CHAPTER 3

Review of Literature

3.1 Introduction

3.2 Significance of Review of Literature

3.3 Literature reviewed for the Research

3.4 Limitations of previous Researches

3.5 Summary

CHAPTER 3

Review of Literature

3.1 Introduction: Review of

literature plays a crucial role in every research. Review of literature also has special

significance in historical research. It is the reliable means of acquiring profound and

extensive knowledge about the research topic.1 Review of literature is written on the

basis of reading and understanding of related literature. Review of related literature is

conducted to perceive which research is previously carried out regarding the research

topic, which aspects were highlighted, which conclusions were drawn. Review of

literature is not merely a stage in research but, it is a directive act valuable for every

stage of research. It helps in gaining theoretical understanding and clarity about the

research. Research problem comes clearly in focus. Review of literature is crucial while

defining research problem, forming objectives, assumptions, hypotheses and deciding

the scope and limitations of research. It assists in deciding the research method for the

research. It is also vital in deciding which techniques and sources to choose for data

collection for the research. It is also useful in the sample selection and techniques data

analysis as per the research problem. Previous researches, their conclusions,

suggestions and recommendations are pragmatically and logically invaluable for the

planning and execution. Review of literature

proves to be vital in two basic ways; on one side it helps in gaining appropriate

understanding of the problem and on other side it assists in avoiding repetition or

exaggeration and limitations of previous researches. It helps in saving time, money and

labour of the researcher. It also assists to plan available knowledge resources with

accuracy and conciseness. Review of related literature lays scientific foundation in

understanding current status of research work. Rational understanding of literature is

significant in historical research because it can help to accumulate truth and to analyze

facts based on evidences. Critical inquiry based on evidence and logic is highly

significant in historical research to arrive at a sharp focus. It enlarges the vision of a

historical researcher. It also assists in developing vocabulary, knowledge and

understanding, thinking levels, writing style, intellectual maturity and presentation

competence. Review of literature comprises of scholarly articles,

books, reference books and other resources related to the research topic. It also

includes M.Phil., Ph.D. and Project theses, reports as well as research papers. Any

information source means literature. It includes books, reference books, articles,

periodicals, research reports, theses, etc.2 Literature is available in the forms of

electronic media in modern times such as e-books, e-journals, websites, blogs,

multimedia, etc.

3.2 Significance of Review of Literature:

P.R. Rathod has expressed various benefits of review of literature. They are as

follows;

1) It provides a new interpretation of old material or combines new with old

interpretations.

2) It maps out the intellectual development of the field including major debates.

3) It helps to bridge gaps in the available material due to lack of insight and lack of

interpretation.

4) It offers new magnitudes to look at the old problem.

5) It assists to build a new theory by rejecting previous theoretical frames.

6) It helps to bring facts in new light of theoretical understanding.

7) It also helps to develop new insight to look at the problem.

There are some specific purposes and importance of review of literature which

can be stated as follows3

1) To understand the history of research problem:

The prime purpose of review of literature is to understand on which aspects of

research problems the researches were done previously.

2) To recognize the unattended dimensions:

It is also one of the main purposes of review of literature to recognize which

aspects of research problem are unattended or neglected till now.

3) To define the research problem:

One can get aware about various concepts related with research through review

of literature. Relevant statement of problem can be made on the basis of these

concepts.

4) To review the flaws in the past researches:

The review of literature is conducted to compare the previous researches related

with the present research problem and to recognize the flaws in the research

methodology and techniques applied in them.

5) To re-examine the results of previous researches and check their reliability:

Review of literature helps us to re-examine the past researches to understand

whether the results of past researches were based on objective information? Whether

they were impartial?

6) To search the theoretical basis for the proposed research:

The purpose of review of literature is also to perceive different theories related to

the present research, to analyze them. The theoretical foundation for the proposed

research can be laid on the basis of this analysis.4

7) To reflect the adequate knowledge of the researcher for the proposed research:

Review of literature is carried out to make the pertinent persons aware that the

researcher has ample knowledge about the concepts, problems, incidents,

components, etc. regarding the proposed research along with past researches related

to the proposed research.

8) To avoid the repetition in research:

Repetition in research is avoided due to review of literature and it shuns the

wastage of time, money and labour. Researcher also

understands what research has been done on the proposed research problem and

which aspects are still unattended. Researcher gets clear idea about which problem

needs to be chosen and which facet is to be emphasized. Review of literature aids the

researcher in understanding the strengths as well as the lacunae and errors in the past

researches. Hence, the researcher stresses on avoiding such errors. Review of related

literature proves to be handy while portraying scope, limitations, need and vitality of the

proposed research. It helps the researcher to consider what is thought previously

regarding the proposed research, which suggestions have been made. Review of

literature is critical in thinking, describing and making decisions about how the present

research is complementary to these thoughts and suggestions. It also exhibits the

intellectual reach of the researcher about the proposed research topic. The

implication of review of literature regarding the proposed research reflects through

points mentioned below;

1) Researcher recognized the call for research on local history through review of

literature. The importance of study of local history is increasing in modern times. Hence,

it motivated the researcher to select the research area of local history.

2) Shrirampur tehsil is emerging as promising and vital part of Maharashtra. The

graph of political, social and economic contribution and progress of this tehsil is

elevating day by day. But, then also enough research is yet to be done regarding

political, socio-economic, historical progression of Shrirampur. Therefore, the

researcher gained motivation for researching on Shrirampur tehsil in the area of local

history. Review of literature made it possible for the researcher to avoid repetition of

previous researches in the proposed research.

3) It assisted the researcher immensely while recognizing and comprising various

aspects, components, institutions, incidents and their role while studying local history. It

was doable for the researcher to take an account of transformations occurred through

various facets like economic, social, political, cooperative, trade, educational, cultural

While studying Shrirampur tehsil. It was also possible for the researcher to study

persons, incidents, institutions and their contribution due to review of literature. Review

of literature guided the researcher to use literature as well as archaeological sources,

various reports, traditional folk literature, traditions, legends for the documentation of

history of Shrirampur.

4) Researcher found decisive utility of previous researches and related literature in

the selection and designing of research methodology, tools and resources of data

collection and techniques for studying the progression and distinct incidents of

Shrirampur during the wide period of 1947-2007. It also helped in the process of

contents analysis.

5) Review of literature provided valuable assistance in data collection, internal and

external criticism of the collected facts in the area of local history. It also helped

immensely in the process of objective and precise interpretation.

3.3 Literature reviewed for the Research:

A variety of books, reference books, scholarly articles,

research papers, theses as well as research reports of M.Phil., Ph.D. and projects

along with web resources were instrumental in the present research. Some of the

selective reference books, research theses, web resources are review as follows;

3.3.1 Reference books:

* 'Vicharvedha' is the book written by Mr. Raosaheb Shinde. This has 11 chapters. First

of these chapters gives detail information about Rayat Shikshan Sanstha and

Karmaveer Bhaurao Patil. What Rayat Shikshan Sanstha could do for Shrirampur Tehsil

is also mentioned. 5Th chapter gives us the information of how Shrirampur city was

made. 6th chapter informs us how Saint Luke Hospital and dispensary of Sugar Factory

made contribution in the field of medicine in Shrirampur city.5 Social, Financial,

Religious and political field are the other fields you get information about. This book was

useful a great deal for the research.

* Mr. Shivaji Savant has written a book called ‘Ladhat'. This book is biography of

Padmashree Dr. Vitthalrao Ekanathrao Vikhe Patil. This gives the details of making of

first Cooperative Sugar Factory from Shrirampur Tehsil. This also states very clearly

the achievements of Dr. Vitthalrao Ekanathrao Vikhe Patil who was the director of Asia's

first factory which is owned by the farmers and run on the principals of cooperative

movement. Financial, social and political picture of the farmers from Shrirampur Tehsil

can be studied from this book. Actually Dr. Vikhe Patil's spectacular achievements in the

field of education are reflected in this book.6In reality, he was the one who was

responsible for the educational, financial and social revolution from the Tehsil. He laid

the foundation of rural development and that is stated in this book. You also get

information of how to solve the irrigation problems, farmer's problems and the lack of

knowledge in farming. With Pravara Shikshan Sanstha transformed the educational

scene from Pravara and surroundings. This book was very useful while studying

Shrirampur Tehsil.

* Mr. R. S. Morvanchikar has written a book titled; "Itihaslekhanshastra Va Itihaskar".

There are in all 8 chapters in the book. First chapter has the Definition of History, the

Spread of History. Second chapter states clearly the importance of History. From the

point of view of Social Sciences a very balanced view is put forward in the third chapter.

With use of many definitions of history he has made common man understand what

history is. In which way the study of history is beneficial to the society is written in detail.

The methods of research in history and the tools needed are mentioned in the

book.7This book is useful to understand Science of writing history and writing the thesis.

* Mr. Rajendra Wadmare has written a book 'Mahameru', a biography of Padmashree

Dr. Vitthalrao Ekanathrao Vikhe Patil. This has 36 chapters and out of these, chapters

25 to 32 give you the information about the accomplishments of Dr. Vikhe Patil. New

inventions and new sciences can be employed by the farmers to make successful

farming and some businesses in a cooperative manner are what are stated in the book.

Even an ordinary farmer can built industry in the rural part by using cooperative

movement and organizational skills. It can be run in a successful manner and this book

shows how. The Pravara left canal Bhandardara Dam which was a god given gift which

immensely benefited farming from Shrirampur Tehsil. It used to be a draught prone area

but using this water the same area became successful in Sugar Cain Farming.

Agriculture if combined with Milk Production then what way it can be beneficial to

agriculture is also stated in the book.8 Chapter 33 describes in detail Pravara

Educational Education Society.

* ‘ Purohitwarg Va Bhartacha Samajik Itihas’ had been written by Muranjan Sumant.

This book consists of 10 chapters. The third chapter among these, describes the origins

of gods/goddess with the references of Upanishad has. In this Upanishad, the

incarnations of god Mahadev are described. How god Shankar was innocent, simple

and happy, these things are told we find the origin of ‘Shaivapantha’ among these

qualities of god Shiva. This Shaivapantha was opposing the colour discrimination. We

find no contrast between females and males, touchable (superiors) and non-touchable

(interiors). That is why this sect is spread all over India. We see so many temples of god

Shiva throughout India. The temples of this kind are located at Gondhavani, Wadala

Mahadev and Taklibhan in Shrirampur tehsil. This book is useful for the research work.

