15 16 Kandhamal 2.204 30

2 Balangir 4.331 22 17 Kendrapara 10.060 1

3 Baleshwar 9.592 4 18 Keonjhar 4.930 17

4 Baragarh 6.789 12 19 Khordha 9.823 3

5 Baudh 4.199 25 20 Koraput 3.731 27

6 Bhadrak 9.939 2 21 Malkangiri 3.902 26

7 Cuttack 9.283 6 22 Mayurbhanj 4.904 18

8 Debagarh 4.410 21 23 Nabarangpur 2.696 29

9 Dhenkanal 7.260 11 24 Nayagarh 7.297 10

10 Gajapati 4.785 20 25 Nuapada 4.278 24

11 Ganjam 8.019 9 26 Puri 9.123 7

12 Jagatsingpur 9.592 5 27 Rayagada 3.274 28

13 Jajapur 8.470 8 28 Sambalpur 5.820 16

14 Jharsuguda 6.280 13 29 Sonepur 5.962 14

15 Kalahandi 4.295 23 30 Sundargarh 4.873 19

Source: C. Nayak (2015). Rural Infrastructure, Land Productivity and Crop

Diversification in Odisha, India: An Assessment

Strategies Proposed for Agricultural Infrastructure Development

The state of Odisha is challenged with several issues in agriculture and

allied sectors. Many of these are concerned with the natural resources coupled

with the management of the farms and the enterprises. Some of the most common

and frequent issues concerning agriculture in the state are as follows.

Frequent droughts in some areas and cyclones in some other areas.

Almost absence of quality management in inputs except for notional

quality control measures from the concerned departments.

Frequent market failures for several commodities

61

Inadequate and poor quality infrastructure not only for core agriculture

but also for the allied sectors

62

Technology adoption is moderate to high in central costal districts while it

is low to medium in the other districts

Marketing and value addition infrastructure is highly inadequate that

needs urgent attention

Some of the strategies that need to be adopted on priority are as follows:

Setting up of an animal reproduction institute taking up research on

topical issues and advising the State from time to time, besides training

The State Level Coordination committee must meet frequently to discuss

various issues of scheme implementation.

Create a matching fund by pooling funds from agricultural cess (from

markets) and budgetary support of the state

Promote district level agricultural advisory bodies by drafting serving

and retired scientists and line department officials besides

representatives from NGOs and farmers.

Directorate of Agriculture& Food Production

The infrastructures available for agriculture sector across the state are

presented in Table -5.4

Table-5.4 :Infrastructure available for Agriculture sector in the state

Sl.No Infrastructure No Place

1 Fertiliser testing

unit

5 Bhubaneswar, Sambalpur, Rayagarha, Balasore,

Berhampore

2 Bio-fertiliser

testing

laboratory

1 Bhubaneswar

3 Pesticide quality

control

laboratory

1 Bhubaneswar

4 Seed testing

laboratory

3 Bhubaneswar,Bargarh,Berhampore

5 Soil testing

laboratory

30 In all districts

6 Mobile soil

testing unit

17

7 Mini soil testing

unit

314 In all blocks

63

Table 5.5: New Proposed Infrastructures in XIII Plan Period ( Rs. Lakhs.)

Sl.No Name of work Unit Place Budget

outlay(lakhs)

1 Biofertiliser Production

Laboratory

3 Bhubaneswar,

Samblapur,

Berhampore

900.00

2 Biofertliser testing

laboratory

2 Berhampore

Bargarh

500.00

3 Pesticide quality control 2 Sambalpur

Berhampore

2000.00

4 Seed testing referral

laboratory unit

3 OUAT,Bhubaneswar,

CA,Bhawanipatna

Bhadrak

2400.00

5 Hi-tech soil testing

laboratory

3 Bhubaneswar,

Sambalpur,

Berhampore

1500.00

6 Central laboratory with state

of the art facility

1 OUAT,Bhubaneswar 1000.00

7 Product quality control unit 3 Khorda

Bargarh

Balasore

2400.00

8 Bio-control production unit 2 Bhawanipatna

Chiplima

600.00

9 Model IFS unit in each block 314 All blocks 15700.00

10 Strengthening and

renovation of seed

processing unit

13 All revenue districts 1300.00

11 Agriculture Information

centre

314 All blocks 15700.00

12 Seed multiplication Farm 13 All revenue districts 1300.00

13 Development of Instructional

farm

4 Bhubaneswar

Chiplima

Bhawanipatna

Rangeilunda

2000.00

14 Modern Silo centers for seed

storage

30 All districts 6000.00

15 Single window input centre 314 All blocks 6280.00

16 Vehicles for all district level

agriculture officers

30 All districts 1500.00

17 Establishment of 2nd 1 200000.00

64

Agriculture University

Total 261080.00

Directorate of Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Services

On 3rd October 2015, the State Government has come out with new

“Odisha Bovine Breeding Policy, 2015” to make dairy farming economically

viable. The policy aims to increase number of economically productive milch

animals, conserve and improve indigenous germplasm, increase local

adaptability of dairy animals. The Odisha Livestock Resource Development

Society (OLRDS) is the principal implementing agency for the policy. The policy

envisages to gradually replace popular low-milk yielding cow breed with high-

yield Tharparkar and Binjharpuri breeds. It calls for genetic up-gradation

programme with the introduction of germplasms of Sahiwal, Gir and Tharparkar.

Rather than mating stray bulls with cows, more scientific and technology-driven

artificial insemination programme would be put in place. The target is to cover at

least 40 per cent of the non-descript cattle, 70 per cent of the cross bred cattle

and 40 per cent of the buffaloes under organised breeding programme. In order

to produce good quality stock with higher production potentiality, the

Government plans to use imported and progeny tested exotic semen.

