Review of Plant Diversity Bryophytes non-vascular land plants Pteridophytes seedless vascular plants...

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Review of Plant Diversity Bryophytes non-vascular land plants Pteridophytes seedless vascular plants Gymnosperm pollen & “naked” seeds Angiosperm flowers & fruit pollen & seeds vascular system = water conduction mosses ferns conifers flowering plants colonization of land Ancestral Protist flowers

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Transcript of Review of Plant Diversity Bryophytes non-vascular land plants Pteridophytes seedless vascular plants...

Page 1: Review of Plant Diversity Bryophytes non-vascular land plants Pteridophytes seedless vascular plants Gymnosperm pollen & “naked” seeds Angiosperm flowers.

Review of Plant Diversity

Bryophytesnon-vascularland plants

Pteridophytesseedless vascular plants

Gymnospermpollen & “naked” seeds

Angiospermflowers & fruit

pollen & seeds

vascular system = water conduction

mosses ferns

conifersflowering plants

colonization of land

Ancestral Protist

flowers

Page 2: Review of Plant Diversity Bryophytes non-vascular land plants Pteridophytes seedless vascular plants Gymnosperm pollen & “naked” seeds Angiosperm flowers.

diploidmulticellularsporophyte2n

haploidmulticellulargametophyte1n

gametes1n

Plant

alternation of generations

mitosismitosis

fertilization

mitosis

meiosis

spores1n

zygote 2n

A Review of Alternation of Generations…

How is this different from animal life cycles?

A Gametophyte is:

A Sporophyte is:

Page 3: Review of Plant Diversity Bryophytes non-vascular land plants Pteridophytes seedless vascular plants Gymnosperm pollen & “naked” seeds Angiosperm flowers.

First land plantsBryophytes: mosses & liverworts

non-vascularno water transport systemno true roots

cuticle prevents drying out

swimming spermflagellated sperm

lifecycle dominated by haploid gametophyte stagefuzzy moss plant you are

familiar with is haploid

spores for reproduction

diploidhaploid

Where mustmosses live?

Why can’t mosses grow

large?

Page 4: Review of Plant Diversity Bryophytes non-vascular land plants Pteridophytes seedless vascular plants Gymnosperm pollen & “naked” seeds Angiosperm flowers.

Bryophytes: mosses & liverworts

Page 5: Review of Plant Diversity Bryophytes non-vascular land plants Pteridophytes seedless vascular plants Gymnosperm pollen & “naked” seeds Angiosperm flowers.

Liverwort

Page 6: Review of Plant Diversity Bryophytes non-vascular land plants Pteridophytes seedless vascular plants Gymnosperm pollen & “naked” seeds Angiosperm flowers.

Moss

Page 7: Review of Plant Diversity Bryophytes non-vascular land plants Pteridophytes seedless vascular plants Gymnosperm pollen & “naked” seeds Angiosperm flowers.

Peat Bog

“Peat Moss”

Page 8: Review of Plant Diversity Bryophytes non-vascular land plants Pteridophytes seedless vascular plants Gymnosperm pollen & “naked” seeds Angiosperm flowers.
Page 9: Review of Plant Diversity Bryophytes non-vascular land plants Pteridophytes seedless vascular plants Gymnosperm pollen & “naked” seeds Angiosperm flowers.

Bryophyte significanceFood for mammals and birds

Prevent soil erosion along streams

Commercially – peat moss (Sphagnum) is used as a fuel, a soil conditioner, and by florists

Page 10: Review of Plant Diversity Bryophytes non-vascular land plants Pteridophytes seedless vascular plants Gymnosperm pollen & “naked” seeds Angiosperm flowers.

FERNSSelaginella Psilotum

Horsetails Ferns

An important group of plants – 10,000 species exist!

Page 11: Review of Plant Diversity Bryophytes non-vascular land plants Pteridophytes seedless vascular plants Gymnosperm pollen & “naked” seeds Angiosperm flowers.

First vascular plantsPteridophytes: ferns

vascularwater transport systemxylem, phloem, roots,

leavesswimming sperm

flagellated spermlife cycle dominated by

sporophyte stageleafy fern plant you are

familiar with is diploidfragile independent

gametophyte (prothallus)spores for reproduction

haploid cells which sprout to form gametophyte

diploid

Where mustferns live?

haploid

Page 12: Review of Plant Diversity Bryophytes non-vascular land plants Pteridophytes seedless vascular plants Gymnosperm pollen & “naked” seeds Angiosperm flowers.

Alternation of generationsFern gametophyte (1n)

small haploid plant which produces gametes

archegonia

antheridia

Page 13: Review of Plant Diversity Bryophytes non-vascular land plants Pteridophytes seedless vascular plants Gymnosperm pollen & “naked” seeds Angiosperm flowers.

diploid

Alternation of generations

haploid

produces male & female gametes

archegonia

antheridia

Page 14: Review of Plant Diversity Bryophytes non-vascular land plants Pteridophytes seedless vascular plants Gymnosperm pollen & “naked” seeds Angiosperm flowers.
Page 15: Review of Plant Diversity Bryophytes non-vascular land plants Pteridophytes seedless vascular plants Gymnosperm pollen & “naked” seeds Angiosperm flowers.

Fern sporophyte body partsFern sporophyte

has fronds (leaves)

• Young fronds are called fiddleheads• They also have an underground horizontal stem called the rhizome

• True roots come from the rhizome

Page 16: Review of Plant Diversity Bryophytes non-vascular land plants Pteridophytes seedless vascular plants Gymnosperm pollen & “naked” seeds Angiosperm flowers.