* Hans raj Khamanikar has written a book titled; ‘Panchawtar Charanankit Sthan

Darshan’. There are total 9 chapters. Chapter no 5 he has discussed in detail of the stay

in different places by Chakradhar Swami. Godavari and Pravara, the two rivers from

Shrirampur Tehsil on the banks of which there are several villages and Chakradhar

Swami had stayed there. Domegaon (Kamalpur), Takalibhan, Naygaon, Bhokar,

Belapur, Bhamathan, Khokar and Malvadgaon are the villages included. It was first time

that he used the vernacular language to impart knowledge to the person from the lowest

strata of the society. The ancient philosophy was narrated in simple words hence they

got the knowledge. This is how Mahanubhav Panth became popular in Shrirampur

Tehsil. This Panth did the right things in educational and religious sections.10This book

was very useful in research.

* Mr. Aradhye Rajdhar has written a book, ’Jidnyasa’ which has 14 chapters. In chapter

3, he has taken in to account a pilgrimage centre called Dome gram (Kamalpur). The

founder of Mahanubhav Panth, Chakradhar swami was staying here for some time. This

place is on the banks of Godavari River. Beel Bidarsingh a Sikh Swami visited this place

in 17th century. He stayed there for some time and breathed his last there only. A

Gurudwara was erected in the memory of this Sikh guru. After Naded, Domegaon is

known as the religiously important place for Sikhs in Maharashtra. At this place only,

Mhainbhat wrote a book called Lila Charitra, which is based on Shree Chakradhar

Swami.11 This book was useful in overall research.

* Mr. Keshar Meshram has written a book titled, "Shri Charadhar Prabhuki

Chinnasthali". This book has 6 chapters and in 4th chapter he has described the holy

place called Chinnasthali. Domegaon (Kamalpur. Shrirampur Tehsil) has many a holy

places and Chinnasthali is one of them. This is situated right in the river Godavari.

Chakradar Swami himself used to have talks with the people at Chinnastahli. These

days, Godavari River used to have plenty of water all through the year. River Godavari

is fondly called as Ganga of southern India. Not only from Ahamednagar but even from

Maharashtra many people visit this place of pilgrimage.12

* Mr. Sopan Shende has written a book titled, "Marathe Kalin Dharmik Jeevan". There

are 6 chapters and the 4th chapter accounts for Gods from the Maratha regime, fairs

and religious functions. Lord Shiva or Mahadev dominate the Hindus from India. Every

village or a city has Shiva Temples. In Maharashtra, Khadoba is considered as a

reincarnation of Lord Shiva. In Maharashtra, Khadoba is a family deity for many

families. Maharashtra also has many temples of 'Devi'. 'Tulaja Bhavani' is considered as

deity of Maharashtra. During Navaratri, this Devi is worshiped. Apart from these temples

of Lord Ganesha, temples of Lord Maruti are a common feature of Maharashtra.13 This

book was useful in the research.

* Mr. S.S.Gathal wrote a book on ‘Bhartacha Itihas Va Sanskruti’. This book is in 4

sections. 7th chapter of 4th section has a detail disruption of the conflict for the

liberation of Hyderabad a biggest state of India then. Nizam ruled Hyderabad during the

period of 1724 to 1948. Nizam the 7th was ruling from 1911 to 1948. Though he was a

simpleton, he informed the English government that his is an independent state and

refused to merge with Independent India. Nizam had started to treat the state as

independent country and an Islamic country. Hyderabad Mukti Morcha took the

responsibility and they did not allow this to happen and forced Nizam to surrender.14This

book was useful in the research.

* Mr. Somnath Rode has written a book titled as ‘Marathyacha Itihas’. There are 13

chapters in the book. He has discussed in detail about Swami Ramanand Tirth, a

revolutionary leader. He used to reside in Hyderabad and this book informs us about his

revolutionary activities against Nizam. As the Swami was imprisoned, the activities

against Nizam were intensified. Swamiji was also active during the Quite India

Movement in 1942 though his activities against Nizam were still on. Swamiji founded

State Congress in Hyderabad but Nizam dissolved it and Swamiji even after that stared

a creative work to intensify the activities against Nizam. 10th chapter of the same book

the writer has mentioned the contribution of many co workers of Swamiji. Even after

India achieved independence The Hyderabad State refused to merge with India. In

order to take away the power from Nizam Swamiji really intensified the fight. Many

women also contributed in this fight against Nizam. The contribution made by ladies like

Ashatai Waghmare, Sishilabai Divene, Dagadabai Shelke, Rajundarbai Kabara,

Pratibhatai Vaihsmpayan, Shantabai Kotecha and Gitabai Charthankar was mentioned

in detail.15This book was helpful in the research.

* Mr. B.B.Patil has written a book, titled ‘Maharashtra Shasan Ani Rajkaran’. There are

9 chapters and out of those 7 chapters he has written in detail about the local governing

bodies and this includes Grampanchayat, Panchayat Samity and Zillah Parishad.

Panchayat Samity's role in Panchayat raj Samity is very important as Panchayat Samity

is a link between Grampnchayat and Zillah Parishad. The numbers of Panchayat Samity

members depend on the population. State Election Committee fixes the constituencies

and the election is by adult and secretes voting. Panchayat Samity has tenure of 5

years. Out of the elected members the chairman is elected. To help him a deputy

chairman is also elected. Panchayat Samity works at the Tehsil level and is concern

with the development of the place.16Many governments are implemented through this

Samity itself. This book was useful for the research.

* Shobha Karekar and Sharad Ghodake have written a book titled; ‘Maharashtrache

Shasan Va Rajkaran’. There are 11 chapters in the book. Local Governing Bodies is the

chapter where they have accounted for the working of Local Governing Bodies. The

development of rural populace and actual participation of rural people seems to be the

objective of forming these. In a particular village or city a representative elected by the

people is expected to do the administrative job and this is known as the local governing

body. The local governing body is of great importance by all means. Historically these

bodies were formed so that the needs of the people can be looked into. Even when the

states were formed these local bodies existence is critical.17This book was useful in this

research.

* Mr. Gangadhar Kayande has written a book titled; ‘Udyonmukh Bhartiy Samajatil

Shikshan-Shaikshanik Tatwdnyan’. There are 34 chapters in the book. In the first

chapter he has put forward the Concept of Education and also accounted for the

meaning of education, kind of educational process and the factors in this process. In the

same chapter he has written about the objectives and goals of education. He has also

mentioned about official and unofficial education and mentioned about the

characteristics of both the type of educational methods.18This book was useful in this

research.

* Mr. K.K.Nagtode has written a book titled; ‘Shaley Vyavsthapan-Shaikshanik

Sanrachana Ani Adhunik Vicharprawah’. There are 10 chapters and in chapter no 6 he

has discussed primary education in detail. He has stated how important the primary

education is for the country saying that education does not only improve an individual

but plays a major role in the improvement of the country. He has mentioned the

perception of primary education of the developed countries and clearly stated that a

developing country like India should concentrate on primary education in better way. As

Primary education was neglected by India, we are still considered as a developing

country which is a reality.19 This book was useful for research.

* Vishwambhar Kulkarni and Vinayak Bhintade have written a book titled; ‘Bhartiy

Adhunik Shikshan-Samsya Ani Upay’. There are 14 chapters in the book. The third

chapters mention Meaning of Primary Education, reach and importance. He has made a

statement that the country which has educated human resources, cultural and healthy is

considered as the great country. Only education will inculcate these characteristics.

Primary education is the pillar for this. If you want to master the things which would

educate you, writing, reading and thinking are essential and you will get these things

only due to education and for this things to take place, primary education is essential.

Hence primary education is of utmost importance. Secondary and Higher secondary

education is discussed in chapter no 4.20 This book was useful for this research.

* Mr. N.G.Pawar has written a book titled; ‘Bhartiy Shikshnatil Adhunik Vicharprawah’.

There are 7 chapters in the book. In the first chapter he has discussed in detail about

the layout of education. This includes concept, layout and types of education. He has

also mentioned the need of pre-primary education along with the objectives. He has

also discussed the rights and wrongs in primary education by mentioning compulsory

generalized primary education, number and quality improvement. The same chapter

states the concepts of secondary education and the need of professional training in

secondary education. Generally this chapter takes in to consideration the journey from

primary education to higher education, the merits and demerits of education.21 This

book was useful in the research.

* Snehal Tawade and Pratibha Shinde have written a book titled; ‘Madhyamik Ani

Uchcha Madhyamik Shikshan Vyavsthapan-Samsya Va Upay’. There are 14 chapters in

the book. In the second chapter of this book there is a mention about management and

arrangement of physical and human resources. The school needs a proper building,

necessary educational tools, library, labs, ground, and syllabus and time table and there

is detail discussion on this. At the same time, students and their classification is also

discussed. They have also accounted of those who look after the affectivity. If the

management has the proper structure then everything is done in given time is

mentioned. They have also discussed how important the school building and the

surroundings as this where the students are taught the ways and means of life.22 This

book was useful for the research.

* Ranjana Gatkal has written a book titled; ‘Madhyamik Ani Uchcha Madhyamik

Shikshanacha Vikas’. There are 12 chapters. Syllabus and the new thought process at

the secondary education level is described in chapter no 4. Logical support is the

foundation of education. At the same time idealism adds value. If one has to look after

the individual development of the students then one has to go close to the nature. Arts,

languages and mathematics have great importance when it comes to development of

likings and capacity of the students. The syllabus should be based on social support,

mental support and should have scientific base. To develop social emotions in students,

history, languages, social sciences and moral sciences have important place. Chapter

11 describes the problems in secondary and higher secondary education.23 This book

was useful for the research.

* P.K. Virkar and Pratibha Virkar have written a book titled ‘Shaley Shaikshnik

Adhisthan Bhag 1 Ani Bhag 2’. In third chapter of part 1 they have given information of

Evaluation Techniques. Education induces different types of developmental changes in

behaviour and expected changes in behaviour are the objective of education. The

experience of learning begins from these objectives. At what level the students have

inculcated the objectives of education is evaluated which is a process in itself. 8th

chapter in part 2, the short comings of secondary education. Conventional Syllabus and

the methods of teachings have caused the secondary education to become stale. As

hardly any professional training is imparted to the students, they still are not able to

stand on their own feet even after completing secondary education.24 Both these books

are useful for research.