Over the two decades, ending in 2014-15, milk production in Odisha has

increased from 5.8 lakh metric tonnes (LMT) in 1994-95 to 19.0 LMT exhibiting a

CAGR of 6.4 per cent. The increase is amidst decline in the number of in-milk

bovine and can solely be attributed to milk yield which is rising at CAGR of 6.7

per cent. The growth in yield of in-milk dairy animals is phenomenal. Milk

production in the districts of Malkangiri, Koraput, Jajapur, Debagarh, Subarnapur

and Baleshwar is rapidly growing at a CAGR of 10 per cent or higher. However,

six districts of Cuttack, Puri, Ganjam, Jagatsinghapur, Baleshwar and Jajapur

remain major milk sheds accounting for 40 per cent of States milk production.

Specie-wise, the milk production in Odisha is cattle based and the share of

buffalo milk is merely 15per cent in total production. Regarding utilisation, the

dairy farmers in the State retain only 25 per cent of the milk at household level,

sell about 60 per cent as fluid milk and convert only 18 per cent of the milk into

value added dairy products.

65

The State has devised several strategies for improving veterinary

infrastructure and service delivery system. To this end, animal health care is

being provided through a network of 540 veterinary hospitals & dispensaries and

2,939 Livestock Aid Centres (LAC) at Gram Panchayat level. Beside these, two

Biological Products Institutes are functional at Bhubaneswar and Berhampur to

provide different vaccines needed for the Disease Control Programme in the

State. Artificial insemination is a thrust area for dairy development and is being

rendered through a network of 5,826 AI centres in the State. Special attention has

been given for production of quality frozen semen for insemination purpose and

accordingly activities at the Frozen Semen Bank (FSB) located at Cuttack has been

strengthened with rearing of 39 Jersey, 18 Cross-bred, 16 Red-Sindhi and 12

Haryana donating breeding bulls. In addition, special infertility camps are

organized in the state. Moreover, there are farms in the State to produce high

pedigree bull calves.

Odisha is one of the few states that has estimated present demand for

green fodder in the State at about 312 lakh MT and that of dry fodder at 139 lakh

MT and juxtaposed these figures with availability of about 161 lakh MT green

fodder and 106 lakh MT dry fodder. Accordingly, the activities of eight

departmental fodder seed production units have been to provide fodder seeds

(at subsidized rates), mini kits, perennial roots & slips to the farmers. Under

fodder development programme, farmers are encouraged to develop fodder

plots in their own land. It also provides chaff cutters and feeding troughs to the

farmers. In addition to fodder plots, demonstrations are also being given for

Azola and UTPS pits. Under technology-knowledge and strategy programme,

breeder fodder seeds are produced which get multiplied into certified seeds in

the farmers fields. Beside State Plan, many new schemes have been introduced to

augment feed resources in Odisha.

Policies and schemes for dairy development in Odisha

The Department of Fisheries & Animal Resources Development

department (F&ARD) in Odisha came into existence in 1991 after being bifurcated

from the erstwhile Forest, Fisheries & Animal Resources Development

Department. Within F&ARD, there is a Directorate for Animal Husbandry &

Veterinary Services (AH&VS) which is headed by a Director. In the field, AH&VS

has thirteen Chief District Veterinary Officers in charge of 13 districts and in

66

remaining 17 districts, the Sub-Divisional Veterinary Officers functioning in the

district headquarter are looking after the districts affairs. Besides, there is a

Frozen Semen Bank and 2 Orissa Biological Product Institutes. There are 540

veterinary hospitals (VDs), about 3,000 Livestock Aid Centres (LAC) to provide

veterinary services. The activities of the department are supported by:

Odisha Livestock Resource Development Society (OLRDS):

Formed and registered in 2000 for spearheading livestock breeding

activities and ensuring timely and meaningful implementation of National Project

for Cattle & Buffalo Breeding” (NPCBB) in the State of Orissa for breeding

activities

The Odisha Cooperative Milk Producers Federation Ltd (OMFED):

Established in the year 1980, the major objectives of the Federation is to

carry out activities for promoting production, procurement, processing and

marketing of milk and milk products for economic development of the rural dairy

farming community.

Utkal Gomangal Samiti (UGS):

Established in the year 1936, the aim and objectives of the Samiti is to

bring all ound development of the livestock through up-gradation of local

indigenous stock by providing improved bulls, Cows, Calves, Buffalo Bulls and

Bucks etc. and to propagate different types of fodder cultivation, Cattle Feed and

encourage public for the same.

State Society for Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (SPCA) 59 of 1960

(Central Act):

In 1976, Government of Odisha has enforced the Act in the state for

wellbeing of animals. The main objective of this act is to generate public

consciousness towards kindness and compassion to animals. Besides this, Animal

Birth Control Programme (ABC), relief and rescue operation, animal health camp,

media programmes, relief and rescue operations are also organised. The

ongoing schemes can be classified into four categories viz.

Central Schemes for animal husbandry;

States Schemes for animal husbandry;

Central Schemes for dairy development;

State Plan for dairy development – a) state sector & b) district sector.