Rhizome

Page 17: Review of Plant Diversity Bryophytes non-vascular land plants Pteridophytes seedless vascular plants Gymnosperm pollen & “naked” seeds Angiosperm flowers.

FrondsUnder the fronds, spores are

produced in sporangia in clusterscalled sori (sorus = singular)

Spores grow into the gametophyte

The gametophyte grows the sporophyteThe sporophyte makes more spores

Page 18: Review of Plant Diversity Bryophytes non-vascular land plants Pteridophytes seedless vascular plants Gymnosperm pollen & “naked” seeds Angiosperm flowers.

Significance of fernsEcologically important: Hold and form soil to

prevent erosion

As food – fern fiddleheadseaten in Hawaii, Japan, Philippines – very nutritiousand delicious!

As ornamental plants

Coal formationfrom ancient ferns

Page 19: Review of Plant Diversity Bryophytes non-vascular land plants Pteridophytes seedless vascular plants Gymnosperm pollen & “naked” seeds Angiosperm flowers.

Early Pteridophytes: Tree Ferns

Carboniferous forest – 290-350 myaForests of seedless plants decayed into deposits of coal & oil

Page 20: Review of Plant Diversity Bryophytes non-vascular land plants Pteridophytes seedless vascular plants Gymnosperm pollen & “naked” seeds Angiosperm flowers.

Pteridophytes: Tree fernsfrondsfrondsfiddleheadsfiddleheads

Page 21: Review of Plant Diversity Bryophytes non-vascular land plants Pteridophytes seedless vascular plants Gymnosperm pollen & “naked” seeds Angiosperm flowers.

More seedless vascular plants… Club Moss

Page 22: Review of Plant Diversity Bryophytes non-vascular land plants Pteridophytes seedless vascular plants Gymnosperm pollen & “naked” seeds Angiosperm flowers.

Horsetail

Page 23: Review of Plant Diversity Bryophytes non-vascular land plants Pteridophytes seedless vascular plants Gymnosperm pollen & “naked” seeds Angiosperm flowers.

What next…?What major problems do bryophytes and

pteridophytes face?

What features do more advanced plants have that deal with these problems?


Gymnosperms Gymnosperm means naked seed Sexual Reproduction Vascular.

Gymnosperms Gymnosperm means naked seed Sexual Reproduction Vascular.

Reproduction in seed plants. Gymnosperm seeds are not enclosed by a protective fruit.

Reproduction in seed plants. Gymnosperm seeds are not enclosed by a protective fruit.

Vascular Seeded Plants

Vascular Seeded Plants

Vascular plants Spore Gymnosperm Angiosperm Germinate · PDF file04/09/2017 · nutrients from the roots to the other parts ... •Since angiosperm seeds are often enclosed in fruit,

Vascular plants Spore Gymnosperm Angiosperm Germinate · PDF file04/09/2017 · nutrients from the roots to the other parts ... •Since angiosperm seeds are often enclosed in fruit,

Vascular Plants with Seeds

Vascular Plants with Seeds

Ls5 vascular plants

Ls5 vascular plants

VASCULARPLANTS. SEEDLESS VASCULAR PLANTS Vascular plants, such as ferns are much better adapted to life on land than nonvascular plants. Vascular.

VASCULARPLANTS. SEEDLESS VASCULAR PLANTS Vascular plants, such as ferns are much better adapted to life on land than nonvascular plants. Vascular.

Vascular nonvascular plants

Vascular nonvascular plants

21.1 Plant Evolutions and Adaptations · Vascular plants - plants with vascular tissue ! Nonvascular plants – plants without vascular tissue . Reproductive Stragegies ! Water is

21.1 Plant Evolutions and Adaptations · Vascular plants - plants with vascular tissue ! Nonvascular plants – plants without vascular tissue . Reproductive Stragegies ! Water is

Vascular Plants

Vascular Plants

In Vascular Plants

In Vascular Plants

Life Science Part 2 of 9.3. Gymnosperm Oldest trees alive Gymnosperm: Vascular plants that produce seeds that are not protected by fruit Do not have flowers.

Life Science Part 2 of 9.3. Gymnosperm Oldest trees alive Gymnosperm: Vascular plants that produce seeds that are not protected by fruit Do not have flowers.

Moss: Non-Vascular Plants

Moss: Non-Vascular Plants

VASCULAR PLANTS :)

VASCULAR PLANTS :)

Seedless Vascular Plants Plants with a vascular system but no seeds.

Seedless Vascular Plants Plants with a vascular system but no seeds.

Non-Vascular and Vascular Plants

Non-Vascular and Vascular Plants

The Vascular Plants

The Vascular Plants

Seedless Vascular Plants - FacStaff Home Page for CBUfacstaff.cbu.edu/~jmoore25/BotanyPPT/SVPppt.pdfSeedless Vascular Plants Ch 17 Evolution of Vascular Plants ... – Central cylinder

Seedless Vascular Plants - FacStaff Home Page for CBUfacstaff.cbu.edu/~jmoore25/BotanyPPT/SVPppt.pdfSeedless Vascular Plants Ch 17 Evolution of Vascular Plants ... – Central cylinder

Bryophytes( Non- Vascular Plants)

Bryophytes( Non- Vascular Plants)

Sexual Reproduction Flowering Plants. Two Types of Seed Producing Plants 1. Angiosperms 1. Angiosperms Flowering plants Flowering plants 2. Gymnosperm.

Sexual Reproduction Flowering Plants. Two Types of Seed Producing Plants 1. Angiosperms 1. Angiosperms Flowering plants Flowering plants 2. Gymnosperm.