REVIEW … Key Concepts

Unit 1 – Interactions and Ecosystems 1.0 Relationships in an Ecosystem Ecosystems are where biotic and abiotic factors interact

Symbiotic relationships include: Commensalism (One benefit – other no effect),

Mutualism (Both benefit), Parasitism (One benefits – one harmed) Basic Needs include: Water, Energy, Food, Exchange of gases, Space (Habitat), Waste

disposal Responsible Environmental Decision-making is made with scientific information and

considers the impact such decisions have on the environment 2.0 Energy Flow Food Webs allow energy (supplied by the Sun) to flow

Matter continuously moves from non-living to living and back to non-living in two cycles:

Water cycle and Carbon Cycle Changes in a food web affect all living things in that ecosystem

3.0 Environmental Monitoring Ecosystems provide all needs for living things

Ecosystems change because of: Human activity, Bio-Invasion, Resource competition,

Predation, Weather 4.0 Sustainability in an Ecosystem Pesticides can be deadly, as they enter and move through an ecosystem

Human actions can impact the local and global communities

Scientific information can help in decision-making, but cannot explain everything

Local environmental problems require input from many sources before a final informed

decision can be made

1.0 Relationships in an Ecosystem Ecosystems are where biotic and abiotic factors interact

Describe the difference between biotic and abiotic parts of an ecosystem ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ Illustrate your schoolyard and identify biotic and abiotic parts of that ecosystem. Indicate the various relationships between the biotic and abiotic parts in your schoolyard (with different colored lines) and a brief description of the relationship. Explain what each of the following is and give three examples to show you understand the difference.

species _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________

Examples: _________________ _________________ _____________

population _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________

Examples: _________________ _________________ _____________

community _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________

Examples: _________________ _________________ _____________

Basic Needs: What are the basic needs of living organisms in order for survival? ____________________________________ ___________________________________ ____________________________________ ___________________________________ ____________________________________ ___________________________________ ____________________________________ ___________________________________ What are some things that you could do without and still have all of your basic needs met? _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ Symbiotic relationships

What is symbiosis? __________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ Commensalism (One benefit – other no effect),

Describe two examples of commensalism _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ Mutualism (Both benefit),

Describe two examples of mutualism _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ Parasitism (One benefits – one harmed)

Describe two examples of parasitism _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________

There are two different types of adaptations: behavioral and structural. Describe each with examples and explain how each type of adaptation enables an organism to survive. Behavioral Adaptations 1. ____________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ 2. ____________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ Structural Adaptations 1. ____________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ 2. ____________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ Responsible Environmental Decision-making is made with scientific information and considers the

impact such decisions have on the environment Explain why the beaver population in Yoho National Park was declining. _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ What is the difference between a ‘dump’ or landfill – and a sanitary landfill? _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________

List the 5 basic garbage ‘solutions’ we have been involved in to clean up our act. ______________________________________ ______________________________________ ______________________________________ ______________________________________ ______________________________________ Describe some unintended consequences for discarding the plastic 6-pack pop/beer can holders in your household garbage. _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ 2.0 Energy Flow Ecosystem Interactions

Describe each of the following consumers compared to each other. Carnivores ___________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ Herbivores ___________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ Omnivores ___________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ Producers can make their own food and supply the matter and energy they need for survival. Illustrate the food-making process of photosynthesis carried out by producers.

Illustrate a word equation for the process of photosynthesis. What are the two reasons that photosynthesis is important? _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ Illustrate a word equation for the process of cellular respiration. What are the two reasons that photosynthesis is important? _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ Describe the interaction/relationship between photosynthesis and cellular respiration. _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ Describe the difference between scavengers and decomposers. _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________

Complete the chart below identifying whether the organism is helpful or harmful and why.

Scavengers Decomposers

Crows

Helpful Harmful

Why ______________________

__________________________

Baker’s yeast

Helpful Harmful

Why ______________________

__________________________

Magpies

Helpful Harmful

Why ______________________

__________________________

Mushroom

Helpful Harmful

Why ______________________

__________________________

Housefly larvae

(maggots)

Helpful Harmful

Why ______________________

__________________________

Ecoli

Helpful Harmful

Why ______________________

__________________________

Wolverines

Helpful Harmful

Why ______________________

__________________________

Ecoli 0157:H7

Helpful Harmful

Why ______________________

__________________________

Food Chains allow energy (supplied by the Sun) to flow

Illustrate an example of a food chain (include arrows showing the flow of energy). Identify the type of organism you are illustrating (eg. producer, primary consumer, secondary consumer, decomposer, etc.)

Illustrate the flow of energy from producer to primary consumer, to secondary consumer, to tertiary consumer, to scavenger, to decomposer. Food Webs allow energy (supplied by the Sun) to flow

Illustrate a Meadow Food Web Changes in a food web affect all living things in that ecosystem

What would happen if the meadow mice were poisoned and became extirpated? _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________

Matter continuously moves from non-living to living and back to non-living in two cycles: Water cycle and Carbon Cycle

What are the three main processes responsible for the Water Cycle?

What activities or organisms add carbon to the Atmosphere? What activities or organisms take carbon out of the atmosphere?

What other substance are cycled in the environment?

_____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________

3.0 Environmental Monitoring Ecosystems provide all needs for living things

How do scientists determine the distribution of organisms in an environment? _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ Ecosystems change because of: human activity, Bio-Invasion, Resource competition,

Predation, Weather Explain the ecosystem changes identified and give an example of organisms that this affects. Bioinvasion _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ Resource Competition _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ Predation _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ Weather _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________

Describe the difference between Primary Succession and Secondary Succession _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ What is a pioneer species and describe the role they play in an environment (their niche)? _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ What is a climax community? _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ 4.0 Sustainability in an Ecosystem Pesticides can be deadly, as they enter and move through an ecosystem

Explain the ‘unintended consequences’ of the use of the pesticide DDT, in Borneo. _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ Human actions can impact the local and global communities

Why is DDT a banned chemical in North America? _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________

What are the differences between threatened, endangered, extirpated, and extinct? _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ Why are Pemberton potatoes special? _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ Scientific information can help in decision-making, but cannot explain everything

What does COSEWIC stand for and what does it do? _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ Describe one of the successes of COSEWIC _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ Local environmental problems require input from many sources before a final informed

decision can be made Why are there ‘wildlife overpasses and underpasses’ in Banff national Park? _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________

How effective are these wildlife structures (overpasses and underpasses)? _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ How do you determine your ecological footprint? _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ What are some ways you can reduce your ecological footprint? _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ What is meant by sustainable lifestyle? _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________