Review• Spanish dominated the

New World• Became very wealthy from

conquests and trade• Using Cabot’s voyages,

England claims territory • English raid Spanish ships

and settlements• English slave traders attack

Spanish settlements

The English enter the struggle for the Southeast

English Colonization

• 1606 – charter given to the Virginia Company to establish a colony … Jamestown

• By 1700 England had colonies on most of the east coast

English Goals in Colonization

1. Hold claims and territory

2. Economic gain, mercantilism

3. Land for the poor

4. Religious freedom

• Pilgrims – established Plymouth

Types of English Colonies

• Corporate colony

– A grant to a company

• Proprietary colony

– A charter to group

• Royal Colony

– Operated by the English government

– Georgia was the only royal colony

Carolina Charter

• Establish Charlestown in 1670

• Base for English traders and raids against Spanish settlements

• By 1685 Spanish left Georgia for St. Augustine

The Southeast – the debatable land• French to the west• Spanish to the south• Native American conflict

– Yamasee Revolt

The Georgia Colony• A buffer was needed to protect

South Carolina• A grant was given to James

Oglethorpe in 1732• The colony would be named Georgia

in honor of King George II.

– In Carolina on the 15th of April, 1715, the Yamasee War began. It involved the Apalachee, Creek, Sarraw, Savannah, and Yamasee against the white traders and settlers.

– There had developed an extensive trade in deer hides; the Indians used those hides as their currency for trade for European goods. Competition from increasing numbers of white trappers only made matters worse. The Yamasee had also complained of the traders enslaving their women and children, however, the Carolina authorities were helpless in remedying the ever worsening situation. The war began with an attack on the white traders in Indian towns. The extortion and cruelty of the English traders drove them to take up arms, and a general massacre of white settlers took place.

– In June, Carolina forces under Governor Craven defeated the Yamasee at Salkiehatchen and driven back into Florida, where they allied themselves with the Spaniards. The Yamasee captives of the English colonists were shipped to the slave markets in the West Indies. Escaping Yamasee fled south into Spanish Florida. There the Yamasee and Lower Creek continued the struggle along the border. In Carolina, the Upper Creek also continued their attack, almost taking Charles Town.

– The Cherokee, a traditional enemy of the Creek, had been at the periphery of this war. When asked by the Creek to help them, the Cherokee instead sided with the British, thus weakening the Creek position.

– In 1717, a peace treaty was reached, however this war revealed just how vulnerable Carolina was to the pressures and threats of their Spanish and French neighbors on the other side of the Colony’s southern and western borders.

– In 1727 the English destroyed the Yamasee village near St. Augustine and massacred most of them. They were finally incorporated with the Seminole and Hitchiti, although a small body still preserved the name in 1812. The Yamasee have now disappeared.

The Yamasee Revolt

Today’s Questions

1. Explain how mercantilism worked.

2. What was the Yamasee Revolt? How did this help create Georgia?