67

Table 5.6: Approved Project Cost for Dairying under Rashtriya Krishi Vikas

Yojana(RKVY)in Odisha

Segment

Approved Project Cost (` crores)

2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 Grand

Total

Dairy

Development

(Including

Infrastructure)

4.69 29.40 1.99 9.80 6.77 1.40 37.91 91.97

Establishment of

Cattle Feed Plant

26.60 26.60

Others 5.10 2.71 7.81

Strengthening of

Dairy educational

Institutes,

Training Centers

2.32

2.32

Total 4.69 29.40 1.99 12.12 6.77 6.50 67.23 128.70

Table 5.7: Approved Project Costfor Animal Husbandryunder RKVY inOdisha

Segment

Approved Project Cost (crores)

2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 Grand

Total

Animal Breeding

Improvement

(Including

improving AI

delivery system,

Frozen Semen Lab, Calf rearing)

2.43

22.11

11.17

85.67

19.96

141.34

Infrastructure

Development-

Veterinary

Institutes, Mobile

Veterinary unit,

Semen Station and

lab, Disease Lab,

Diagnostic center,

Training center

etc

7.20

13.10

15.33

12.71

48.34

Poultry

Development

12.26 12.26

68

Goat Development 2.5 2.5 5.00 10.00

Capacity Building 8.99 8.99

Cattle Feed Plant

5.83

5.83

Animal Health camp 2.69 2.69

Others 0.83 0.65 1.48

Development of

Farm

0.57 0.57

Total 0.57 28.55 0.00 31.75 26.77 103.49 40.36 231.49

Table 5.8: District-wise Breedable Population

Districts Indigenous Cattle (‘000) Crossbred Cattle (‘000) Buffalo (‘000)

1997 2003 2007 2012 1997 2003 2007 2012 1997 2003 2007 2012

ODISHA 4,275 4,323 3,627 3,362 447 514 618 667 454 474 425 284

Anugul 175 151 119 111 15 16 6 12 15 11 11 4

Balangir 135 134 104 57 12 16 54 29 32 42 41 15

Baleshwar 319 293 293 305 13 17 11 19 2 2 2 2

Bargarh 116 81 70 35 39 48 36 56 10 10 9 8

Baudh 80 77 64 43 2 4 4 5 14 15 14 6

Bhadrak 181 243 215 219 11 15 15 7 5 10 3

Cuttack 202 198 126 152 61 72 49 103 14 15 13 11

Debagarh 60 54 43 44 1 1 15 2 4 3 3 1

Dhenkanal 172 166 162 154 11 28 6 7 27 21 21 11

Gajapati 66 62 46 4 6 9 6 8 7 4 4

Ganjam 301 299 171 212 14 11 64 12 53 47 32 32

Jagatsinghapur 73 77 53 48 43 61 28 94 9 8 7 7

Jajapur 230 249 272 218 9 10 7 9 5 5 7 3

Jharsuguda 49 42 55 25 3 4 5 6 2 2 3 2

Kalahandi 128 115 80 69 8 9 5 12 26 23 17 16

Kandhamal 81 90 62 84 2 2 11 1 22 25 29 22

Kendrapara 157 198 169 150 33 17 22 39 18 10 7 9

Kendujhar 189 244 212 161 16 18 16 17 13 14 13 5

Khordha 149 147 108 27 27 35 8 9 5 5

Koraput 151 193 220 140 11 6 12 9 39 61 35 25

69

Malkangiri 136 108 163 124 2 1 4 2 12 12 17 7

Mayurbhanj 214 225 209 199 18 21 13 19 7 8 7 6

Nabarangapur 104 115 91 92 3 4 10 8 16 14 13 14

Nayagarh 120 100 76 73 4 4 13 3 10 10 12 4

Nuapada 62 77 40 43 1 2 2 2 10 13 11 8

Puri 147 146 188 120 47 61 99 8 11 15 10

Rayagada 109 98 43 88 2 4 3 36 41 42 25

Sambalpur 110 96 74 61 12 12 12 17 9 8 6 4

Subarnapur 66 61 53 33 9 10 17 16 8 7 4 3

Sundargarh 192 181 171 148 13 10 5 11 12 16 14 11

Table 5.9: Year and District-wise Veterinary Institutes

Districts Number of Veterinary Institutes

2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14

ODISHA 3,479 3,479 3,479 3,479 3,479 3,479

Anugul 97 97 97 97 97 97

Balangir 139 139 139 139 139 139

Baleshwar 145 145 145 145 145 145

Bargarh 138 138 138 138 138 138

Baudh 35 35 35 35 35 35

Bhadrak 111 111 111 111 111 111

Cuttack 198 198 198 198 198 198

Debagarh 24 24 24 24 24 24

Dhenkanal 104 104 104 104 104 104

Gajapati 65 65 65 65 65 65

Ganjam 284 284 284 284 284 284

Jagatsinghapur 104 104 104 104 104 104

Jajapur 120 120 120 120 120 120

Jharsuguda 44 44 44 44 44 44

Kalahandi 150 150 150 150 150 150

Kandhamal 107 107 107 107 107 107

Kendrapara 102 102 102 102 102 102

Kendujhar 135 135 135 135 135 135

Khordha 118 118 118 118 118 118

Koraput 154 154 154 154 154 154

Malkangiri 63 63 63 63 63 63

70

Mayurbhanj 209 209 209 209 209 209

Nabarangapur 89 89 89 89 89 89

Nayagarh 88 88 88 88 88 88

Nuapada 55 55 55 55 55 55

Puri 160 160 160 160 160 160

Rayagada 117 117 117 117 117 117

Sambalpur 131 131 131 131 131 131

Subarnapur 48 48 48 48 48 48

Sundargarh 145 145 145 145 145 145

A.H. Infrastructure in XII Plan Period

The state has benefitted from the XIIth plan funding. The important ones

are tabulated below

Table 5.10 : Infrastructure built during XII Plan Period

Sl.

No.

