Review For Quiz and Final Exam

Mrs. Ashley

Skeletal System:

__________ 20. The condition that affects the skeletal system resulting in reduced bone density and bone mass, often as a result of reduced estrogen levels is _________

A. osteomyelitisB. arthritisC. osteoarthritisD. Osteoporosis

__________ 21. . The bone that forms near the cheeks of the head is calledA. lachrymal boneB. parietal boneC. zygomatic boneD. frontal bone

__________ 22. The adult skeleton has this number of bones• A. 126• B. 206• C. 310• D. 216•

_________ 23. What is the name for the part of the skeleton that is the arms and legs?

A. Appendicular SkeletonB. Perpendicular SkeletonC. Axial SkeletonD. None of the above

_________ 24. The humerus is an example of

A. short boneB. cartilageC. irregular boneD. long bone

________ 25. The ear lobe is an example of

A. Short boneB. CartilageC. irregular boneD. long bone

_________ 26. The fontanels in the baby' s head allows for

A. growth of the brainB. less injuryC. sutures to formD. none of the above

_________ 27. This structure allows the ribs to expand when breathing

A. SternumB. Costal CartilageC. False ribsD. Thoracic vertebrae

_________ 28. This type of fracture is seen most often in sports injuries

A. compound fractureB. spiral fractureC. hinge fractureD. simple fracture

_________ 29. This is where white blood cells are made

A. yellow marrowB. red marrowC. cartilageD. epiphysis

_________ 30. This type of bone is helpful in reducing the overall weight of the skeletal system

A. compact boneB. red marrowC. yellow marrowD. spongy bone

_________ 31. Which of the following is NOT important in bone development

A. weight bearing exerciseB. physical exerciseC. vitamin AD. iron

Digestive System and Diabetes

__________ 1. The purpose of insulin in the body is toA. regulate the amount of food that is used by cells of the bodyB. makes sure that the sugar levels of the blood are at a reasonable levelC. allows the body to uptake glucose from the bloodD. all of the above

_________ 2. The organ that secretes the hormone insulin is

A. gall bladderB. liverC. pancreasD. stomach

• • __________ 3. Type I diabetes is • A. when the body does not produce insulin• B. something that happens late in life• C. when the body does not produce enough insulin• D. when there is insulin resistance

__________ 4. Chemical digestion beginsA. in the stomachB. in the small intestineC. in the liverD. in the mouth

__________ 5. Some enzymes in the stomach

A. need hydrochloric acid to be effective in digestionB. are used to line the stomachC. produce insulinD. none of the answers are correct

__________ 6. Insulin is produced in

A. the liverB. the Islet of LangerhansC. the small intestineD. the stomach

_________ 7. Type II Diabetes can be helped byA. losing weightB. exerciseC. controlling dietD. All of the above

__________ 8. Physical digestion begins in

A. the mouthB. the stomachC. on the plateD. in the small intestine

_________ 9. Absorption of food takes placeA. in the mouthB. in the stomachC. in the small intestineD. in the blood stream

_________ 10. Type II diabetes accounts for A. 5 % of all diabetes casesB. 50% of all diabetes casesC. 70-75% of all diabetes casesD. 90-95% of all diabetes cases

_________ 11. Type II diabetes is characterized by low production of insulin and

A. no insulinB. insulin resistanceC. hypoglycemiaD. cancer

_________ 12. Diabetes can cause damage

A. to small blood vesselsB. to large blood vesselsC. to the heartD. all of the above

_________ 13. The exocrine function of the pancreas is related to A. digestionB. releasing hormonesC. insulin productionD. none of the above

_________ 14. Glucagon

A. digests sugarB. makes the body absorb more sugarC. raises the sugar level in the bodyD. is secreted by the liver

_________ 15. Chronic pancreatitis may be caused by

A. drinking too much waterB. heavy use of alcoholC. mumpsD. none of the above

_________ 16. A test to find out if a patient has diabetes isA. echocardiogramB. T testC. glucose in urineD. EEG

_________ 17. The correct balance of diet for type II diabetes is

A. 50 percent protein; 25 percent fat; 25 percent carbohydrateB 60 percent protein; 25 percent fat; 15 percent carbohydrateC. 10 percent protein; 30 percent fat; 60 percent carbohydrateD. 25 percent protein; 15 percent fat; 60 percent carbohydrate

_________ 18. A symptom of diabetes isA. blurred visionB. frequent urinationC. loss of weightD. all of the above

________ 19. A serious complication of diabetes is loss of limbs such as a foot. The primary cause isA. loss of blood to the legB. an injury that doesn't heal properlyC. broken boneD. none of the above

Short answer: What are three things you can do to help prevent type II diabetes?20 21 22.What is Gestational Diabetes?23-24.

Muscular System

__________ 1. Muscle tissue in the arms that help to allow your arm to move is called _________A. smooth muscle tissueB. cardiac muscle tissueC. neural muscle tissueD. skeletal muscle __________ 2. When using a compound microscope to look at slides it is important to know that images

should first be found with the __________A. course adjustmentB. fine adjustmentC. naked eyeD. mirror__________ 3. One of the functions of the muscular system is

A. for protection and regulation of body temperatureB. for production of white blood cellsC. for releasing of toxinsD. for regulation of salts in the body

__________ 4. When exercising, the cause of a burning sensation in the muscles is caused by A. lactic acid accumulation in the muscleB. a depletion of ATP and creatine phosphate C. lack of enough oxygenD. all of the above__________ 5. This type of muscle is involuntary and has one nucleus per cell

