REVIEW OF SUCCESS CRITERIA FOR GRID CODE COMPLIANCE …

This document is made possible by the support of the American people through the United States Agency for International Development (USAID). The contents of this document are the sole responsibility of Tetra Tech ES, Inc., and do not necessarily reflect the views of USAID or the United States Government. This document was prepared by Tetra Tech ES, Inc., USAID Contractor for the Energy Security Project (ESP), USAID contract 72012118C00003.

REVIEW OF SUCCESS CRITERIA FOR GRID CODE COMPLIANCE TESTS REPORT TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE TO UKRENERGO FOR TESTING GENERATING UNITS TO PROVIDE ANCILLARY SERVICES

Energy Security Project (ESP)

February 3, 2020

This document is submitted to fulfill Contract Section C.3 ACTIVITIES AND TASKS, Activity 1: Competitive Energy Markets Reform and Development, requiring “The technical assistance provided by the Contractor must target key GOU agencies, including, but not limited to, the Ministry of Energy and Coal Industry, transmission system operator Ukrenergo… The Contractor must seek the establishment of … ancillary and intraday markets…” (pages 12-13); Task 1.2 Developing Enabling Legislative and Policy Environment; Task 1.3 Implementing Party Technical Capacity Building.

USAID/Ukraine

USAID Energy Security Project Tetra Tech ES, Inc., USAID Contractor

CONTENTS

1. INTRODUCTION 1

2. ANCILLARY SERVICES ADDRESSED IN THE STUDY 1

3. TESTS FOR CERTIFICATION OF ANCILLARY SERVICES 1 3.1. BASE LOAD TEST 1 3.2. MECHANICAL SENSITIVITY TEST 2 3.2.1. FCR MECHANICAL SENSITIVITY 2 3.2.2. AFRR MECHANICAL SENSITIVITY 3 3.3. CONTROL LOOP SENSITIVITY TEST 5 3.3.1. FCR CONTROL LOOP SENSITIVITY TEST AT 4% SPEED DROOP 5 3.3.2. FCR CONTROL LOOP SENSITIVITY TEST AT 8% SPEED DROOP 6 3.3.3. AFRR – CONTROL LOOP SENSITIVITY TEST 7 3.4. STEP RESPONSE PERFORMANCE TEST 8 3.4.1. FCR – UPWARD 8 3.4.2. FCR – DOWNWARD 8 3.4.3. AFRR – UPWARD 9 3.4.4. AFRR – DOWNWARD 9 3.4.5. MFRR AND RR UPWARD 9 3.4.6. MFRR / RR – DOWNWARD PERFORMANCE TEST 9

4. SUCCESS CRITERIA 10 4.1. HYSTERESIS CRITERION 10 4.2. POINT-BASED CRITERION 11 4.3. INTERVAL-BASED CRITERION 11

5. PROPOSED SUCCESS CRITERIA 13

6. CONCLUSIONS 19

APPENDIX-1: TEST DEFINITIONS FOR CERTIFICATION 20

APPENDIX-2: FCR SIGNAL INJECTION POSSIBILITIES 21

APPENDIX-3: STANDARDIZATION OF TEST MEASUREMENTS 22 A. GENERAL DATA FORMAT 22 B. ANCILLARY SERVICE TEST DATA CONTENTS 23

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1. INTRODUCTION The wholesale market in Ukraine started operations in July 2019 following the legislative adoption of the Electrical Market Law enacted in 2017. The Law refers to various market mechanisms for procurement and settlement of electricity and ancillary services. The performance of power plants that provide ancillary services (AS) in the market is subject to a prequalification process for certification, in accordance with Grid Code Annex 7.

EPRA is providing technical assistance to Ukrenergo for testing generating units in Ukraine that provide AS under a subcontract agreement with Tetra Tech. The studies are performed under the Energy Security Project, which is funded by USAID. The scope of technical assistance studies includes reviewing success criteria for Grid Code compliance tests and providing recommendations.