Name of Work During 2012-17 During 2017-18

Ph F Ph F

1 Conservation of

Kendrapara sheep

50

2 Est. of state of art TVCC 01 370

3 Service Delivery at

CVSc&AH

140

4 Est. of model livestock

farm at ILF, CVSc&AH

70

5 Est. of OT for animal

ophthalmic surgery

100

6 Livestock Service

infrastructure and

Modernisation of Offices

438.14

7 Establishment of GMP

Compatible Vaccine

Production Unit for

Anthrax and Entero

toximea vaccine

140

8 Establishment of GMP

Compatible Viral

Vaccine Production Unit

280

71

under

9 Opening of New LAC 56.51

Total 560 1084.65

New proposals during XIIIth period (2018-22)

Looking to the local district and state need following infrastructures have

been proposed during rest of the four years of XIIIth plan period.

Table 5.11: New Proposed Infrastructures in XIII Plan Period (Rs. in Lacs)

Sl.

No.

Name of Work During

2018-19

During

2019-20

During

2020-21

During

2021-22

Total

Ph F Ph F Ph F Ph F Ph F

1 Construction of

New VD

Building

10 100 10 100 10 100 10 100 40 400

2 Construction of

New LAC

Building

20 100 20 100 20 100 20 100 80 100

3 Vety. Univ

Building

50 50 50 50 200

4 2nd Vety.

College

Building

50 50 50 50 200

5 Dairy Sc.

College

building

50 50 50 50 200

6 Animal

Ambulance

10 200 10 200 10 200 10 200 40 800

7 Adv. Diagnostic

Instruments

10 500 10 500 10 500 10 500 10 2000

8 Est. of OPU-IVF-

ETT Lab. for

quick

propagation of

Binjharpuri

Cattle

01 10 10 10 10 01 40

9 Est. of second

sperm station

01 100 100 100 100 01 400

10 Equip. and

construction for

01 100 100 100 100 01 400

72

sperm sexing

Lab.

11 Renovation of 12

LBD farms

03 15 03 15 03 15 03 15 12 60

12 Renovation of

Sheep and Goat

farms

02 10 02 10 02 10 02 10 08 40

13 Renovation of

poultry farm

01 05 01 05 01 05 01 05 04 20

14 Construction of

04 new LBD

farms

01 05 01 05 01 05 01 05 04 20

15 Construction of

04 new Sheep

and Goat farms

01 05 01 05 01 05 01 05 04 20

16 Construction of

04 new poultry

farm

01 05 01 05 01 05 01 05 04 20

17 Renovation of

OBPI, BBSR

01 20 20 20 20 01 80

18 Renovation of

OBPI,

Berhampur

01 10 10 10 10 01 40

19 Construction of

new fodder farm

01 05 01 05 01 05 01 05 04 20

20 Renovation of

Duck farm

01 05 01 05 00 00 00 00 02 10

21 Construction of

new Duck farm

00 00 00 00 01 05 01 05 02 10

22 Renovation of

one pig farm

01 05 00 00 00 00 00 00 01 05

23 Construction of

one new pig

farm

01 05 00 00 00 00 00 00 01 05

24 Renovation of

one Rabbit farm

01 05 00 00 00 00 00 00 01 05

25 Est. of Buffalo

breed. farm

01 10 00 00 00 00 00 00 01 10

Total

70 1370 61 1345 61 1345 61 1345 223 5105

70

Directorate of Fisheries

Table 5.12: Source of funds for 04 years SAP (2018-2022) Fisheries Department, Odisha (Rs. In crores)

Sl.

No

Components GoI

Share

State

share

NFDB MPEDA RKVY NREGS RIDF ASIDE CDA/FC Total Own

share/ credit

Total

1 . Inland Aquaculture 128.91 48.10 168.74 - 0.85 848.36 5.75 - - 1200.71 1270.49 2471.20

2. Brackish water

Aquaculture

51.75 17.25 70.23 0.35 - - - - - 139.58 75.42 215.00

3. Marine Fisheries 95.53 140.55 14.23 2.88 - - - - - 253.19 100.10 353.29

4. Development of

Infrastructure for

fisheries

185.05 61.69 116.89 0.58 - - - - - 362.21 362.31

5. Fishermen welfare 80.21 114.23 11.98 - - - - - - 206.42 206.42

6. Fishery

management

6.33 7.58 - - - - - - - 13.91 13.91

7. Export Development - - - - - - - 6.90 - 6.90 6.90

8. Chilka Fishery

Development

0.55 1.99 21.07 0.60 - - - - 4.38 28.59 28.59

9. Capacity building 1.84 1.39 22.06 - - - - - - 25.29 25.29

Total 550.17 392.78 425.20 4.41 0.85 848.36 5.75 6.90 4.38 2236.80 1446.01 3682.91

71

Directorate of Agriculture & Food Production (Farm Mechanization)

With a view to augment farm mechanization in the state, it is proposed to plan for infrastructure development to

establish Centers for Skill Development on Advanced Farm Machinery, Custom Hiring Centre (CHC)s of Improved Bullock

Drawn Implements and Custom Hiring Centre for Advanced Farm Machinery throughout the state, which would be the eye

openers in the agrarian sector. Various activities such as State level/District level Scientist-Farmer-Extension Worker

Meet,Farmers’ Fair, Capacity Building Programmes and Field Level Demonstrations etc have been planned during the period

from 2018-2022. The budget for these Infrastructure Developments/Activities has been placed below.

