Review: Polymer Principles - BIOLOGY FOR LIFE Polymer Principles ... respiration IB. Using the...
Transcript of Review: Polymer Principles - BIOLOGY FOR LIFE Polymer Principles ... respiration IB. Using the...
Review: Polymer Principles
• Four classes of macromolecules:
– Carbohydrates
– Lipids
– Proteins
– Nucleic Acids
• Polymers are made up of smaller parts
called monomers.
• Polymers are formed through
condensation reactions.
• Polymers are broken apart through
a hydrolysis reaction.
General Information about Carbohydrates
• Made of C, H, and O
– “Carbo”-contains carbon
– “Hydrate”-hydrogen and oxygen are present in the same
proportions as in water (2 H: 1 O)
• Often end in “-ose”
General Information about Carbohydrates
• Functions:
– Immediate energy source for cells
– Energy storage for later use
– Raw material for building other molecules
– Important role in cell membrane recognition
About 17 KJ
of energy
per dry
gram.
About the
same as
protein, but
½ that of
lipids
Simple or single sugars are
monosaccharides
Two linked monosaccharides are
disaccharides
Long chains of monosaccharides are
polysaccharides
Monosaccharides -one sugar unit – are the simplest carbohydrates
• Backbone of 3-7 carbon atoms
• Form ring structures in cells
• Characterized by sweet taste
• Have several polar -OH groups, so they are soluble in water. (The many –OH groups can hydrogen bond with water molecules)
BILL
• Label the slight positive and slight negatives on the highlighted O’s and H’s.
HINT:
remember polarity and unequal pull of electrons
BILL
• Draw a water molecule hydrogen bonding off of EACH highlighted H and EACH highlighted O.
– Be sure you correctly orient the H’s and O’s of the water molecule
– Show the hydrogen bond with a dotted line
(you should end up drawing 10 H2O’s)
Using the molecular model kits:
BUILD RIBOSE
Notice orientation of hydroxyl (OH) groups. STAMP WHEN COMPLETE
GLUCOSE • C6H12O6
• A product of photosynthesis
• Needed for ATP synthesis during cellular respiration
IB
Using the molecular model kits:
BUILD GLUCOSE
Notice orientation of hydroxyl (OH) groups. STAMP WHEN COMPLETE
Glucose and fructose have the same chemical formula C6H12O6 but different structural arrangement of the atoms (called isomers)