Based on a review of the Grid Code and observations on initial certification tests performed at some power plants, EPRA experts concluded that the some of the definitions and success criteria for the AS certification test process should be improved. This report presents EPRA experts’ recommendations for improving requirements.1

2. ANCILLARY SERVICES ADDRESSED IN THE STUDY The study addresses certification of AS that are connected with provision of active power (MW) reserves. These reserves, in ENTSO-E terminology, are:2

• Frequency Containment Reserve (FCR)

• Automatic Frequency Restoration Reserve (aFRR)

• Manual Frequency Restoration Reserve (aFRR)

• Replacement Reserve (RR)

3. TESTS FOR CERTIFICATION OF ANCILLARY SERVICES

There are four types of tests to be performed in order to assess a unit’s readiness for satisfactory provision of AS. Details of these tests are described below. A complete set of tests and relevant parameters are given in Appendix-1: Test Definitions for Certification.

BASE LOAD TEST

A base load test is performed in order to observe the ability of power generation units to continuously keep their power output level at the power set point. It also checks any offset between the set point in the control loop and the output power measurement of the unit. Such an offset disturbs output and results in a difference between the set point and the power output, which may cause the unit to fail other tests. An example of a unit output during base load test is given in Figure 1.

1 This report is the deliverable for Task 2, items 2.A, 2.B, and 2.C. 2 ENTSO-E (2017). Electricity Balancing Guideline and Implementation (www.energy-community.org)

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Figure 1. Base load test example

The base load test is performed with the following parameters:

• Initial condition: Unit will be loaded to mid-regulating range power (i.e., (Pmax + Pmin) / 2)

• Total test duration: 30 minutes

• Controller settings:

− Inactivation of FCR (or setting frequency dead-band to highest possible range to ensure inactivation of FCR)

− Inactivation of aFRR

MECHANICAL SENSITIVITY TEST

A mechanical sensitivity test is performed to observe the responsiveness of the mechanical system to small deviation orders from the controllers.

FCR MECHANICAL SENSITIVITY

The FCR mechanical sensitivity test is performed with the following settings:


• Total test duration: Around 30 minutes

• Inputs: ± 10 mHz / ± 20 mHz to frequency set point




− FCR control loop in service

− Speed droop set = 5 percent (to check that speed droop can be adjusted to 5 percent)

− Dead-band set (see Appendix-2: FCR Signal Injection Possibilities for details):

Type 1 & 2 injection: Highest possible frequency dead-band

Type 3 injection: 0 mHz

• Monitoring duration after each step:

− Around five minutes

− Observation window: minimum of one minute after each step (steady state conditions for power and pressure should be observed)

An example of test input is given in Figure 2.

Figure 2. FCR mechanical sensitivity test input

AFRR MECHANICAL SENSITIVITY

The aFRR mechanical sensitivity test is performed with the following settings:



• Inputs: ± 1 MW / ± 2 MW to power set point


− aFRR control loop in service (without direct communication from AGC)

− Ramp rate (MW/min): Regular operation rate







Figure 3. aFRR mechanical sensitivity test input



CONTROL LOOP SENSITIVITY TEST

Control loop sensitivity tests are performed to investigate the linearity and consistency of the control loop in response to changes in the input.

FCR CONTROL LOOP SENSITIVITY TEST AT 4 PERCENT SPEED DROOP

This test is performed with the following settings:



• Inputs: ± 50 mHz steps until ± 100 mHz to frequency set point



− Speed droop set = 4 percent








Figure 4. FCR 4 percent control loop sensitivity test input



FCR CONTROL LOOP SENSITIVITY TEST AT 8 PERCENT SPEED DROOP

This test is performed with the following settings:



• Inputs: ± 50 mHz steps until ± 200 mHz to frequency set point



− Speed droop set = 8 percent








Figure 5. FCR 8 percent control loop sensitivity test input



AFRR – CONTROL LOOP SENSITIVITY TEST

The aFRR – control loop sensitivity test is performed with the following settings:



• Inputs: ± 50 percent of aFRR reserve in one direction steps until ± 100 percent aFRR activation in both directions






− Observation window: minimum one minute after each step (steady state conditions for power and pressure should be observed)

An example of test input is given in Figure 6:

Figure 6. aFRR control loop sensitivity test input



STEP RESPONSE PERFORMANCE TEST

Step response performance tests are performed to determine the capability of the unit to activate the corresponding reserve in the desired time intervals with the desired accuracy (see Section 5 for the proposed accuracy levels).

FCR – UPWARD

The FCR – upward performance test is performed with the following settings:

• Initial condition: Pmax – FCR reserve


• Inputs: -200 mHz steps to frequency set point



− Speed droop set = To be calculated based on amount of FCR (e.g., 5 percent for 8 percent FCR)




FCR – DOWNWARD

The FCR – downward performance test is performed with the following settings:

• Initial condition: Pmin + FCR reserve


• Inputs: +200 mHz step to frequency set point



− Speed droop set = To be calculated based on amount of FCR (e.g., 5 percent for 8 percent FCR)






AFRR – UPWARD

The aFRR – upward performance test is performed with the following settings:

• Initial condition: Pmax – aFRR reserve

• Inputs: Step increase in power set point in the amount of aFRR reserve

• Total test duration: Around 15-30 min (minimum of 15 minutes to observe steady state conditions for power and pressure)




AFRR – DOWNWARD

The aFRR – downward performance test is performed with the following parameters:

• Initial condition: Pmin + aFRR reserve

• Inputs: Step decrease in power set point in the amount of aFRR reserve





MFRR AND RR UPWARD

The mFRR and RR – upward performance tests are performed with the following settings:

• Initial condition: Pmax - mFRR or Pmax - RR reserve (depending on the test)

• Inputs: Step increase in power set point in the amount of mFRR or RR reserve


• Ramp rate (MW/min): Regular operation rate

MFRR / RR – DOWNWARD PERFORMANCE TEST

The mFRR / RR – downward performance test is performed with the following parameters:

• Initial condition: Pmin + mFRR or Pmin + RR reserve (depending on the test)



• Inputs: Step decrease in power set point in the amount of mFRR or RR reserve


• Ramp rate (MW/min): Regular operation rate

4. SUCCESS CRITERIA There are three types of criteria for evaluation of satisfactory AS provision, as described below.

HYSTERESIS CRITERION

The hysteresis criterion is utilized to evaluate results of all sensitivity tests described above. An example of recordings taken during sensitivity tests is given in Figure 7. The steady-state point is calculated at each step by averaging the last one-minute interval at the end of each step. These average points are converted to an X-Y plot with the step inputs. The result of the X-Y plot is theoretically a linear curve, but it may actually contain a very narrow hysteresis characteristic, as shown in Figure 8. Finally, this hysteresis is compared with the permissible hysteresis margin.

Figure 7. Example of aFRR – control loop sensitivity test result



Figure 8. Hysteresis curve for the example in Figure 7

POINT-BASED CRITERION

The point-based criterion is utilized to evaluate the amount of activated reserve at a specific time following the step input to the controller. It is based on identifying the following variables:

• Specific time after the step input

• Amount of minimum reserve activation at that time (as a percentage of total reserve or unit capacity)

An example is given in Figure 8.

Figure 9. Point-based criterion example

INTERVAL-BASED CRITERION

There are two types of margins in this criterion: (1) hard-limit margin and (2) soft-limit margin.

• The unit is not allowed to violate a predefined hard-limit margin (even for one measurement).



• The total duration of the violations within a predefined soft-limit margin should be less than a predefined interval. That is, the unit should operate within the soft-limit margin at least a predefined percentage of the time, which is referred as the Compliance Percent.