* Annasaheb Magdum wrote a book on ‘Karmaveer Bhaurao Patil Ani Rayat Shikshan

Sanstha’. There are 21 chapters and in 5th chapter the writer has taken a detail account

of Rayat Shikshan Sanstha which was established by Karmaveer Bhaurao Patil.

Karmaveer started a hostel for poor and talented students from all religions and casts.

All are same and all need to work hard is what these students were taught. Earn and

learn facilities were provided to the poor students. He opened the doors for the students

from small villages by starting primary and secondary schools and colleges as well. By

opening first school in the rural parts of Shrirampur Tehsil Karmaveer started his

journey of Rayat Shikshan Sanstha. In a very short span of time he started primary

schools, secondary schools, Arts and Science College and separate Commerce

College. The Sanstha started a B.Ed. College and thus made the provision that the

secondary schools will get the trained teachers. Rayat Shikshan Sanstha did all this

hence the development of education field took place at a great speed.25 This book was

very useful in this research.

* Mr. R.D. Gaikwad and Mr. B.N. Sardesai have written a book on ‘Itihaslekhanshastra’.

There are 8 chapters in the book. In the first chapter he has described the overall view

on History and its reach, types and utility. Political history, Constitutional history, history

of Parliament, history of Law, History of External Affairs, history of Armed Forces,

history of Colonization, Social history, Cultural history, Intellectual History, Religious

History, Local history and World history are the types of history. If one views the merits

of these types then it is easy to understand that this distribution of history in different

types is need base and not based on any rigid philosophy. This distribution is done by

the historians as per the convenience and thus it cannot be stereotyped.26 This book

was useful in the research.

* Mr. S.S.Gathal has written a book on the ‘Itihaslekhanshastra’. There total 8 chapters.

The tools of history and classification of tools is described in chapter 3. In history writing

the preliminary tools have a great importance. Preliminary tool means when a writer

writes about something when the person is actually present at that time of happening.

This is trustworthy as far as history writing is concern. Without this history writing is not

possible. Government papers, papers of different institutions, organizations and

religious outfits, the papers from these are the preliminary tools. At the same time,

letters and Newspapers are also included. Preliminary tools also include the non written

things like, Ancient findings, Stone carvings, Coins, artefacts and temples.27 This book

was useful in this research.

* Mr. Narahar Kurundakar has written a book on ‘Hyderabad Vimochan Ani Visarg’.

This book has 16 chapters and in 6th chapter he has described in detail about Swami

Ramanad Tirth. He was a Sanyashi and did great things in making Hyderabad

independent. The Swami was impressed by Mahatma Gandhi and Vinoba Bhave.

Swami was a promoter of Non Violence and never varied from this during the fight for

Hyderabad. Handyman of Nizam Razakar was involved in injustice and torture while

ruling Hyderabad. Though Nizam was after forming an independent state but Swami

used the tool of non violence and made Hyderabad merge with India. Nizam was forced

to surrender.28 This book was useful in the research.

* Mr. P.V. Kate wrote a book “Marathwadyacha Itihas’’. There are 10 chapters and the

5th one he has mentioned about the situation in Marathwada during Nizam regime.

Today’s Marathwada was in the state of Hyderabad and Nizam used to rule it. This was

the 7th Nizam who was ruling Hyderabad. He dreamed of Independent Hyderabad.

Most of the people from the sate were Hindus and still with help of handful Muslims

Nizam was trying to rule them. Some villages of Shrirampur Tehsil also tried to support

the fight for the liberation of Hyderabad.29 This book was useful in the research.

* Mr. S.S.Gathal wrote a book; ‘Adhunik Maharashtracha Itihas’. There are 12 chapters

in the book and in 10th chapter he has taken a look at the Hyderabad Liberation

Movement. This fight was not between Hindus and Muslims but it was against the

Muslim rule was the conclusion drawn. The fight was led by the teachers as almost 90%

of those who participated in the fight were teachers. Women also played an important

role. This movement had self discipline, it was well organized and it was well controlled.

This fight was really out of this world. Nizam was forced to retreat and had to award

independence to Hyderabad.30 This book was useful for the research.

* Suresh Chauthaiwale has written a book on ‘Itihasache Tatwadnyan’. There are 7

chapters in the book. In the first chapter, history, Definition of History, Spread, Types

and nature of history are the points discussed. At the same time, history the science

and history the art is discussed in detail. The same chapter gives detail information

about Types of History. History the science is also discussed in detail. History is an

actually social science as it studies the human life which is surrounded by some

institutions and the social stratum. As now history is acknowledged as Science, many a

misunderstanding about history is removed. Just as history is science, it is an Art as

well. Genuine facts, proofs and tools are the few things which historian uses to make

research. Of course one need a command over language which makes history looks

like an art.31 This book was useful for this research.

* Prabhakar Dev has written a book: ‘Itihasshastra Sanshodhan Adhyapan Va Lekhan

Paranpara’. There are 12 chapters in the book. First chapter states; Definition of

History, Supporting Study Branches of History, and Other Supporting Sciences. While

studying historic instruments, one needs to study the secondary branches for study.

When you trace the period gone by you are actually tracing out the steps taken by the

human race. This also means we need to take in to account the Financial, Social,

Political and Religious transactions. Artistic Expression of humans, Creation of

Literature and Cultural Activities also need to be studied. Everything humans do, few

branches for the study were evolved. Science of Finance, Social Studies and Science of

Religion are just some of those branches. These study branches and Social Sciences

are known as the supplementary to history.32 This book was very useful in the research

* Mr. Suhas Rajdekar has written a book on ‘Itihaslekhanshastra’. There are 12

chapters in the book. In the 2nd chapter of this book he has discussed Meaning of

History, Spread of History and supplementary Social Sciences. Historical Debris,

Ancient Artifacts and old papers are the things which gives information is historical

information. Thus we can judge from these proofs how History happened. Many well

known writers have given the definitions of History. Each one gives a different shade

and information we get all the information regarding history. This also gives us the

feeling how vast is the spread of history and throws the light on history. History is not

only the account of the days gone by but this is account of the evolution made by the

humans. This is how we get to understand how the picture of history undergone the

changes.33 This book was useful in the research.

* Mr. B.B. Sawant and Mr. T.D. Salunke have written a book on Aitihasik Kagadpatre

Va Sthale'. There are 10 chapters in the book. Chapter 2 has the Definition of History

and Process of history writing. This process is the part of Science of History Writing.

There are certain things which a history writer has to go through and they are described

here. The writer has to go through different stages and he has to be cautious while

writing. This is nothing but history writing. The process of history writing goes through

many a treatments like selection of papers, their arrangement and explanation of these

papers and evaluation. These four stages mean the process of history writing. Chapter

9 describes the localized history. The localized history is very much a part of National

history. Whatever happens in World history or National History we need to examine the

important happenings then it is easier to write the localized history. In localized history

the persons, episodes and places has a great importance. Geographical situation,

Social situation, Cultural Situation, Financial situation and Political situation are taken in

to consideration, examine them and then make the notes of how this all affects the

human lives.34 This book was useful for the research.

* Mr. Jaysingrao Pawar has written a book; 'Amchya Itihasacha Shodh Ani Bodh'. This

book has 9 chapters. 7th chapter has underlined the importance of local history. Every

village and surroundings has a history which leads to the formation of local history. This

is a part of Regional History. This in turn forms a foundation for the history of nation. If

you want to show the National History in a correct perspective then you need to look in

to the history of many different places and put that up for the world. In a leading country

like U.S.A; history of not only the region but even the history of small and not so small

colleges is also researched and then preserved in a museum so that it is available for

the world. In U.S.A. and U.K. the local history is considered as the most important part

of the national history. Local History has achieved lot of importance these days.35 This

book was useful for the research.

* Uttam Pathare and Lahu Gaikwad have written a book; ‘Junnar Tehsil: Sthanik

Itihaslekhan'. There are 5 chapters in the book. 1st and 2nd chapters discuss Local

History Writing and its tools. History is a far reaching subject. For the convenience of

study, history is divided in to various types. Based on different times it is divided in to

Ancient, Medieval and Modern history. History is also divided in different parts based on

the places like, World History, National History, Regional History and Local History.

Every part of the social structure has a role to play in building up of history. Local and

regional history shapes up the National History. Local history can be related to may be a

village, a city, Tehsil, district or Region. Historical, geographical, Social, financial,

Religious, cultural, political and administrative parts are to be considered while writing

the local history. From this with help of proofs a well written history takes place.36 This

book was useful in the research.

* Y.N. Mirikar has written a book; ‘Ahmednagar Shaharacha Itihas’. There are 13

chapters in the book. The 1st chapter contains the history of Ahamednagar. After

'Bahamani Empire' went down, Nizam rule came in to being. Ahamad Nizamshah

founded the city of Ahamednagar in 1490 which was made in to the Capital City. This

state in famous in history as Nizamshai from Ahamednagar. Many Hindus were

Ministers and some of them were the honourable members of the Darbar. Mughals

defeated Nizam and Ahamednagar merged with the Mughal Empire. 2nd chapter tells

us how the city of Ahamednagar was laid down. The city had big roads, big and

beautiful buildings, fountains at each cross road, a land fort close by and ordinary

people staying around the city, all this is accounted for in the book.37 This book was

useful for the research.

* Madhukar Dhawalikar has written a book; 'Maharashtraachi Kulkatha.' There are 7

chapters in the book. In the 3rd chapter he has given information on Primitive Farmers.

Around 4000 to 4500 years back, farmers from Maharashtra and Karnataka were

happily living. 2500 BC, from the Basin of Tapi River from Sindhu Culture these people

came down to Maharashtra. They formed their colonies in the basin of river Pravara in

the place called as Daymabad, Tehsil Shrirampur and Dist. Ahamednagar. Very fertile

soil along the banks of Pravara, plenty of water and better atmosphere are the reasons

why these people came here. Daymabad colony was discovered in the year1959. As in

the year1970 some ancient artefacts were found by the roots of a tree so ASI did dug

up the area and they found the mud pots pieces from Sindhu Culture. Daymabad is a

prehistoric city of Maharashtra. This is spread over an area of 30 Hectors and this

happens to be the biggest prehistoric sight in Maharashtra.38 This book is very useful in

research.