Table 5.13: Infrastructure for Farm Mechanization

Sl No

Infrastructure Development/Activity

Unit cost

(Lakhs)

2018-19 2019-20 2020-21 2021-22 Total Budget

Nos Cost

(Lakhs)

Nos Cost

(Lakhs)

Nos Cost

(Lakhs)

Nos Cost

(Lakhs)

Cost

(Lakhs)

1 Centers for Skill Development

on Advanced Farm Machinery

(Building and facilities for

conducting training

programme for farmers, field

level extension workers)

100.00 02 200.00 04 400.00 04 400.00 04 400.00 1400.00

2 Custom Hiring Centre(CHC)s

of Improved Bullock Drawn

Implements

(Set of bullock drawn

improved agricultural

implements and one rotary

system for operating post

harvest gadgets)

3.00 10 30.00 25 75.00 25 75.00 25 75.00 255.00

72

3 Custom Hiring Centre for

Advanced Farm

Machinery(Set of advanced

farm machinery such as

tractor, rotavator, seed drill,

transplanter, combine etc)

50.00 02 100.00 10 500.00 10 500.00 10 500.00 1600.00

4 State level/District level

Scientist-Farmer-Extension

Worker Meet (Meeting

arrangement, Interaction, Refreshment, Misc. )

0.70 10 7.00 20 14.00 20 14.00 20 14.00 49.00

5 State level/District level

Farmers’ Fair Meeting

arrangement, Interaction,

Refreshment, Misc.)

1.00 10 10.00 20 20.00 20 20.00 20 20.00 70.00

7 Capacity Building

Programmes(Training to

farmers, extension workers,

NGO personnel)

0.40 30 12.00 50 20.00 50 20.00 50 20.00 72.00

8 Field Level

Demonstration(Transportation,

hiring of vehicle, misc.

arrangement)

0.20 30 6.00 50 10.00 50 10.00 50 10.00 36.00

9 Front Line Demonstration on

Improved Agricultural Implements

0.50 30 15.00 50 25.00 50 25.00 50 25.00 90.00

10 State level/District level

Scientist-Manufacturer-

Extension Worker Meet

(Meeting arrangement,

Interaction, Refreshment, Misc.)

0.80 5 4.00 10 8.00 10 8.00 10 8.00 28.00

Total 3600

73

Directorate of Soil Conservation & Watersheds

Micro Watershed Structures (MWS)

The future propopsal of implementation of micro watersheds is presented in

table. The toal cost for treatment will be 1521.2 crore rupees (Table 2). This cost

is based on govt. of India cost norm of Rs 12000.00 per hectare considering a

micro watershed average area of 1000 ha with treatable area 500 ha. So per

watershed cost comes to be 60 lakh rupees per micro watershed.

Table 5.14: Cost for watershed management

Year Year wise proposal for

implementation of MWS

Cost (crore rupees)

2018-19 651 390.6

2019-20 644 386.4

2020-21 624 370.4

2021-22 623 373.8

TOTAL 1521.2

Micro Irrigation

The micro irrigation scheme is being implemented under the component

“Per Drop More Crop” of Pradhan MantriKrishiSinchaiYojana (PMKSY) with effect

from 2015-16 in the state under Directorate of Horticulture. The scheme has twin

objective of augmenting agricultural production besides enhancing the income of

the farmers in rural pockets of the state. This can be achieved through adoption of

Drip and Sprinkler irrigation systems for horticulture and field crops like mango,

cashew, banana, coconut, sapota, guava, vegetables, floriculture, plantation

crops, sugarcane, pulses, cereals, oilseeds, medicinal & aromatic plants etc.

Various components like drip, mini sprinkler, micro sprinkler, portable sprinkler,

semi permanent sprinkler and large volume (raingun) sprinklers can be adopted

by the farmers for conservation and judicious use of water. Use of fertigation and

cluster approach for implementation of the scheme will result to higher

production and productivity. Out of net sown area of ha, 20346 ha and 88614 ha

has been covered under drip and sprinkler respectively upto 2017-18. The

district wise coverage of micro irrigation upto 2017-18 and proposed area to be

taken upto 2021-22 is presented in Table 4. The cost for future projection of

coverage of micro irrigation is presented in table 5. This cost is based on Rs

75000.00 per ha under drip and Rs 20000.00 per ha under sprinkler.The issues,

opportunities, reasons for gap in implementation ansd strategies for

implementation of watershed activities in Odisha are presented in Table 6.

74

Table 5.15: Cost for Micro Irrigation

Year Projected Area

(ha)

Cost

( crore rupees)

2018-19 Drip 8209 62.56

Sprinkler 10121 20.24

2019-20 Drip 14913 111.84

Sprinkler 9942 19.88

2020-21 Drip 17043.6 127.82

Sprinkler 11362 22.72

2021-22 Drip 18747.6 140.60

Sprinkler 12498 25.00

TOTAL 530.66

Agriculture Promotion & Investment Corp. Ltd. (APICOL)

Considering the present infrastructure available for in the food processing

sector and looking at the future need of the state, following proposal as given in

Table 4 & Table 5 may be incorporated in the State Agricultural Plan (SAP), along

with separate budget for training component.

