REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND

STUDIES

Conceptual Literature

Research Literature

It contains literature coming from books, journalism, and other forms of material, concerning or relevant to the study, but are data-free or non – empirical material, coming from both foreign and local sources.

These are empirically – based, like scientific paper, theses, and dissertations, both published and unpublished, coming from local and foreign sources.

It gives researcher several ideas on how to select and formulate his own research problem.

It helps the researcher identify studies that have been done related to the topic he is interested in.

It avoids possible duplication of similar studies.

It guides the researcher on the possible theoretical framework he can use for his current study.

It gives direction to the researcher on how he will create his own conceptual framework.

It allows the researcher to browse several kinds of research designs, sampling techniques, statistical procedures, questionnaires and processes of presenting, analyzing , and interpreting data, from where he could base his own choice for his paper.

It gives a picture of a comparative analysis between variables used in reviewed materials and those used in the current study.

The review material must be current.

Literature and studies reviewed must be relevant to the study.

Findings or result of reviewed study should be objective and free of biases.

The data used in the reviewed materials should be scrutinized in terms of sampling technique used to ensure that generalizations are based on normal population.

Reviewed materials related to the current study should be enough to establish a strong and viable trending of result.

Graduate theses and DissertationEncyclopedia of Educational researchBooks Internet sites and resources

(website, e-journals, e-books)Dictionaries in education and

psychology

Identify the general topic of the sources under discussion. Thus, you will provide the context of your review of related literature;

Discuss what was already presented about the topic of your paper: conflicts in a theory, conclusions, gaps in research and scholarship, etc.

Explain why the literature used is worth reviewing

How to Write the Introduction of a Review of Related Literature

It is a way of strengthening or concretizing one’s idea by citing the similar or relevant ideas or findings of other researchers and authorities. Documentation was done through footnoting or parenthetical reference citation. Modern writers is now using parenthetical reference style. The style is called “American Psychological Association style” or APA style

According to Flippo (1984) proper job performance is achieved only if employees are trained because they will improve their skills.

Flippo (1984) stated the relationship or training and performance, thus:

 “After personnel have been obtained, they must be to some degree developed. Development has to do with the increase of skill through training, that is necessary for proper job performance.”

 

When a work has two authors, always cite both names every time the reference occurs in the text. In parenthetical material join the names with an ampersand (&).

In the narrative text, join the names with the word "and."as Leiter and Maslach (1998) demonstrated

When a work has three, four, or five authors, cite all authors the first time the reference occurs.

Kahneman, Knetsch, and Thaler (1991) found

Each member furnish a copy of foreign and local literature of their study.

Harmonize the information following the sequence of the question under Statement of the Problem

Lift, adopt, paraphrase or quote the essential substance of a written source.

Present the output to the class