* Mr. Raosaheb Shinde has written a book; ‘Bhawlelya Prastawana'. There are 11

chapters in the book. 5th chapter tells us the story of Mr. Annashabe Shinde who was

the person responsible for Green Revolution and White Revolution in Shrirampur Tehsil,

how he went around making people change their outlook towards Agriculture, Water

and Cooperative movement. What he did has a historical importance. Mr. Vikhe Patil

and Dr. Dhananjay Gadgil started for the first time a sugar factory on co-operative

principals which was owned by the farmers. They also did a very successful job of

running the factory. This was the foundation for the co-operative movement in

Maharashtra. Cooperative Agricultural Societies, Cooperative sales and purchase unit

and cooperative milk society from Maharashtra is also analyzed. Farmers from

Shrirampur Tehsil became financially sound with help of these societies. Many leaders

started the Educational Societies and helped the growth in this sector in the Tehsil.39

This book is very useful for the research.

* Mr. Sham Shirsath and Mr. Bhagwansing Bainade have written a book on ‘Bhartatil

Sthanik Swarajya Sanstha'. There are 11 chapters in the book. The 4th chapter reflects

the Panchayat governance. In India, Panchayat Raj started in 1960 and from there

decentralization of Democracy took place. Two types of local governance came in to

being, Urban Governing Body and Rural Governing body. Urban Local Governing body

includes Municipal Corporation, Municipality and Nagar Panchayat. Rural Local

Governing Body includes, Zillah Parishad, Panchayat Samity and Grampanchayat.

Panchayat Samity is mediator between Zillah Parishad and Grampanchayat. Panchayat

Samity is under the control of Zillah Parishad. Through Panchayat Samity many works

are done like; Educational, Health, Construction and connectivity, Social Welfare,

Agriculture and related to Milk production. The Central Government and/or State

Government make the arrangements for the funds through Zillah Parishad. In order to

make it sure that these funds are utilized in a proper way a Government Officer is

appointed to oversee the transactions. Similarly for Municipalities an officer in appointed

by the government.40 This book was very useful for the research.

* Mr. Sandip Patil has written a book; ‘Itihas Shikshan Ek Adhunik Drushtikon’. There

are 10 chapters in the book. In the 1st chapter he has explained meaning of history,

looks, reach, changing concepts of history, science of history: an Art form, tools of

history, philosophy of history and importance history in human life. He has defined

philosophy of history as the put look towards history. What all happened in history, there

is a correlation. There is a definite method to the happenings in history. Human learn

something from history. Historian always tries to find the rational from whatever has

happened in history. After studying in depth he concludes about the objective and

importance. All this is responsible for the formation of Philosophy of History.

Functionalism, Idealism and naturalism are the things which are covered under the

Philosophy of History and are discussed. One needs to study history with help of proofs

and has to take in to consideration the correlation. This is how your orientation turns

towards research. You become strong mentally and philosophically. You need to study

any episode from all the angles and should not stick only one of the.41 This book was

very useful in research.

* Mr. Arun Sadhu has written a book; 'Sahakar Dhureen'. There are 21 chapters in the

book and in 20th chapter he has discussed Mr. Vitthalrao Vikhe who always had a

desire for spreading education and was always logical. The students from rural region

should get world-class education. Mr. Vitthalrao Vikhe Patil always respected Rayat

Shikshan Sanstha and hence first school of Rayat Shikshan Sanstha was started at

Pravaranagar. To become a good farmer, one must have education. There was a team

of workers who had this desire about the rural education. The children of farmers should

learn is what Mr. Vikhe Patil always insisted and this is why Pravara Shikshan Sanstha

was established in Shrirampur Tehsil.42 This book was useful for the research.

* Mr. Janardan Waghamare has written a book; ‘Aajche Shikshan: Swapna Ani

Wastaw'. There are 11 chapters in the book and in the 1st chapter he has taken a detail

look at the New Educational Policies. He has made it clear that education is an

investment and government has to think seriously about the education revolution. In this

chapter itself he has made s statement that professional eructation is a must and by the

end of 20th century 25% professional education should be inculcated in the process of

education and a firm decision should be taken in this regard. In chapter 9, he has given

a complete account of Rayat Shikshan Sanstha which was established by Karmaveer

Bhaurao Patil. One has to be self reliant as far as education is concern and also one

has to establish equality. He has also suggested that students should be able to stand

on their own feet. For this they have acquire the necessary qualification. This was the

philosophy of Karmaveer Bhaurao Patil and the writer has taken an account of this. He

has also discussed about the problems faced by the government in Educational

Policy.43 This book was useful while studying the situation in the field of education in

Shrirampur Tehsil.

* Suman Oak has written a book; Shaikshanik Tantradyan. There are 13 chapters in the

book and in the 1st chapter she has clearly stated the concept of Education

Technology. She has also clarified about today's situation in the educational field and

problems it is facing. Similarly, she has also discussed about the possible utility of

Education Technology. In chapter 7 she has given information on audio and visual tools,

there types and the utility in education.44 While studying educational field from

Shrirampur Tehsil, this book was useful.

* Mr. Santosh Dastane has written book; Apala Maharashtra 2007. There 18 chapters

in the book. He has discussed Agricultural development in chapter 6. Agricultural

production and capacity, live stock from Maharashtra and then flooding with Milk was

the project introduced. He has discussed in detail about this. Business of agriculture,

sales outlet for the produce, Market Yards and the functioning of the market yards, the

rates of the produce and policy for its development is also discussed. In chapter 8, while

discussing cooperation he has given the meaning of cooperative movement, the

progress of cooperative movement and cooperative sugar factories are also discussed.

Secondary and primary education, higher education and technical education is also

discussed and has given detail information. At the same time, new educational policies,

central schools are also informed in details. Central schools with new policies, night

schools and Navoday Schools are also discussed in detail. He has also given

information about the foot soldiers in education field is also discussed.45 This book was

useful while discussing education situation is Shrirampur Tehsil.

* Mr. Vijay Kavimandan has written a book; Krushi Arthshastra. There are 12 chapters

in the book. 1st chapter contains discussions on the role of agriculture in rural

development, and agriculture and business. 7th chapter has agricultural production,

distribution and agriculture market discussion. He has pointed out to the lacuna in the

distribution methods and also the suggestions to improve distribution. At the same

times, controlled Markets, proper arrangements to store the agricultural produce and

agriculture business is also discussed. In chapter 10 there is a detail discussion on farm

workers and has thrown light on the poor state these workers are in and reasons for

such a scene. He has given many suggestions for Rural unemployment .He has also

suggested that the government should come up with a concrete plan for farm workers.46

This book is useful for research.

* Shanta Pandit and Leela Patil have written a book: Krushi Arthshastrachi Multatwe.

There are 14 chapters in the book. In chapter 2 they have discussed the place of

Agriculture sector in Economic Development. Wit reference to India, they have stated

the reasons for why the agricultural sector is less productive. Chapter 9 contains the

discussions on stabilization of rates of agricultural produce. Fluctuations in the rates of

agricultural products and its effects are also discussed. In chapter 10 contains the

discussions on sales-purchase of agricultural produce. Primary market is essential for

the sales of agriculture produce are also stated. The problems and overall situation in

the transactions of agricultural produce is discussed as well. Cooperative societies who

are leading the sales/purchase of agricultural produce as analyzed.47This book is useful

in research.

* S.M. Desai and Nirmal Bhalerao have written a book: Krushi Arthshastra Ani Bhartatil

Sheti Vyawsay. There are 19 chapters in the book. Chapter 2 contains a discussion on

Agriculture business in India. In Indian economy the importance of agriculture is

mentioned clearly. Some related fields like Milk, fruits, fish farming are discussed in

detail. Use of fertilizers, improved seeds and agricultural equipments are also

discussed. Chapter 13 has a discussion on the arrangements for the sales of agriculture

produce. They have also suggested the improvements in sales arrangements for the

produce. Chapter 15 has the clear statement about the rates of about the rates of the

produce and also the reasons for the fluctuations are given.48 There should be a

minimum support price fixed and how the produce will get the right price is also

discussed.

* Kishor Gavhane and Sukdev Shinde have written a book; Maharashtratil Samaj

Sudharnecha Itihas. There are 10 chapters. In 6the chapter they have mentioned the

achievements of Karmaveer Bhaurao Patil. He opened the doors for the Bahujan Samaj

and made them education approachable. This was a revolutionary effort on the part of

Karmaveer Bhaurao Patil. Efforts, self reliance and equality were the principals with

which he transformed the lives of rural region. The guideline laid down by Kramaveer

bhaurao Patil not only helped Maharashtra but also India to transform the thinking about

education. In this chapter he has given a complete account of Rayat Shikshan Sanstha

which has made a huge contribution in Primary, Secondary, Higher Secondary and

Higher Education.49 This book was useful when discussing the educational situation

from Shrirampur Tehsil.

* K.S.Bhivasankar has written a book, ‘Maharashtra Shasan Ani Rajkaran’. There are

six chapters and in 4th chapter has discussion on the contribution of Local Governing

bodies and cooperative societies in politics. The establishing the local governing bodies

and the growth they have mentioned the working of the Governing Bodies. Formation of

Nagarpalika, Selection Process of Nagarpalika and working of different committees.

How much control State Government has over Nagarpalika is made clear. Local

Governing body means Grampanchayat. The powers given to the Gramsabha,

Sarpanch and his deputy are also made clear. Panchayat Samity at Tehsil Level, its

formation and qualification of the members, their tenure, the work load given to the

Sabhapati and his deputy is also mentioned. The officers of Zillah Parishad, President

of Zillah Parishad and his deputy and working of different committees are also

accounted for.50This book is useful to study local governing bodies and comparative

societies.