Table 5.16: Development processing infrastructure at FPO level for value

addition

Sl No Name of the

unit

Equipment list No of

units

Unit

Cost

(lakhs)

Total cost

(lakhs)

1 Pulse

processing

unit

Processing shed,

Cleaner-cum-

grader, Destoner,

Dryer, Roller dal

mill, Worm mixer,

Hand sealing

Machine

Weighing Balance,

Electrical installation

Miscellaneous

20 15 300

75

2 Millet

processing

unit

Processing shed,

Cleaner-cum-grader,

Destoner, Dehuller

(glume removal),

Pulverizer, Hand

sealing Machine

Weighing Balance,

Electrical installation

and Miscellaneous

20 10 200

3 Fruit and

vegetable

Pack house

Processing shed,

Sorting table,

Vegetable washer,

Cold room, Crates

30 20 600

4 Fruit and Processing shed, 15 20 300

vegetable Steam jacketed

processing kettle, Boiler,

unit Pulper, Screw type

juice extractor, Fruit

mill, Packing

machines (manual),

SS working table,

utensils HMHDPE

Storage drums

Hand refractometer,

Electrical installation

Miscellaneous

equipments

Total (lakh) 1400

76

Table5.17: Development of storage infrastructure for food grains and

horticultural crops

Sl No Name of the unit No of units Unit cost

(lakhs)

Total cost

(lakhs)

1 Storage go-down, 35 MT, 54 m2

30 10 300

2 Solar power assisted

cold storage, 5-6 MT

capacity

30 18 540

3 Solar onion storage

structure, 25 MT

150 2 300

4 Evaporatively cooled

vegetable storage structure, 8 MT

150 3 450

Total (lakhs) 1590

Target:

Reduction of post harvest losses of grains by 5 % and horticultural produce

by 10 % in the production catchment

Increase in value addition to 20 % in the production catchment

Increase in processing level to 5 % in the production catchment

Table 5.18: Budget for Agricultural Market Infrastructure Development

Sl. No Particulars Budget (Rs) in

lakhs

1 Linkage of all 66 RMCs to e- NAM platform: Physical

Infrastructure development, Manpower, Training and

capacity building @ 75 lakhs per RMC

4,950

2 Development and Upgradation of 328 Rural

Haats/Panchayat haats into Gramin Agricultural

Markets and linking with the e-NAM platform: :

Physical Infrastructure development, Manpower,

Training and capacity building @ 50 lakhs per Haat

16,400

3 Development of 43 Krushak Bazaars and linking with

the e-NAM platform: : Physical Infrastructure

development, Manpower, Training and capacity

building @ 75 lakhs per Haat

3,225

Total 24,575

77

Table 5.19: Year wise physical and financial target for protected structure in Odisha

Rs. In lakh

Sl.

no

Districts Total

protected

structures

(sq. m)

Total

Cost

2017-18 2018-19 2019-20 2020-21 2021-22

1 Angul 4657 49.3642

9.87284

9.87284

9.87284

9.87284

9.87284

2 Balasore 26251

278.2606

55.65212

55.65212

55.65212

55.65212

55.65212

3 Bargarh 90714

961.5684

192.3137

192.3137

192.3137

192.3137

192.3137

4 Bhadrak 14737

156.2122

31.24244

31.24244

31.24244

31.24244

31.24244

5 Bolangir 190621

2020.583

404.1165

404.1165

404.1165

404.1165

404.1165

6 Boudh 115320 1222.392 244.4784 244.4784 244.4784 244.4784 244.4784

7 Cuttack 92064

975.8784

195.1757

195.1757

195.1757

195.1757

195.1757

8 Deogarh 8400

89.04

17.808

17.808

17.808

17.808

17.808

9 Dhenkanal 92868

984.4008

196.8802

196.8802

196.8802

196.8802

196.8802

10 Gajapati 40284

427.0104

85.40208

85.40208

85.40208

85.40208

85.40208

11 Ganjam 133094

1410.796

282.1593

282.1593

282.1593

282.1593

282.1593

12 Jagatsinghp 18960

200.976

40.1952

40.1952

40.1952

40.1952

40.1952

13 Jajpur 23112

244.9872

48.99744

48.99744

48.99744

48.99744

48.99744

14 Jharsuguda 93057

986.4042

197.2808

197.2808

197.2808

197.2808

197.2808

15 Kalahandi 53376 565.7856 113.1571 113.1571 113.1571 113.1571 113.1571

16 Kandhamal 57436 608.8216 121.7643 121.7643 121.7643 121.7643 121.7643

17 Kendrapara 1464 15.5184 3.10368 3.10368 3.10368 3.10368 3.10368

18 Keonjhar 13634

144.5204

28.90408

28.90408

28.90408

28.90408

28.90408

19 Khurda 46282 490.5892 98.11784 98.11784 98.11784 98.11784 98.11784

20 Koraput 16449 174.3594 34.87188 34.87188 34.87188 34.87188 34.87188

21 Malkangiri 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

22 Mayurbhanj 188389 1996.923 399.3847 399.3847 399.3847 399.3847 399.3847

23 Nawarangp 22752 241.1712 48.23424 48.23424 48.23424 48.23424 48.23424

24 Nayagarh 128331 1360.309 272.0617 272.0617 272.0617 272.0617 272.0617

25 Nuapada 42284 448.2104 89.64208 89.64208 89.64208 89.64208 89.64208

26 Puri 47400 502.44 100.488 100.488 100.488 100.488 100.488

27 Rayagada 2304 24.4224 4.88448 4.88448 4.88448 4.88448 4.88448

28 Sambalpur 79846 846.3676 169.2735 169.2735 169.2735 169.2735 169.2735

29 Sonepur 36108 382.7448 76.54896 76.54896 76.54896 76.54896 76.54896

30 Sundergarh 486006 5151.664 1030.333 1030.333 1030.333 1030.333 1030.333

Total 2166200 22961.72 4592.344 4592.344 4592.344 4592.344 4592.344

78

Table 5.20: Year wise physical and financial target for drip irrigation in Odisha

Rs. in lakh

Sl.

no

Districts Drip

irrigation

(ha)

Financial

requirement

2017-22

Financial

target,

2017-18

Financial

target,

2018-19)

