Review for Test 3

Review

• Birth of Islam– Muhammad– Flees Mecca - Hijra– Qur’an, Hadith, Sunna

• Five Pillars of Islam– There is one god, and

Muhammad is his prophet– Prayer 5 times daily– Fasting, and observance of

Dietary prohibitions– Almsgiving to the poor– If possible, must make a

pilgrimage to Mecca

• The Early Caliphate– Abu Bakr– Umar (Omar)– Ali– Shi’ites (Shi’a)– Sunni

• Umayyad Dynasty– Muawiya– Afghanistan to Spain

Review

• Franks– Pippin I - Pepin the Elder

• Mayor of the Palace

– Charles “The Hammer” Martel • Battle of Tours / Battle of

Poitiers

• East-West Church– Iconoclasm– Caesaropapism

• Pippin III - Pepin the Short– King of the Franks– Pippin Vs. Lombards

• Papal States

• Tang Dynasty– Well-field system– Emperor Xuanzong– Chan (Zen) Buddhism

• Greatest Single Foreign Cultural Force

Review

• Japan– Prince Shotoku– Seventeen Point Constitution– Chinese influence

• Tale of the Genji– World’s first novel– Murasaki Shikibu

• Khmer / Kampuchea– Ankor Wat

• Ghana– Gold Trade

• The Abbasid Caliphate– Rebellion– Abu al-Abbas– Baghdad– Harun al-Rashid– “Golden Age”– Averroës - Philosophy– al-Khwarizmi - Algebra– Avicenna - al-Qanun

Review• The Carolingian Empire

– Charlemagne– Missi Dominici

• “Agents of the Lord King”

– Holy Roman Emperor

• The Carolingian Renaissance– Alcuin – “Caroline minuscule”

• The Venerable Bede– Ecclesiastical History of the

English People– Calendar

• anno Domini – “in the year of our Lord”

• The Slavs - Eastern Europe– West Slavs - Poles,

Czechs, Slovaks, Wends– South Slavs - Serbs,

Croats, Slovenes, Macedonians, and Bosnians

– East Slavs - White Rus (Ukranians, Belorussians), Red Rus (Russians)

Review• Division of the Franks

– Treaty of Verdun

• Invasions– Magyars– Muslims– Vikings

• Kievan Rus– Varangians (Vikings)– Rurik – Circa 860– Cyril and Methodius

• Cyrillic Alphabet

– Vladimir I • Christianity

• The Byzantine Empire– Macedonian Dynasty

• Basil I

• Anglo-Saxons (Early England)– The Danelaw– Alfred the Great

• King of Wessex• King of the Anglo-Saxons

Review

• Central Europe (Early Germany)– Otto I

• Battle of Lechfeld• Holy Roman Emperor

– Holy Roman Empire

• Magyars / Hungarians– Geza– Stephen I

• West Francia (Early France)– Capetian Dynasty

• Hugh Capet

• Abbasid Caliphate– Widening Shiite-Sunni split– Fatimid expansion– Buyid takeover

• Amir Mu'izz al-Dawla

• Song Dynasty– Song Taizu– Innovations

• Printing• Paper Currency• Abacus• Gunpowder

Review

• The Seven Sacraments– Baptism– Confession– Confirmation– Communion– Holy Matrimony– Holy Orders– Anointing of the Sick /

Extreme Unction

• Feudalism / Serfdom– Fief– Serf– Vassal

• Agriculture– Three Field System

• Nobility– Castles– The Knights

• Chivalry• Tournaments

• Medieval Trade– Italian Cities– Flanders

Review

• Education– Bologna – First

University

• Peter Abelard– Sic et Non

• “Scholasticism”• Thomas Aquinas

– Greatest of the Scholastics

– Summa Theologia

• East-West Schism / First Great Schism - 1054– Excommunication– Eastern (Greek) Orthodox– Roman Catholic