* Arun Sangolkar has written a book; Nawin Jagatik Samajatil Shikshanache

Vicharprawah. There are 45 chapters in this book. Chapter 2 depicts the Environmental

Education and its importance, its nature of studies; factors and the syllabus of

Environmental studies are discussed. Generalization of education is discussed in

chapter no 7. The difficulties it face, the journey of generalization of primary education,

different government policies for this, he has also suggested some solutions for the

generalization of primary education. He has highlighted the Globalization and education

in chapter no 15. Type of globalization, its advantages and the challenges it has thrown

at education is also discussed. In chapter no 31 he has discussed the correlation

between socialization and education. School is a tool for social development. Blind faith

and improper rituals is to be prevented and students should develop the scientific

approach is what is required. This will give rise to the generation of science based

thinking in a society.51 This book was useful for the research.

* V.S. Rokade has written a book; Vatavrukshachya Chayet. There are 9 chapters in

the book. 4th, 5th and 6th chapter gives us information about different secondary school

from Shrirampur Tehsil which are run by Rayat Shikshan Sanstha. At the same time,

Commerce College, Borawake College and Education College, the development of

these is explained. As the said writer was working with Rayata Shikshan Sanstha, he

could explain in all the details about Rayat Shikshan Sanstha. Karmaveer Bhaurao

Patil's contribution towards education is also explained in detail.52 He has also

discussed about social and cultural things from Shrirampur Tehsil. This book was useful

for the research.

* M.S. Soman has written a book; Samajik Sanshodhanachi Tantre. There are 13

chapters in the book. He has explained the meaning of research in the 1sta chapter.

Chapter 4 contains the details of Research in History. He has made clear about the

importance of study of history and also discussed history and social research. How can

be historical information and tools can utilized in Social Research is explained and at

the same time he has discussed the root cause of social problems. The same chapter

explains how to ascertain the tools and made pointed references. In chapter no 5 he

has explained how to make use of Observation Power. He has also explained the plus

and minus points of observation power and also explained the benefits of undisturbed

observation. What all the care should be taken by the observer while visiting a sight is

also told. In chapter 6 he has explained the importance of questionnaires and its plus

and minus points.53 This book was useful for the research.

* Savita Bhave has written a book; Krushikrantiche Senani Annasaheb Shinde;

Annasaheb Shinde. There are 9 chapters in the book. In the 2nd chapter information is

given about the Green Revolution which took place in India. Since Annasaheb Shinde

belongs to Shrirampur Tehsil, he had very good relationship with farmers from this area.

He himself was a farmer so he knew all the difficulties the farmers used to face. The

book also discussed the improvement in the financial states of farmers with the help of

Green Revolution. In chapter 3, the writer has taken an account of White Revolution.

Many intricacies of Milk business are explained. In Maharashtra milk revolution took

place and Annasaheb Shinde's role is explained. Milk business in Shrirampur Tehsil

made rapid progress, establishing Babhaleshwar Milk Society and its progress is also

discussed in the book. Along with the milk revolution, farmers should indulge in some

other small businesses is also discussed. Both these above chapters reflect the social

and financial situation from Shrirampur Tehsil.54 This book was useful in research.

* V.M. Bachal and Sudhakar Naigaonkar has written a book; Bhartatil Sthanik Shasan.

There are 6 chapters in the book. In2nd chapter the writer has stated the meaning and

importance of Local Governance. In chapter 3, while discussing centralization of

democracy in India he has discussed Panchayat method of governance in detail. He

has made is clear the correlation of formation of Panchayatraj and the factors in this

method. He has also explained the working methods of Zillah Parishad, Tehsil

Panchayat and Grampanchayat. The leadership arising out of Panchayatraj is also

explained. Chapter no 4 there is a discussion of Civic Bodies in India. Formation of

Municipal Corporations and Municipalities, the powers they have and the jobs they need

to do is also discussed in detail and in chapter no 5 he has explained the problems

these civic bodies face. Increasing urbanization is putting a lot of stress on these

bodies. This helps the formation of Slums in the city and he has thrown light on the

problems these slums can create.55This book was useful for the research.

* Mahavir Muley has written a book; Satyshodhak Prbodhankar Ani Karmaveer. There

are 9 chapters in the book. In chapter no 7 he has mentioned in detail the contribution

made by Karmaveer Bhaurao Patil in the Social and Educational Revolution. In the

same chapter he has also given the family tree detail of Karmaveer Bhaurao Patil. Just

like his parents, his wife, Laxmibai has also has a large share in making up of the

personality of Karmaveer Bhaurao Patil. He took along the Harijan students and

established a boarding for them. The hostel had students from all the religions and

casts. He has given an account of how Kramaveer Bhaurao Patil took efforts to

establish the habit of education in Satara District. What all he did to establish Rayat

Shikshan Sanstha in Maharashtra is also explained in this chapter. Rayat Shikshan

Sanstha is the biggest educational institute in Maharashtra and this institute did for the

transformation of Bahujan Samaja is also explained here.56This book was useful for the

research.

* Laxman Shivanekar has written a book; Madhyamik Shikshan Sanrachna Va

Karyapadhati. There are 14 chapters in the book. There is a discussion about

secondary education in chapter no's 2, 3 and 4. Secondary Education Commission,

Indian Education Commission is also discussed. There are plenty of suggestions on

how to co-ordinate secondary education. In chapter no 9 there is a detail discussion on

Zillah Parishad and secondary education. There is a discussion on the duties and

powers of office bearers at the level of Zillah Parishad, Zillah Parishad educational

officers and their deputies, Education Development officers. He has also taken an

account of education Samity's duties at the Tehsil level. Chapter no 11 has the

discussion on the management of secondary schools and while doing so he has taken

the account of Class rooms, rest rooms, labs, library and even the school garden.57 This

book was very useful for the research.

* Dinkar Khabade has written a book about ‘Itihas Ani Itihaskar'. There are 25 chapters

in the book. In chapters 19 to 24 there is an account of Nizam from Hyderabad. This

Nizam was an effective general of Mughals but he gave the Delhi rule to form his own

state at Hyderabad. When Kolhapur and Satara fought, Nizam always took the side of

Kolhapur. At the same time he used to help those who were against Peshawas. This

Nizam tried to for his own state during the English regime. Nizam was defeated and

Hyderabad merged with Independent India.58 This book was useful in the research.

* Leela Patil and Viswambhar Kulkarni have written a book; 'Aajache Shikshan,

Aajachya Samasya'. There are 11 chapters and 1st and 2nd contains the discussion on

Concept of Primary Education, Objectives of Primary Education its growth and methods

of pre-primary education. The progress made by primary education in Maharashtra is

explained and the problems and the solutions are also explained. He has given the

concept of secondary education in chapter 3 and also explained its objective and

progress. He has stated the faults in secondary education system and also suggested

the solutions. Chapter 5 has a discussion on educating the Teachers, its objectives, its

progress, problems and the solutions.59 While taking a look at the situation in the field of

education in Shrirampur Tehsil, this book was very useful for the research.

* Akolkar G.V. has written a book on; Maharashtratil Shikshanachi Watchal. There are

14 chapters in the book. 1st chapter contains the account of progress in education. He

has made clear the responsibilities of the State Government and also discussed many

factors which are favourable the progress in education. Chapter 5 has the discussion of

Teachers Training and Teachers importance. He has made it clear that quality and

ability id the key to successes and underlined the need to have a committee for the

teacher training, its syllabus and characteristics. He has also stated the importance in

job training and also stated the need to restructure the syllabus. In chapter 13 he has

given a detail account of the problems faced by the education sector in Maharashtra

and the government should think very seriously about No Grants system. The

government should make this system simple and they should fix the new formula for the

grants.60 This book was useful while studying the education as such from Shrirampur

Tehsil.

* Meenal Naravane has written a book; Bhartatil Shaikshanik Aayog Va Samitya. There

are 12 chapters in the book. She has taken an account of these Commissions which

were in place before independence in chapter no 4. There is a detail discussion on

Kothari Commission. There is information of how the primary education was speeded

up in Maharashtra by appointing a committee of minimum level of learning. Many other

commissions and committees for secondary and higher secondary education were

formed and they are mentioned in the book. Kothari Commission, National Education

Policy and the recommendations of Kothari Commission is also discussed. Chapter 8

contains detail discussion on Woman Education. Complete account has been taken

about the achievements of National Commission for Women Education in the period

after independence is taken. There are details about the education of Girls from rural

area.61 This book was useful for the findings of girls education from Shrirampur Tehsil.

* G.V. Akolkar has written a book, ‘Shaikshanik Tatwadnyanachi Rupresha'. There are

20 chapters the book. In chapter 9 there is a discussion on 'Personality of Students'.

Childhood of the students, the type of behaviour of students and their role model is

discussed in this chapter. The upbringing these students has always affects the

educational development is also mentioned. Minds of the students are also affected by

the environment is also explained. Along with parents, teachers also have a role to play

as far as the development of the personalities of the students is also mentioned in

detail. He has also taken in to consideration the code of conduct for the teachers, their

mastery in teaching and role is also discussed. In chapter 19 he has explained the

educational philosophy of Ravindranath Tagore.62 The need of a 'Gurukul' for education,

working and Vidyaniketan arising out of all this is also discussed. This book was useful

for the research.

* G.V. Akolkar and V.V. Sahasrabuddhe have written a book 'Uchcha Madhyamik

Shikshan Swarup Ani Karyawahi'. There are 9 chapters in the book. The objectives of

secondary education and the successes are discussed in chapter no 3. Every person

should get the ability to be a responsible and useful citizen from education and for that

the person should develop the necessary values. This something which is made clear.

He has expressed the need to make higher secondary education a professional one

and informed that different and self reliant curriculum is needed. Half skilled manpower

and the need to have training facility for agricultural and professional curriculum are also

expressed. Chapter no 6 has the discussion on teacher training and professional

guidance. Every teacher should get the professional training. For this in job training and

advice should be available.63 This book was useful for the research.

* H.K. Todmal has written a book; ‘Karmaveer Patil Charitra Ani Karya, Continental

Publications'. There are 23 chapters in the book. Chapter no 10 has a detail discussion

on the formation of Rayat Shikshan Sanstha. Rayat Shikshan Sanstha is a brainchild of

'Satyashodhak Samaj.' He has also stated the objectives of Rayat Shikshan Sanstha.