Financial

target,

2019-20

Financial

target,

2020-21

Financial

target

2021-22

1 Angul 448 344.96 68.992 68.992 68.992 68.992 68.992

2 Balasore 336 258.72 51.744 51.744 51.744 51.744 51.744

3 Bargarh 1037 798.49 159.698 159.698 159.698 159.698 159.698

4 Bhadrak 277 213.29 42.658 42.658 42.658 42.658 42.658

5 Bolangir 1521 1171.17 234.234 234.234 234.234 234.234 234.234

6 Boudh 836 643.72 128.744 128.744 128.744 128.744 128.744

7 Cuttack 572 440.44 88.088 88.088 88.088 88.088 88.088

8 Deogarh 642 494.34 98.868 98.868 98.868 98.868 98.868

9 Dhenkanal 536 412.72 82.544 82.544 82.544 82.544 82.544

10 Gajapati 252 194.04 38.808 38.808 38.808 38.808 38.808

11 Ganjam 1452 1118.04 223.608 223.608 223.608 223.608 223.608

12 Jagatsinghpur 231 177.87 35.574 35.574 35.574 35.574 35.574

13 Jajpur 314 241.78 48.356 48.356 48.356 48.356 48.356

14 Jharsuguda 351 270.27 54.054 54.054 54.054 54.054 54.054

15 Kalahandi 887 682.99 136.598 136.598 136.598 136.598 136.598

16 Kandhamal 664 511.28 102.256 102.256 102.256 102.256 102.256

17 Kendrapara 75 57.75 11.55 11.55 11.55 11.55 11.55

18 Keonjhar 398 306.46 61.292 61.292 61.292 61.292 61.292

19 Khurda 409 314.93 62.986 62.986 62.986 62.986 62.986

20 Koraput 513 395.01 79.002 79.002 79.002 79.002 79.002

21 Malkangiri 296 227.92 45.584 45.584 45.584 45.584 45.584

22 Mayurbhanja 5744 4422.88 884.576 884.576 884.576 884.576 884.576

23 Nawarangpur 1073 826.21 165.242 165.242 165.242 165.242 165.242

24 Nayagarh 477 367.29 73.458 73.458 73.458 73.458 73.458

25 Nuapada 540 415.8 83.16 83.16 83.16 83.16 83.16

26 Puri 318.0 244.86 48.972 48.972 48.972 48.972 48.972

27 Rayagada 929.04 715.3608 143.0722 143.0722 143.0722 143.0722 143.0722

28 Sambalpur 1305 1004.85 200.97 200.97 200.97 200.97 200.97

29 Sonepur 460 354.2 70.84 70.84 70.84 70.84 70.84

30 Sundergarh 712 548.24 109.648 109.648 109.648 109.648 109.648

Total 23605 18175.88 3635.176 3635.176 3635.176 3635.176 3635.176

79

Table 5.21: Year wise physical and financial target for Sprinkler irrigation in Odisha

Rs. In lakh

Sl.

no

Districts Sprinkler

irrigation

(ha)

Total cost 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20 2020-21 2021-22

1 Angul 4331 1082.75 216.55 216.55 216.55 216.55 216.55

2 Balasore 3161 790.25 158.05 158.05 158.05 158.05 158.05

3 Bargarh 12278 3069.5 613.9 613.9 613.9 613.9 613.9

4 Bhadrak 1242 310.5 62.1 62.1 62.1 62.1 62.1

5 Bolangir 7954 1988.5 397.7 397.7 397.7 397.7 397.7

6 Boudh 3119 779.75 155.95 155.95 155.95 155.95 155.95

7 Cuttack 1927 481.75 96.35 96.35 96.35 96.35 96.35

8 Deogarh 1867 466.75 93.35 93.35 93.35 93.35 93.35

9 Dhenkanal 2560 640 128 128 128 128 128

10 Gajapati 339 84.75 16.95 16.95 16.95 16.95 16.95

11 Ganjam 4058 1014.5 202.9 202.9 202.9 202.9 202.9

12 Jagatsinghpur 408 102 20.4 20.4 20.4 20.4 20.4

13 Jajpur 2218 554.5 110.9 110.9 110.9 110.9 110.9

14 Jharsuguda 1835 458.75 91.75 91.75 91.75 91.75 91.75

15 Kalahandi 3958 989.5 197.9 197.9 197.9 197.9 197.9

16 Kandhamal 2031 507.75 101.55 101.55 101.55 101.55 101.55

17 Kendrapara 232 58 11.6 11.6 11.6 11.6 11.6

18 Keonjhar 2772 693 138.6 138.6 138.6 138.6 138.6

19 Khurda 1937 484.25 96.85 96.85 96.85 96.85 96.85

20 Koraput 4785 1196.25 239.25 239.25 239.25 239.25 239.25

21 Malkangiri 1794 448.5 89.7 89.7 89.7 89.7 89.7

22 Mayurbhanja 9400 2350 470 470 470 470 470

23 Nawarangpur 4630 1157.5 231.5 231.5 231.5 231.5 231.5

24 Nayagarh 2730 682.5 136.5 136.5 136.5 136.5 136.5

25 Nuapada 1832 458 91.6 91.6 91.6 91.6 91.6

26 Puri 841 210.25 42.05 42.05 42.05 42.05 42.05

27 Rayagada 774.2 193.55 38.71 38.71 38.71 38.71 38.71

28 Sambalpur 1088.1 272.025 54.405 54.405 54.405 54.405 54.405

29 Sonepur 383.4 95.85 19.17 19.17 19.17 19.17 19.17

30 Sundergarh 594.0 148.5 29.7 29.7 29.7 29.7 29.7

Total 19681.3 21769.68 4353.935 4353.935 4353.935 4353.935 4353.935

80

Table 5.22 :Proposed budget for Horticulture Sector :

Infrastructure (2018-22)

(Rupees in lakhs)

Crop

Items Assistance

In lakh

Rs.