These margins should be applied to the following operating periods separately, as illustrated in Figure 10:

• Transient Period: this interval is the time window that starts from the point criterion that defines the delay time (following the signal injection) and ends at the point criterion that defines activation of the reserve.

• Recovery Period: this interval is the time window that starts after the Transient Period. The duration of the Recovery Period is defined for relevant tests only. This criterion does not apply to all performance tests.

• Steady-State Period: this time interval defines the period starting after the Recovery Period and ends once the duration of the monitoring test is complete.

Figure 10. Criteria definition intervals



5. PROPOSED SUCCESS CRITERIA The proposed success criteria for each test is indicated in Table 1. Details are described below.

Table 1. Proposed settings for each test

SUCCESS CRITERIA FOR BASE LOAD TEST

• The unit output power should remain in a margin of ±1 percent (based on the unit’s installed capacity in MW) around the power set point for at least 90 percent of the monitoring interval of 30 minutes.

• The unit output power should remain in a margin of ±2 percent (based on the unit’s installed capacity in MW) around the power set point at all times during the monitoring interval of 30 minutes.

Transient Recovery St.-State Transient Recovery St.-State

Time (s)Amplitude (%) 1% 2%

Reference P Nom P NomComp Percent (%) 90% 100%

Time (s)Amplitude (%) 1.00%

Reference P NomComp Percent (%)

Time (s)Amplitude (%) 1.00%

Reference P NomComp Percent (%)

Time (s) 2 / 5* Sec 15 Sec 30 SecAmplitude (%) 0.10% 50% 95% 1% 1% 1% 2% 2% 2%

Reference P Nom P Rez P Rez P Nom P Nom P Nom P Nom P Nom P NomComp Percent (%) 90% 90% 90% 100% 100% 100%

Time (s) 30 Sec <= 15 MinAmplitude (%) 0.10% 100% 1% 1% 2% 2%

Reference P Nom P Rez P Nom P Nom P Nom P NomComp Percent (%) 90% 90% 100% 100%

Time (s) <= 15 MinAmplitude (%) 100% 1% 1% 2% 2%

Reference P Rez P Nom P Nom P Nom P NomComp Percent (%) 90% 90% 100% 100%

Time (s) <= 30 MinAmplitude (%) 100% 1% 2%

Reference P Rez P Nom P NomComp Percent (%) 98% 100%

*: Applies to HPPs

FCR and aFRRMechanical Sensitivity

FCR and aFRRControl Loop

Sensitivity

Base Load

Soft_Limit Hard_LimitDead Time Half Time Full TimeHysteresis

FCR Performance

aFRR Performance

mFRR Performance

RR Performance

Ancillary Service (Test)

Criteria Parameters



Figure 11. Base load test success criteria margins

SUCCESS CRITERIA FOR MECHANICAL AND CONTROL LOOP SENSITIVITY TESTS (FCR AND AFRR)

• The width of calculated hysteresis should not exceed 1 percent (based on unit capacity in MW)

Figure 12. All sensitivity tests’ success criteria margins



SUCCESS CRITERIA FOR FCR PERFORMANCE TEST

• The change in unit output power should exceed 0.1 percent (based on unit installed capacity in MW) in the proper direction at the first measurement sample after two seconds (five seconds for HPP units) following the signal injection.

• In 15 seconds, following the signal injection, the unit should activate at least 50 percent of the FCR reserve.

• In 30 seconds, following the signal injection, the unit should activate at least 95 percent of the FCR reserve.

• The unit output power should remain in a margin of ±1 percent (based on unit installed capacity in MW) around the target power set point for at least 90 percent of the transient (28 seconds / 25 seconds for HPP units), recovery (60 seconds) and steady state (14 minute) intervals.

• The unit output power should remain in a margin of ±2 percent (based on unit installed capacity in MW) around the target power set point at all times during the complete monitoring interval.