How this started with the establishment of a Hostel and Satara became the head

quarter is also explained. In chapter no 13 there is detail information on how the wife of

Karmaveer Patil Laxmibai, devoted herself to the working of Karmaveer Patil. Chapter

no 16 tells us that in order to have trained teachers for the Rayat Shikshan Sanstha

they established a Teachers Training College at Satara. This was the private college.64

The teachers trained in this college actually helped Rayat Shikshan Sanstha grow is

also explained. This book was useful for the research.

* Mahesh Aligave and Sandip Patil have written a book; Wedh Shikshanshasratil

Spardha Parikshancha. There are 23 chapters in the book. In chapter no 12 there is a

detail discussion on the globalization of education. They have explained the meaning of

globalization and what benefits it can offer to the field of education. There is a detail

discussion on students should get modern education, students should improve their

attitude of cooperation and students should be successful in today's competitive world.

There is a discussion on the fall out of the globalization in education as well. Chapter no

12 has a discussion on privatization of education. They have also mentioned about the

positive effects of globalization of education as this will help students to get admissions

for many branches. Those qualified can get an assurance of good jobs. You will get the

skilled workforce to run factories and industries. This can also offer chances for

research work. At the same time they have firmly mentioned that private institutions

should get the permission only on certain terms and conditions, the government should

also control the tuition fees and University Grant commission should evaluate these

from time to time, these are just some of the suggestions put up by them.65 This book

was useful for the research.

* Raja Mangalvedhekar has written a book; 'Bhumiputra - Padmashree Viththalrao

Vikhe Patil Yanche Charitra'. There are 4 parts of this book and the 3rd part explains in

detail about the first Cooperative Sugar Factory which was established at Pravaranagar

of Shrirampur Tehsil. This was the first of its kind in Maharashtra. The role played by

Vikhe Patil in starting this is explained in detail. In the 4th chapter of this book there is

detail information about the contribution made by Vikhe Patil in the field of education.

There is detail information about the establishing the Pravara Shikshan Sanstha. How

much contribution education can play in the development of rural region? While taking

the account of Shrirampur Tehsil from Social, Educational and financial perspective,66

this book was useful.

* Digambar Kulkarni has written a book; 'Hyderabad Muktiladhyatil Agnishikha’. There

are 19 chapters in the book. Martyr Vasant Rakhasbuvankar's deeds are explained in

chapter no 7. As per the instructions of Indian Congress many revolutionary activities

were taking place in Hyderabad. Razakars were trying to break these activities. Vasant

Rakashasbhuvankar made fantastic efforts in this fight against Nizam and lost his life. In

chapter 15 he has given complete account of Socialist Janasatta State at Govardhan

from Shrirampur Tehsil. Razakars attacked the state of Govardhan Sarala so as to

capture it. Ramchandra Mahadu Dhandewar was killed while resisting Razakars. These

facts are very important in the history of Shrirampur.67 This book throws light on the

political history of Shrirampur. This book was useful for the research.

* Kunda Bhosale has written a book; Madhyamik Va Uchcha Madhyamik Shikshan

Samasya. There are 10 chapters in the book. 4th chapter has a detail discussion on

Girls Education. The importance of Woman Education and objectives are also

explained. The situation of woman education is properly explained and after considering

the problems some suggestions is also given .There are some plans by the Central as

well as State government and this information is given here. Chapter 6 has the detail

discussion on the education for the disabled. Classification of disabled and importance

of education for them is also discussed. Implementation of the plans for the education of

disabled and getting them in the main stream of education is important and educational

institutions can play a very important role. This explained in detail.68 This book is useful

for the research.

* S.S.Gathal has written a book; 'Bhartiy Itihasatil Striya Anis Tri Jiwan'. There 14

chapters in the book. In 11th chapter, there is an account of the participation of women

in the efforts to liberate Hyderabad. The state of Hyderabad always gave secondary

status to women. The literacy rate of women was always much less. Child Marriage,

Lack of knowledge, Illiteracy, Poverty were the problems but lack of political and social

awareness lead to the fact that women always remained underdeveloped. Under these

circumstances women performed a commendable job in the fight against Nizam and

this entire information is given in the book. Chapter no 14 gives us the information of

women from Independent India. Literature, Music, Dance, Stage and cinema were the

field in which women excelled. In literature and poetry actually where the women

personalities were very effective and this information is given in this book in detail.69This

book was very useful in the research.

* S.S.Gathal has written a book; ‘Itihasachya Shakha' There are 5 chapters in the book.

In the 2nd chapter there is a detail discussion on the process of Archaeology, the new

methods and new equipments are now commonly used. This has speeded up the

discoveries. During excavation the mud pots and its pieces are many times found and

one can assign time for this. You will find similar things at Dayamabad from Shrirampur

Tehsil and details information on this is available in this book. They have unearthed the

human and birds skeletons and from this many inferences are drawn and all the details

are given in this book. Chapter 3 has detail discussion on Museums. If a museum is

built at Daymabad then this will attract tourist, and this is the reality.70 This book is useful

for the research.

* Manoj Aawale has written a book; ‘Panchayat Karya Kayada Yojana' There are 13

chapters in the book. Chapter 2 has a complete information about Grampanchayat, its

structure, Sarpanch and his deputy and their function and the functioning of Gramsevak

is also explained. In chapter 6 has the information about different schemes employed by

Zillah Parishad. This includes health, small irrigation works, live stock and women and

child welfare schemes. Chapter 7 contains information about how the functioning of

Rural Development Mechanism takes place. In chapter 10 describes many welfare

schemes of Maharashtra. This book was especially useful in studying Shrirampur

Tehsil. Through Grampanchayat, Panchayat Samity and Zillah Parishad, how rural

development can be done is well explained in this book.71 This book was useful for the

research.

* Gurunath Nadagonde has written a book; 'Gramin Samajshastra.' There are 22

chapters in the book. In chapter 3 there is explanation about the difference between

Rural and Urban life. From historical point of view, urban life has evolved from rural life

itself as it was rural life which came in to existence first and afterwards the urban life

was developed. In chapter 5 there is a discussion on different types of villages. These

types are formed as per the Geographical Situation. The peculiar thing about villages is

that more often they are fortified. In these modern times since rural development

reached and affected villages, villages are now attached with the cities. In chapter no

18, there is discussion on Cooperation Principal. In India, the successes achieved by

this principal are definitely responsible for the financial development. Chapter no 21 has

thrown light on Panchayat Rajya and rural re-development. In India, transformation in

financial and social life is filled along with the rural life itself and hence one has to

understand the problems of rural life and then find solutions for them. At least this is

expected. Except Law, Peace, Justice and Civil all other governmental work should be

done through local civil bodies is the main principal of Panchayat Raj. Based on this, at

district level Zillah Parishad was formed and at Tehsil level Panchayat Samity formed.72

These local bodies made a significant contribution in rural development. This book is

useful for the research.

* Govind Madgaonkar has written a book; ' Mumbaiche Warnan'. There are 15

chapters in the book and this book is a classical example of local history writing. There

is a complete description of famous city of Mumbai. How Mumbai city was formed,

people from all the religions settled in Mumbai, their different languages, their sense of

dress and the development which took place during the English rule, all this is

accounted for in this book. 1sta chapter tells us the present and former condition of

Mumbai. Mumbai is the most luxurious city in the country and looking at all this many

people left their native place and settled down in Mumbai. This is one of the reasons

why Mumbai is such a crowded place. Broad and clean roads of Mumbai cannot be

found out in any other city of India. Big houses in Mumbai, Huge buildings of Mumbai,

Bungalows and gardens can stun you. The layout of the city, big and long roads, Local

Trains and routes of these trains and their arrangements can stun you as well.73 As this

book belongs to the Local History category this was useful in studying Establishment of

Shrirampur city and its development.

* Rajendra Kumbhar has written a book; Granthalay Ani Mahitishastra Sanshodhan.

There are 17 chapters from the book. 1st chapter has the information of meaning of

research, process and need. What is research is explained in this chapter. Various

stages of research are explained by giving examples. Chapter 3 has the information on

reading material related to research and also explanation of the meaning of this. Before

you take the account of the reading material you should find the same. Taking account

of this means to know if some research had taken place before or not. This accounting

of the material is useful at every stage of your research. This also helps you to

understand which methods need to be used for the research. Anything which informs

you is a reading material. Books, Reference Books, Research Papers, Thesis, are some

of the examples of reading material. Reading material can in handwriting which includes

letters and diaries. One can find any information about the proposed subject for your

research. To find this reading material is a daunting task in itself. It is not necessary for

the researcher to give the entire account of the reading material he/she had used for the

research.74 This book is very useful while taking the account of all the reading material

required for this research.

* Pradeep Agalave has written a book; ' Sanshodhan Padhatishastre Va Tantre'. There

are 28 chapters in the book. There is a discussion on Social Research in chapter

2.There is meaning of Social Research, Definition and characteristics of social research

are given here. The objectives and importance of this are also given. Chapter 9 gives

the outline of research, its meaning, definition and features. In the outline of research,

included factors, objectives, need and different steps are mentioned in detail. Chapter

11 has the discussion of Data Collection.75 This book is useful for the research.

* D.K.Sant has written a book; 'Sanshodhan Padhati Prakriya Antaranga'. There 7

chapters in the book. Chapter 4 has the discussion on the process of research. This

process has three stages. The first stage gives you the details of what one should do in

the preparation of research. The 2nd stage tells you that whatever you have accepted

should be done completely using intellectual and similar things. The 3rd stage includes

all those things which you need to complete your thesis. Researched subject should be

put in proper perspective is the main thing required to do the research. Once you decide

the subject then you need to fund out the proper Title for the thesis. Title should be able

to tell the limitations and reach of the subject. Chapter 6 has the discussion on research

at the university level. It takes a long time for the thesis to be completed for the Ph.D.

This thesis is a valuable research effort and hence they acquire lot of importance.

Research is going on in different subjects. Research at the university level is very

important as the researcher by this time is a highly intelligent and mature.76 This book is

useful for the research.

* Suman Behere has written a book; ‘Samajik Sanshodhan Padhati'. This book has 11

chapters in the book. In chapter 4 there is a discussion on Social research and the use

of historical material. In social research there are sources for Data Collection, one is the

proper papers and second is the departmental information. Papers give lot of

information at a very less cost and it takes very little time. After writing was invented,

humans started writing many things. Many people have this collection of papers. The

incidences which have taken place are noted in written thus making these papers of

historic papers. To ascertain the reliability of these papers these papers are studied

from outside as well as from inside. Analysis of the information takes place with proper

papers. Chapter 6 has the discussion on the techniques of data collection in social

research. Observation is an important technique in data collection for social research.