• Church Issues and Reform– Pope Gregory VII– Cardinals– Lay Investiture

• Investiture Controversy

Review

• England– Edward “The Confessor”– Harold Godwinson

• Duke of Wessex

– William “The Conquerer”• Duke of Normandy

– Battle of Hastings• October 1066

– The Domesday Book

• Sicily– Roger de Hautville

• The Seljuk Turks– Abbasid Caliphate– Capture of Jerusalem– Byzantine Reaction

• The Crusades Begin– Pope Urban II– Indulgence

• The First Crusade– Only truly successful

Crusade (for Europe)

Review

• Henry II of England– Common law– Jury– Inheritance in France– Thomas Becket -

Archbishop of Canterbury

• Holy Roman Empire– House of Hohenstaufen– Frederick I - “Frederick

Barbarossa”– Roman Law

• The Third Crusade– Saladin– “Crusade of Kings”

• Richard the Lionhearted• Phillip II Augustus• Frederick Barbarossa

• Innocent III– Most Powerful of the

Medieval Popes

• The Fourth Crusade– Sacking of Constantinople

Review

• The Reconquista - “The Reconquest”

• Religious Orders– The Dominicans -

“Preaching Friars”• St. Dominic

– The Franciscans - “Rule of the Little Brothers of Saint Francis”• St. Francis of Assisi

– The “Poor Clares” - Order of Poor Ladies• Clare of Assisi

• Differences with Old Orders– Friars rather than Monks– Stressed apostolic poverty

• mendicant orders

– Friars drew members from small property owners and shopkeeps

• The Battle of Bouvines– Otto IV, Holy Roman Emperor

& John of England– Phillip II of France – Consequences for all three

powers

Review

• Phillip II Augustus of France– Unification

• John of England– Meeting at Runnymede –

1215– Magna Carta

• Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor– Attempts at Unification– Italian Invasion

• Mali– Sundiata Kieta– Mansa Munsa

• Wealth• Islam

• The Mongols– Temujin

– Genghis Kahn– Conquests

– Ogedei• Conquests• Vienna

– Silk Road

Review

• Division of the Mongol Empire– Golden Horde– Il-Khans– Yuan Dynasty

• Kublai Khan• Marco Polo• Invasion of Japan

– Kamikaze

• Phillip IV “The Fair”– Estates-General

• Unam Sanctum

• Assault on the Pope• The Avignon Papacy

– Avignon, France– “The Babylonian Captivity”– 1309-1376

• Edward I “Longshanks”– Wales & Scotland– William Wallace

• Parliament – 1295• Treaties of Paris

Review• Edward III of England• Phillip VI of France• Hundred Years War

– Edwardian War– Caroline War– Lancastrian War

• Battles of HYW:– Battle of Crecy - 1346

• English Longbow

– Battle of Poitiers - 1356• Ransom French King

– Battle of Agincourt• Henry V

– Battle of Orléans• Joan of Arc• Turning Point

• End of the Hundred Years War – 1453

• Legacy - – Cannon– Parliament Statue of 1341– French National Identity

• The Black Death– Bubonic Plague– bacillus Yersinia pestis– Origin

• China• Genoese trading

– Consequences• Inflation• Higher standard of living• Universities

Review

• Great Schism– Papal or Western Schism

• Calls for Reform– Lollards - John Wycliffe– Hussites - Jan Huss

• Conciliarism• Council of Pisa– 1409-1410

• Council of Constance– 1414-1417– Martin V– Jan Huss

• Ottoman Turks– Expansion

• Tamerlane– “Timur the lame”

• Sultan Mehmed II• Fall of Constantinople– May 1453

Possible Short ID / Essay Questions

• Consequences of the Hundred Years War• Consequences of the Black Death• Five Pillars of Islam• Seven Catholic Sacraments• Differences between Eastern and Western Church• Three Field System• Explanation of Feudalism • Differences Between Friars Vs. Monks• Beliefs of Reformers (John Wycliffe of Jan Huss)• Chinese Inventions