Figure 13. FCR Performance test success criteria



SUCCESS CRITERIA FOR AFRR PERFORMANCE TEST

• The change in unit output power should exceed 0.1 percent (based on unit installed capacity in MW) in the proper direction at the first measurement sample within 30 seconds after the signal injection.

• Within 15 minutes of the signal injection, the unit should activate 100 percent of the aFRR reserve,

• The unit output power should remain in a margin of ±1 percent (based on unit installed capacity in MW) around the target power set point for at least 90 percent of the transient (until unit activates 100 percent of the aFRR reserve) and steady state intervals (15 minutes following the transient interval).


Figure 14. aFRR performance test success criteria



SUCCESS CRITERIA FOR MFRR PERFORMANCE TEST

• Within 15 minutes following the signal injection, the unit should activate 100 percent of the mFRR reserve.

• The unit output power should remain in a margin of ±1 percent (based on unit installed capacity in MW) around the target power set point for at least 90 percent of the transient (until unit activates 100 percent of the aFRR reserve) and steady state intervals (15 minutes following transient interval).


Figure 15. mFRR performance test success criteria



SUCCESS CRITERIA FOR RR PERFORMANCE TEST

• Within 30 minutes following the signal injection, the unit should activate 100 percent of the mFRR reserve.

• The unit output power should remain in a margin of ±1 percent (based on unit installed capacity in MW) around the target power set point for at least 90 percent of the steady state interval (15 minutes following the unit activating full reserve).


Figure 16. RR performance test success criteria



6. CONCLUSIONS Based on the review of the Grid Code and the results of initial AS certification tests performed at some power plants in Ukraine, we conclude that Ukrenergo should improve some of the definitions and success criteria in the AS certification test process.

The main recommendations are:

• Success criteria should be clearly defined for all types of AS certification tests. This requires redefining success criteria for some tests, as proposed in this report.

• If the proposed success criteria are agreed upon by Ukrenergo, the AS certification test results of power plants that have already been tested should be reevaluated based on the proposed success criteria.



APPENDIX-1: TEST DEFINITIONS FOR CERTIFICATION Table 2. Summary of certification tests

Transient Recovery Stead-State Power Step Freq. Step Ramp Rate Dead Band Speed Droop

All Base Load Mid-Regulating Range - - 30 Min - - NominalType 1 or 2 = Max

Type 3 = 0 mHzNominal

FCR Mechanical Sensitivity Mid-Regulating Range - - 1 min @ each step -± 10 mHz± 20 mHz

NominalType 1 or 2 = Max

Type 3 = 0 mHz5%

aFRR Mechanical Sensitivity Mid-Regulating Range - - 1 min @ each step± 1 MW± 2 MW

- Nominal Max Nominal

FCR Control Loop Sensitivity Mid-Regulating Range - - 1 min @ each step - ± 50 mHz NominalType 1 or 2 = Max

Type 3 = 0 mHz4%8%

aFRR Control Loop Sensitivity Mid-Regulating Range - - 1 min @ each step± 50 % of reserve


FCR Performance (Upward) Pmax – FCR reserve28 Sec

25 Sec for HPP60 Sec 14 min - -200 mHz Nominal

Type 1 or 2 = MaxType 3 = 0 mHz

Calculated wrt reserve

FCR Performance (Downward) Pmin + FCR reserve28 Sec

25 Sec for HPP60 Sec 14 min - +200 mHz Nominal

Type 1 or 2 = MaxType 3 = 0 mHz

Calculated wrt reserve

aFRR Performance (Upward) Pmax – aFRR reserve 15 min - 15 min+ aFRR

Reserve- Nominal Max Nominal

aFRR Performance (Downward) Pmin + aFRR reserve 15 min - 15 min- aFRR


mFRR Performance (Upward) Pmax – mFRR reserve 15 min - 15 min+ mFRR Reserve


mFRR Performance (Downward) Pmin + mFRR reserve 15 min - 15 min- mFRR


RR Performance (Upward) Pmax – RR reserve - - 30 min+ RR


RR Performance (Downward) Pmin + RR reserve - - 30 min- RR


Monitoring Time Windows Input Unit Control Settings Ancillary Service

Test Name Initial PowerSteady State



APPENDIX-2: FCR SIGNAL INJECTION POSSIBILITIES Depending on the unit controller structure and plant SCADA interface, there are three available signal injection schemes, as given in Figure 17:

1. Type-1: The signal injection is made by disabling the actual frequency measurement of the unit in the control loop. Thus, in test mode, deviations in network frequency never impact the unit’s output power.

2. Type-2: A simulated frequency signal is added to the calculated frequency deviation (delta) after the dead-band. Thus, in test mode, deviations in network frequency will not impact the unit output power as long as deviation remains below the dead-band set point.

3. Type-3: A simulated signal is added to the measured frequency or calculated delta frequency as an offset before the dead-band. In this case, the dead-band will not allow the simulated signal injection to trigger the unit controller. Hence, the dead-band should be set to zero for FCR tests in this type of controller. It should also be noted that the network frequency will continuously impact the control loop if the dead-band is selected as zero.

Figure 17. Alternative signal injection schemes for FCR tests



APPENDIX-3: STANDARDIZATION OF TEST MEASUREMENTS Due to a variety of measurement, recording and historical systems that have been implemented, the recorded data and export abilities of different power plants are not standardized. This difference introduces a challenge for Ukrenergo to evaluate the tests in a fast and consistent manner. In order to overcome this challenge, Ukrenergo requires power plants to deliver the test results in two file formats:

• The original file format, directly exported as csv, txt, or a similar text-based format for referencing purposes.

• The standardized time series file (defined further in this report), submitted separately for each performed test stage of each ancillary service test.

The format of data and the contents for each ancillary service test are proposed below.

A. GENERAL DATA FORMAT

The test results will be provided as a fixed time step table with following properties:

• Decimal Separator : “ . “

• Column Separator : “ , “

• First Row : SCADA or measurement system name of the signal

• Second Row : Signal description

• Third Row : Signal unit (in real units, not per unit or percentage)

• Fourth Row : Base value for the signal (nominal value at full load)

• Fifth Row and forward : Measured signal values

• First column : Time data in seconds, numeric with decimals, fixed time step with defined interval for each test

• Second column and forward : Data in the order defined in the relevant test description



The accuracy level of the data should be equal to or better than below definitions:

• Active power related signals : 0.1 MW

• Frequency-related signals : 1 mHz

• All other signals : 0.1 percent of the nominal value

An example of the structure is given in Table 3.

Table 3. Example test measurement format

FIRST COLUMN SECOND COLUMN AND FORWARD

TIME DATA DATA IN THE ORDER DEFINED IN THE RELEVANT SECTION

First Row aT-1234 aPT-1234 ... aPr-1234 Second Row Time Total Generation in Plant ... Unit-1 Live Steam Pressure Third Row Second MW ... kgf/cm2

Fourth Row 440.0 ... 240

Fifth and further rows

0 200.1 ... 239.92 0.1 200.1 ... 239.92 0.2 200.1 ... 239.92 ... ... ... ...

1000 250.2 ... 240.05 1000.1 250.1 ... 240.04

The format of test evaluation files for each test is defined with the following properties:

• File Name : DATE_TESTID_IDENTIFIER.csv, where

− DATE : YYYY_MM_DD

− TESTID : Defined for each test in Section B

− IDENTIFIER : Should be defined based on the tested equipment

For Unit Tests : UNIT_X, where X is the unit number

For Group Tests : GROUP_X, where X is the unit number

For Plant Tests : PLANT

• File Format : Comma Separated Values, CSV

B. ANCILLARY SERVICE TEST DATA CONTENTS

This section describes the necessary signals for test evaluation and their column orders in order to standardize the evaluation process. The test result files names (TESTID), signals to be recorded and the time resolution of the result file is given in Table 4.