With a definite goal if you observe then this is formed in to the technique.77 In most of

the social research this technique is used to collect data. This book is useful for the

research.

* R.R. Borude has written a book; ' Sanshodhan Padhatishastra'. There are 12 chapters

in the book. 1st chapter explains the type and characteristics of research. In simple

language search for knowledge in nothing but research. In order to collect the precise

information the proper and scientific analysis is called as research. How to resolve

certain social problems, in which way the social contacts are, the importance of these

facts are understood from the research. Social research not only gives you the

intellectual satisfaction but this can find answers too many problems and this is the most

important thing about this research. Researcher is not a day dreamer but he try and

understand the reality is what he studies by reaching the place himself. While doing

research what are things which are needed to be done, which stages you will have to

cross are the things the related to the Science of Research Methods. Chapter 12 has

given the details of how to write the thesis. The information researcher has collected

that should be analyzed and should reach people and for this a report in prepared and

this is known as the Research Paper.78 This book is useful for the research.

3.3.2 Research thesis:

* Mr. T.S. Ingole has written a Thesis for his Ph.D. This is about advancement of Pune

Zillah Parishad and also about Industrial and Financial advancement in Pune. He has

also written about his studies about Agricultural and other businesses from Pune. He

has accounted Social and Cultural history of Pune District and the he proceeded to

conduct a research in detail about the political transformation of the district.79This thesis

was very useful while studying Shrirampur Tehsil.

* Supriya Kasaliwal has written a thesis for her M.Phil. and the subject was, 'Ashok

Sahakari Bank Ltd, Shrirampur Ek Vishleshnatmak Abhyas'. She has mentioned how

the loan is given to the people from Shrirampur Tehsil, What is the power of expenditure

and how the loans are repaid.80 This thesis is very useful to understand the Cooperative

Movement of Shrirampur.

* Y.N. Kale has written a thesis about the History of Varhaad and he has discussed the

word Varhaad in detail and analyzed the financial condition of the region. As this part of

the sate always lack the rain fall and shortage of water lead to the entire crises. Since

he knows this condition he has mentioned the sorry state of the farmers from the region.

In order to improve the condition of the farmers he has made suggestions to the

Government. At the same time he has taken in to account the social structure of the

region in his thesis.81 This thesis was very useful while studying the financial condition

of the farmers from Shrirampur Tehsil.

* Mr. Anil Kamble has written a thesis under the heading; Analyses of Financial and

Social Conditions of casual labours from Ahamednagar District. This thesis was written

as the preparation his M.Phil. Studies. He has discussed overall life style of the casual

labours. He has also made suggestions so as to improve the quality of their lives. He

has also mentioned that the salary these labours get is much less than the amount of

pains they take to perform their duties and then he goes on to explain how the financial

conditions of the labors.82 While studying the casual labours from Shrirampur Tehsil this

thesis was of great help.

* Mr. Vijay Kharde has done his M.Phil. and has written a thesis which has a heading:

Analytical Study of Nagari Sahakari Bank with special attention to Ahamednagar

District. In this thesis he studies the total financial matters of Shrirampur Tehsil. He has

discussed the financial capacity of farmers, white collared people, businessman,

labours and workers. At the same time he has mention that Nagari Sahakari banks not

only helps the businessman but even a common man is given loans. Then even the

common man also gets power to spend money.83This research was helpful to study the

role played by the banks from Shrirampur Tehsil.

* Mr. K.V. Gavhane has done his Ph.D. and written a thesis titled: Places from

Wakataka’s Marathwada, Places and Ancient Remains; Cultural Studies. He has

analyzed these places and stressed on the cultural studies and even then studies

Marathwada region from historical point of view from ancient times to modern times. He

has given detail information about the pilgrimage centres from Marathawada.84 This was

very useful while studying Social and Religious aspects.

* Mr. Lahu Gaikwad has written a thesis; ' History of Junnar' from ancient times to

modern times’ for his Ph.D. He has studied in detail about the constraints and major

points in writings of localized history. He has mentioned the details of making of Junnar,

how geographical conditions and also mentioned the effects of Industrialization, on the

growth of Junnar. He has also given his suggestions and solutions of the problems of

urbanization.85 This thesis was useful while studying the history of Shrirampur Tehsil.

* Mr. Ravindra Gujar has written a thesis for his M.Phil.; The Problems of Distribution of

Agricultural Produce. He has mentioned in detail about how the Agriculture produce is

sold in Shrirampur Tehsil. He has stressed on the problems of Sugar Cain Farming and

the role played by the sugar factories. He has also given his suggestions of how the

distribution can be done. 86This research helped while studying the problems of the

farmers from Shrirampur Tehsil. This information was very useful while writing the

history of Shrirampur Tehsil.

* Mr. Vilas Gorde has written a thesis for his Ph.D. titled 'History (Localized) of

"Chakan" (Tehsil Khed). From ancient times to modern times period is covered in this.

He has mentioned about some small and neglected things about this history and this

clearly shows that the local history makes you to look at these things with seriousness.87

This thesis has thrown some light on this localized history of the region. This has helped

while discussing the history of Shrirampur Tehsil.

* D. B. Ghotekar; thesis on: Shrirampur District Central Co-Operative Milk Professional

(Ltd), Babhaleshwar, Tehsil Shrirampur, District Ahamednagar, Study of Working

Systems and Problems. He has discussed the Financial Conditions of Farmers, number

of Live Stocks they have, Government rates of Milk, the role played by Central Co-

Operative Milk Professional Society and many other difficulties faced by farmers.88This

research has helped while looking at the history of Shrirampur Tehsil.

* Mr. Dhansingh Jagatap has written a thesis for his Ph.D. Titled: Rise of Urban Centre

from Rural Part of Maharashtra, Study of a place called 'Baramati'. He has utilized the

concept of localized history to write the History of Baramati. He has mentioned many

factors which were responsible for the rise and development of Baramati. He has also

mentioned the importance of Industrialization and then studied other sundry professions

and industries. He has stressed upon how Political Situation can play a decisive role in

the development of a particular place. He has taken in to consideration many other

things responsible for the growth of a city. He has also suggested many things for the

development of a city.89 This thesis was useful while discussing the development of

Shrirampur Tehsil.

* Neeta Jagtap has written a thesis for her Ph.D. titled: Historical Discussions on

Cooperative Movement in India; with special reference to Ahamednagar District of

Maharashtra. She has taken in to account the cooperative movement in Shrirampur

Tehsil of Ahamednagar District. As the first cooperative sugar factory started at

Pravaranagar, a place in Shrirampur Tehsil, the importance of Shrirampur in this aspect

is beyond doubt. The writer has discussed in minute details.90 This was useful in

studying the history of Shrirampur Tehsil.

* Haridas Jadhav has written a thesis for M.Phil. Titled "Saintly Traditions of

Ahamednagar District and accomplishments of saints from 20th century”. He has taken

in to consideration the above aspects and the contributions made by those people who

can be called as Saints. He has discussed in detail the contribution made by

"Mahanubhav Panth" from Shrirampur Tehsil. Chakradhar Swami stayed in Shrirampur

Tehsil and while he was there, what hid did to promote Mahanubhav Panth is also

discussed. 'Domegram' a pilgrimage place in Shrirampur Tehsil where Chakraddhar

Swami did some "Lila" and he has described the same. He has also mentioned at the

same place Mahimbhat wrote the biography of Chakradhar Swami.91 The thesis was

useful while discussing the Social and Religious history of Shrirampur Tehsil.

* Mr. M.G. Tupe did his M.Phil. and wrote a thesis on "Krushi Utpanna Bazaar Samity",

Shrirampur and has provided analytical Study of the same. He has discussed the way

they work, financial transactions and the goods coming in and going out. He has

mentioned the problems faced by farmers and made quite a few suggestions for

Farmers and Krushi Utpanna Bazaar Samity. There is mention and discussion about the

various activities employed by the Samity.92 This thesis was useful while studying the

history of Shrirampur Tehsil.

* Mr. P.S. Narawane has done his M.Phil. and wrote a thesis titled "History of

Pandharpur". Pandharpur with a venerable dainty, Lord Vitthal, which makes

Pandharpur a holy place of Maharashtra, has discussed history of Pandharpur.

Pandharpur is a Tehsil place and one the ancient places of pilgrimage. He has thrown

light on Social, Financial, Religious, Cultural and Political history of Pandharpur. The

transformation of Pandharpur as a pilgrimage centre and the effect it had on the

mindset of the people as analyzed in this thesis.93 This thesis was useful while

discussing the Social, Financial, Religious and Cultural situation.

* Mr. Nana Pawar has done his M.Phil. and discussed analytically about the methods

Loan Distribution in agricultural sector by the Commercial Banks from Ahamednagar

district. He has also discussed about the Board Members of these banks, the share

holders of these banks and given the detail information about them. The commercial

banks have given the loans to farmers but he has discussed how the same loan can be

given with minimum rate of interest and how can the agricultural sector be developed

further, these two factors he has discussed in detail and has also given the

suggestions.94 This thesis was useful while studying the financial situation of farmers

from Shrirampur Tehsil.

* Mr. Abhijeet Gorde has written a thesis title; Krushi Utpanna Bazaar Samity,

Shrirampur, for his M.Phil. He has taken in to account the role played by the Krushi

Utpanna Bazaar Samity while discussing farmers, the agricultural produce from the

Tehsil, Transportation of this produce and the rates given for the produce. After this he

has made several suggestions on how to give maximum returns to the farmers.95 This

thesis was useful while discussing the financial situation of the farmers from Shrirampur

Tehsil.

* Mr. Nanasaaheb Manale did his Ph.D. and wrote a thesis titled: "Historic Ter, District

Osmanabad. ‘Ter' is a historic place and he has discussed Ter from the historic point of

view and mentioned in detail the financial, social, political and educational information.