Amount

Mango Processing unit - 50 nos. 50/unit 2500

Citrus Processing unit – 20 50/unit 1000

Banana Ripening chamber - 50MT - 50 nos.

17.5/unit

875

Papaya Papain extraction unit-10

nos

50/unit

500

Pine apple Processing unit - 20 nos. 50/unit 1000

Vegetable

Grading, sorting &

packing house - 50 units

35/unit

1750

Potato Cold store - 10 units,

5000MT

175/unit

1750

Grading, sorting &

packing house - 50 units

13/unit

650

Onion Onion storage structure -

20 nos.

1/unit

20

Grading, sorting &

packing house - 50 units

13/unit

650

Floriculture Protected structures - 100

ha

50/unit

5000

Floriculture Planting material (100Ha) 25/unit 2500

Floriculture Cold room - 50 nos. 5/unit 250

Refrigerated van - 50nos. 8/unit 400

Mushroom Production unit – 100 nos. 8/unit 800

Spawn production unit –

100 nos.

6/unit

600

Total 20245.00

Table 5.23 Development & Strengthening of Major, Medium &

Minor Irrigation Projects (Based on State Agril. Budget 2017-18)

Sl.

No.

Activity Budget Outlay in

Crore Rs.

1 Completion of Major, Medium & Minor

Irrigation Projects

10000.00

2 Development of Cluster borewells & river lift

projects 1000.00

3 Maintenance of existing lift irrigation projects 700.00

4 Development of water distribution system,

canal lining

1500.00

Total 13200.00

81

Table 5.24 ABSTRACT

Sl. No. Directorate / Schemes Proposed Budget

(In Crore Rs.)

1 Directorate of Agril. & F.P. 2610.80

2 Directorate of Horticulture 202.45

3 Directorate of AH & VS 5105.00

4 Directorate of Fisheries 3682.00

5 Farm Mechanization 36.00

6 Directorate of Soil Conservation for

Watershed & Micro Irrigation

2051.86

7 APICOL 29.90

8 Agriculture Marketing 245.75

9 Hi-Tech Horticulture (Protected Structure) 45.93

10 Drip Irrigation 36.35

11 Sprinkler Irrigation 43.53

TOTAL 14089.57

Development & Strengthening of Major, Medium & Minor Irrigation

Projects (Based on State Agril. Budget 2017-18)

Sl.

No.

Activity Proposed Budget

(In Crore Rs.)

1 Completion of Major, Medium & Minor

Irrigation Projects

10000.00

2 Development of Cluster borewells & river lift

projects

1000.00

3 Maintenance of existing lift irrigation projects 700.00

4 Development of water distribution system, canal lining

1500.00

Total 13200.00

Team of Scientists for preparation of State Agriculture Infrastructure

Development Plan (SAIDP), Odisha

A. Advisory Committee

i. Prof. S. Pasupalak - Hon’ble Vice Chancellor, OUAT

ii. Dr.Sourav Garg - Principal Secretary,

Dept. of Agril. & F.E.

B. Steering Committee

i. Prof. L. M. Garnayak - Former, Dean, CA

ii. Prof. K. K. Rout - Dean, CA

iii. Prof. P. K. Roul - Dean Extension Education

C. Executive Team

i. Dr. Sanat Mishra - Sr. Scientist, DPME

ii. Dr. M. P. Nayak - Jt. Director (Info.), DEE

D. Crop Production System

i. Dr. Susant Ku. Swain - Professor (Agro), Coord Cell, DR

ii. Dr. Rabi Ratna Das - Sr. Sc. (Agro), AICRP, Weed Mgt.

iii. Dr. Prasanjit Mishra - Jt. Director, Video Project

E. Horticulture Production System

i. Dr. C. M. Panda - Associate Professor (Hort.), CA

ii. Dr. Pramod Ku. Panda - Professor (Hort.), AICRP, Cashew

iii. Dr. Sidharth Palei - Associate Professor (Floriculture)

F. Livestock Production System

i. Dr. P. C. Mishra - Assoc. Prof., ARGO, CVSc & AH

ii. Dr. Bhabesh Das - Asst. Prof., Vet. Ext., CVSc&AH

iii. Dr. Anil Kumar Nahak - Dy. Director, UEBP Scheme,

Directorate of Extn. Edu., OUAT

G. Fisheries Production System

i. Dr.Soumendra Nanda - Professor, College of Fisheries

H. Farm Engineering

i. Dr.Sangram Swain - Professor, AICRP, UAE, CAET

ii. Dr. M. Mohapatra - Asso. Prof., FMP, CAET

iii. Dr.Jagdish Ch. Pal - Professor, SWCE, CAET

iv. Dr.Ambika Sahu - Professor, SWCE, CAET

v. Dr.C. K. Bakhra - Assoc. Prof., AICRP, PHT

vi. Dr.Nihar Ranjan Sahu - Assoc. Prof., AICRP, PHT

vii. Dr. B. Behera - Professor, CAET

viii. Dr. P. C. Pradhan - Assoc. Prof., PFDC

I. Agriculture Marketing

i. Dr. R.K. Mishra - Prof.& Head. Dept. Agril. Eco., CA

ii. Dr. Khitish Sarangi - Asst. Prof., Dept. Agril. Eco., CA

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