Table 4. Test result file details

ANCILLARY SERVICE TEST TESTID TIME

STEP TEST SIGNALS

Frequency Containment

Reserve

Constant Load Test

FCR_CLT 1 Sec 1- Unit Power Setpoint (unchanged during the test) (in MW) 2- Dead-band (in mHz) 3- Speed Droop (in %) 4- Network Frequency (in Hz) 5- Injected Frequency Signal (in Hz or mHz) 6- Unit Power Generation (in MW) 7- Turbine Regulating Valve Position-1 / Wicket Gate Position (in %) 8- Turbine Regulating Valve Position-2 / Turbine Blade Angle (in Deg) 9- Live Steam Pressure / Pressure (Head) at the Entrance of Turbine (in relevant units)

Mechanical Sensitivity Test

FCR_MST 0.1 Sec

Mechanical Linearity Test

FCR_MLT 0.1 Sec

FCR Performance Test - High Load

FCR_PHL 0.1 Sec

FCR Performance Test - Low Load

FCR_PLL 0.1 Sec

Automatic Frequency

Restoration Reserve

Constant Load Test

aFRR_CLT 1 Sec 1- Plant/Group Total Power Setpoint (in MW) 2- Network Frequency (in Hz) 3- Plant/Group Total Power Generation (in MW) 4- Individual Unit Power Setpoints (in MW) 5- Individual Unit Power Generation (in MW) 6- Individual Unit Turb. Reg. Valve Pos.-1 / Wicket Gate Pos. (in %) 7- Individual Unit Turb. Reg. Valve Pos.-2 / Turbine Blade Angle (in Deg) 8- Individual Unit Live Steam Pressure / Pressure (Head) at the Entrance of Turbine (in relevant units)


aFRR_MST 0.1 Sec


aFRR_MLT 0.1 Sec

aFRR Performance Test - High Load

aFRR_PHL 0.1 Sec

aFRR Performance Test - Low Load

aFRR_PLL 0.1 Sec

Manual Frequency

Restoration Reserve

Constant Load Test

mFRR_CLT 1 Sec 1- Plant/Group Total Power Setpoint (in MW) 2- Network Frequency (in Hz) 3- Plant/Group Total Power Generation (in MW) 4- Individual Unit Power Setpoints (in MW) 5- Individual Unit Power Generation (in MW) 6- Individual Unit Turb. Reg. Valve Pos.-1 / Wicket Gate Pos. (in %) 7- Individual Unit Turb. Reg. Valve Pos.-2 / Turbine Blade Angle (in Deg) 8- Individual Unit Live Steam Pressure / Pressure (Head) at the Entrance of Turbine (in relevant units)


mFRR_MST 0.1 Sec


mFRR_MLT 0.1 Sec

mFRR Performance Test - High Load

mFRR_PHL 0.1 Sec

mFRR Performance Test - Low Load

mFRR_PLL 0.1 Sec

Replacement Reserve

Constant Load Test

RR_CLT 1 Sec 1- Plant/Group Total Power Setpoint (in MW) 2- Network Frequency (in Hz) 3- Plant/Group Total Power Generation (in MW) 4- Individual Unit Power Setpoints (in MW) 5- Individual Unit Power Generation (in MW) 6- Individual Unit Turb. Reg. Valve Pos.-1 / Wicket Gate Pos. (in %) 7- Individual Unit Turb. Reg. Valve Pos.-2 / Turbine Blade Angle (in Deg) 8- Individual Unit Live Steam Pressure / Pressure (Head) at the Entrance of Turbine (in relevant units)


RR_MST 0.1 Sec


RR_MLT 0.1 Sec

RR Performance Test - High Load

RR_PHL 0.1 Sec

RR Performance Test - Low Load

RR_PLL 0.1 Sec


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