Ter and few other places from around Ter fought for Independence and special mention

should be made for their fight against Nizam of Hyderabad. He has also given the

names of freedom fighters with full addresses. He has studied Ter from ancient times to

modern times. He has also made few suggestions to the government about the

development of Ter Tehsil.96 This entire research reflects the contribution made by

some villages from Shrirampur Tehsil.

* Mr. B.R. Mhaske has done his Ph.D. and wrote a thesis titled: "History of Dalit

Movement from Western Vidarabha". This is a very well written thesis where in has

mentioned the details of Dalit Movement maintaining a perfect balance. As this is a

draught prone area the financial situation is not so good. He has mentioned that the

Dalits from this area must be given some special facilities. He has also mentioned the

reality as far as Dalits are concern.97 This thesis was useful while talking about the

social situation of Shrirampur Tehsil.

* B.Y. Rajurkar has done his Ph.D. and wrote a thesis titled; "History of Chandrapur

District from the State Of Maharashtra." He has critically analyzed the social situation

from the district. Geographical Situation and Social Structure are the main areas of

discussion. At the same time he has given detail account of Financial Condition,

Businesses and Farming.98 This thesis was useful while talking about the social

situation of Shrirampur Tehsil.

* Mr. Pravin Vikhe has done his M.Phil. and wrote a thesis titled; "Critical Analysis of

Planning Mechanism and Process of Ahamednagar District". He has clearly stated the

outline of District Planning. He has also stated how the same planning at the district

level can be employed at the Tehsil level and how to make it effective.99 He made

suggestion on how to make District Planning more effective.

* Mr. P.A. Sabale did his M.Phil. and wrote a thesis titled; "Management of Medieval

Marthwada". While studying management of Marathwada, he has quoted the history of

medieval times. In spite of Industrial and Financial backwardness of Marthwada, the

region had a rich heritage of Culture. He has also suggested some methods for

development of Marathwada.100 This was useful while studying history of Shrirampur

Tehsil.

* Mr. Natha Mokate has published a research paper on the Contribution Made by

Ambegaon Tehsil towards The Indian independence movement. Ambegaon Tehsil has

a very difficult terrain and dominated by 'Adiwasis' but still the contribution made by this

Tehsil is important. Many people from the region took active part in the independence

movement. These freedom fighters always tried to make people aware of Social,

Political, Educational and financial implications. All this put together, the Tehsil made a

small but significant contribution towards the independence movement and he has done

the methodical study of the same.101 This thesis was useful while studying the

contribution of freedom fighters from Shrirampur Tehsil.

* Mr. C.V. Donglikar has a research paper on Girls Birthrate of Tehsil Shirur Kasar,

District Beed. This paper clearly states that the birth-rate of girls from this Tehsil is

better than other tehsils of the district. He has also given the reasons for this. He has

also noted that this birth-rate can be even better and given few suggestions on this. He

is really optimistic about this.102 This was useful while studying the birth-rate in

Shrirampur Tehsil.

* Mr. Narendra Jadhav has published a research paper on History of Adapted Villages

under Samarth Bharat Abhiyan. This is four sections. Under a scheme one College

adapted one village and then written the history of that village. This is the finest example

of Writing Local History as these villages are very small villages but they have historical

importance. 400 villages are mentioned. This has helped the society to understand the

efforts taken by University of Pune in studying the rural India.103 This was useful in

studying Shrirampur Tehsil.

* Mr. T.B. Rajdev has written a paper on History of Sangamner and this was presented

in All Maharashtra History Conference. This history of Sangamner happens to be one of

the best examples of Localized History. He has mentioned historical information of

Sangamner and the financial, educational and social information is given in detail.104

This was useful while studying Shrirampur city.

* G.H. Barahate has written a thesis for his M.Phil. titled; "Mula Pravara Electric

Cooperative Society Ltd, Shrirampur and he has studied in detail this society. They

supply Electricity on the principals of Cooperative Society and the purchase electricity

from Maharashtra State Electricity Board and then the supply the same to Shrirampur

and Rahuri Tehsil. They have concessional rates for the farmers and they have made it

clear that this way they can help and achieve the financial development of the farmers.

They have also given the suggestions so that the functioning of Mula Pravara Electric

Cooperative Society Ltd.105 This was helpful while studying Pravara Electricity Society.

* Mr. S.T. Kathuriya wrote a thesis for his M.Phil. titled; "Retailers and Consumers

Response to Upcoming Malls". He has studied the response of Retailers and

Customers to the upcoming malls. This study is for Shrirampur city and particular. This

thesis has the study of the total financial transactions of Shrirampur Market and also the

power to spend money from the city. The relationship between Retailers and Customers

is also looked in to in reference to this new Mall Culture.106 This has helped while

studying the Market of Shrirampur city.

* Mr. U.A. Tajane wrote a thesis for his M.Phil. titled; "A Study Of Maharashtra

Industrial Development Corporation." He has studied the MIDC of Ahamednagar in

detail and this stands out as the classical Study if Local History. Apart from noting the

total number of business house from MIDC and their classification, has also mentioned

the financial turnover. Total number of workers, their Unions, their salaries and the type

of work they have is also mentioned in detail.107 He has also made few suggestions to

improve the MIDC working and this thesis was useful while studying MIDC from

Ahamednagar.

* Mr. S.P. Tekawade wrote a thesis for his M.Phil. titled;"A Study of Marketing in

Shrirampur City". He has given complete information about the market in Shrirampur

city. He has also analyzed the textile market as well and also stated that this textile

industry has certain expectations from the town council as they have their own typical

problems. The workers in textile retail shops, their salaries and working hours are also

studied.108 This was useful while studying Shrirampur Tehsil.

* Mr. S.R. Thorwat has written a thesis titled; "Parvati, a Historical Study." This is an

ideal example of how to write history of a particular place. The city around Parvati, city

of Pune is observed minutely. This clearly states the historical importance of Pune city.

During the times of Peshawas, different Peths, big houses and Palaces were

constructed and he has taken in to account the historical values of the same. He has

also stated the problems faced by the city of Pune and how to solve them.109 This was

useful while studying how Shrirampur was developed.

3.3.3 Web Resources: There

are so many web-sites related to Shrirampur Tehsil and Ahmednagar district. Source of

these web-sites are used by the scholar for this doctorate work.110 In the Ahmednagar

district, Pravara and Godawari Rivers are playing very vital role in the life of people.

These two rivers are flowing around the boundaries of this tehsil. The Bhandaradara

Dam is set by the government at alignment of the rivers. It plays the important role for

the well-being of people. When a visit is made to the web-site, the information about

Bhandaradara Dam and its two sub canals is available. Indian railway web gives us the

information about Manamad-Pune railroads, stations along it. The web also gives the

information about geographical conditions of places, weather, crops and many other

things about Shrirampur tehsil. The web are useful to know the educational expansion

of Shrirampur tehsil. Among the education institutional webs, Pravara Education Society

and Rayat Shikshan Sanstha, Satara webs are useful. The archaeological excavation of

Daymabad in to Shrirampur is available on source of the web-sites. With the help of the

web-sites, we get the information about economical, geographical and transportation

conditions in this Shrirampur tehsil as well as the sugar factories, historical and

educational information is also available. The information is verified with help of other

secondary sources and use for the doctoral work by the scholar.

3.4 Limitations of previous Researches:

The study of local history of various places was found in the related researches

reviewed for the present research. Many elements from the previous researches have

been directive for the present research through this research. Researcher could also

perceive the flaws in previous researches through the review. Specifically some of the

distinct limitations of past researches on Shrirampur tehsil came to the notice of

researcher. They are as follows;

1. Not many researches are done regarding Shrirampur tehsil.

2. The previous research regarding Shrirampur tehsil is not done through the historical

research perspective.

3.It is observed that the previous researches on Shrirampur tehsil have emphasized on

a specific dimension of the development ; for instance, review of progress of Shrirampur

Agricultural Produce Market Committee, advancement of Babhaleshwar Milk Federation

in Shrirampur tehsil, etc.

4. There is need of collective and eclectic study of various dimensions like social,

educational, geographical, political, religious, etc, regarding development of Shrirampur

city and tehsil. It is not done till date. That is why its need came into the recognition of

the researcher.

5. Shrirampur tehsil is a geographically prosperous area. But, study of its geographical

and agricultural status is yet to be done.

6. The industrial growth is going on very slowly although Shrirampur tehsil is fulfilled

geographically and physically. There is lack of research in this regard although there is

urgent need and ample space for research in this aspect.

7. Shrirampur city is just like a smaller version of India. Varied religious and cultural

diversity can be found here. It is necessary to study the role and impact of this diversity

on social life as well as the process of development of Shrirampur. But, such attempts

are not made through earlier researches.

8. Cooperative industrial movement of Maharashtra originated from this very region.

Public life in this part transformed through this cooperative industrial movement. But,

gradually this cooperative movement got a decline due to political interference.

Profound study of this aspect is also unattended through preceding researches.

9. Aboriginal farmer Colony of pre-historic period was found at Dayamabad in

Shrirampur tehsil. Want is felt about the study of detailed study regarding this colony

which is unattended through earlier researches.

10. Shrirampur tehsil has given substantial contribution in Indian freedom movement,

Hyderabad liberation movement, Goa liberation movement. Then also there has been

no light thrown in this regard through researches on Shrirampur tehsil. Especially this

region contributed remarkably in Hyderabad liberation movement. Then also research

on it is not done yet. In this way, researcher got understanding of

the flaws and lacunae in preceding researches while approaching the present research.

Review of literature proved to be instrumental right from deciding research problem,

research methodology, techniques, sources till analysis and interpretation. According to

Bhandarkar and Wilkinson, ‘Researcher’s task is to review the available material with an

eye on the possibilities of developing hypotheses from it.’

3.5 Summary: Review of

related literature provided profound and extensive assistance while studying

advancement of Shrirampur tehsil in post independence period. The advancement of

Shrirampur tehsil during the six decades from 1947 to 2007 was to be studied in the

present research while focusing local history. Related research reports, reference books

and various websites were quite vital in this process. Review of previous researches on

local history across different parts showed which facets were studied, which sources

and tools were opted, how the content analysis and interpretation was done. Various

research reports on Ahmednagar district and Shrirampur tehsil also contributed in the

present research. Diverse web resources were also helpful in this research. Therefore

review of related literature proved to be quite useful to the researcher at every stage of

the present research.