A. skeletalB. smoothC. cardiacD. Epidermal

__________ 6. The nerve cells that stimulate the muscles are called

A. excitorsB. motor neuronsC. extensorsD. stimulating neurons

__________ 7. Precise control of muscle movements, such as the eye are controlled by

A. small motor unitsB. extensive neuronsC. large motor unitsD. none of the above

__________ 8. The term for some motor units that are active is called

A. muscle tensionB. atrophyC. hypertrophyD. muscle tone

__________ 9. When you bend your arm at the elbow so that your wrist is closer to your shoulder, this is

A. rotation around a ball and socket jointB. deflectionC. flexionD. extension

_________ 10. The ability of a muscle to be shorten when enough stimulated is applied is called

A. contractilityB. elasticityC. extensibilityD. sensitivity

_________ 11. This type of muscle tissue appears striated under the microscope and is involuntary

A. skeletal muscleB. Smooth muscleC. Cardiac muscleD. none of the muscle types

_________ 12. Which of the following is not a place of attachment for muscle tissue?

A. tendonsB. cartilageC. other bonesD. connective tissue coverings

_________ 13. What is the movement of a body part toward the midline of the body called?

A. adductionB. AbductionC. rotationD. pronation

_________ 14. What type of exercise increase muscle mass or size?A. isometricB. isotonicC. aerobicD. anaerobic

Short answer:List three of the function of muscles:

15. _________________________________________________________

16. _________________________________________________________

17. _________________________________________________________

What is the purpose in terms of muscle function for the striations of the skeletal muscle?18 _____________________________________________________________________

Microbes and Human Health

__________ 1. Spherical shaped bacteria are calledA. CocciB. SpirilliC. BacilliD. round

__________ 2. This type of organism has no known cure yet and is alive only when it multiplies in the nervous tissue is

A. virusB. bacteriumC. prionD. protozoa

__________ 3. The three forms (shapes) of bacteria are:

A. Cocci, Bacilli, SpirilaB. Virus, Prion, BacteriaC. Specimen, Streptococci, DiplococciD. Inoculated, Incubated, and sequel

__________ 4. Most Bacteria found in the world _________A. are contagious to humansB. are pathogenicC. are not harmfulD. are spirilla__________ 5. Scientists collect data during an experiment in order to _______ A. compare a control group to an experimental groupB. formulate more information in order to design the next experimentC. test the hypothesesD. all of the above __________ 6. Something that is used to heal a patient with a bacterial infection is called

A. antiviral medicationB. antibiotic medicationC. vaccinationD. antifungal medication

__________ 7. This helps the body to fight possible infection by causing the immune system to create antigens to fight off future infections of a specific diseaseA. antibioticB. MRSAC. vaccinationD. sterilization

__________ 8. The experiment with the growth of bacteria on the nutrient agar in

biopaddles shows thatA. Bacteria and fungus are found in large numbers in most placesB. Hand washing is importantC. The bacteria that are present are not able to be seen with the naked eyeD. All of the above

A scientist wants to learn about the effectiveness of a certain antiseptic soap in killing bacteria when used to clean wounds. She exposes biopaddles to common bacteria found in an office, then places a sterile disk soaked in the antiseptic on a central location on the biopaddles. She also places a disk soaked in sterile water on another biopaddle given the same treatment. She observes the growth of bacteria over several weeks, measuring the area around the disks that do not contain any bacterial colonies.

__________ 9. In the experiment above what is the independent variable?

A. The amount of bacterial colony growth around the disksB. The antiseptic being testedC. The control groupD. The experimental group

_________ 10. In the experiment about what is the control group?

A. The biopaddle with the sterile water on the diskB. There is no control group in this experimentC. The biopaddle with the disk with antiseptic on it

_________ 11. Which of the following does not help to stop the spread of disease?A. vaccinationsB. isolation of patients who are contagiousC. proper hand washingD. sharing needles

_________ 12. What is meant by vector transmission of a disease?

A. disease is spread from skin to skin contactB. disease is spread by unprotected sexC. disease is spread when no vaccination is givenD. disease is spread by the bite of an insect or other organism such as a mosquito

_________ 13. Bacteria that are long chains of spheres are called

A. diplococciB. staphylococciC. streptococciD. tetrad

14. Please look at the picture of the organism below. What is a disease that would have these spiral shaped organisms?

• • •

A. Lyme diseaseB. MRSAC. Staph infectionD. AIDS

_________ 15. What is epidemiology?

A. The study of what germs cause disease and how to develop vaccines for themB. The study of how disease spreads through a population and how to stop the spread of that diseaseC. The development of preventions and precautionsD. None of the above

_________ 15. What is epidemiology?A. The study of what germs cause disease and how to develop vaccines for themB. The study of how disease spreads through a population and how to stop the spread of that diseaseC. The development of preventions and precautionsD. None of the above

_______ 16. The correct name for whooping cough is __________A. pertussisB. croupC. COPDD. corya Short answerPlease give the best answers for the questions below. 16-17. What are two ways to stop the spread of HIV/AIDS

18-19. Name two ways in which bacteria are helpful.

a.

b. 20. What is the purpose of having a control group in an

experiment? (The biopaddle that was never opened or exposed in our experiment was the control group.)

Excretory System

________ 1. The Urinary System has the function of ________ A. removing nitrogenous wastesB. regulating the chemical content of the bodyC. releasing urineD. All of the above________ 2. The difference between diffusion and osmosis is _________A. In diffusion, substances move from areas of higher concentration to lesser concentration and in osmosis it is the

oppositeB. In diffusion, substances move from areas of lesser concentration to higher concentration and in osmosis it is the

oppositeC. In diffusion, substances move from areas of higher concentration to lesser concentration without a membrane and is

osmosis it is the same, but with going through a membraneD. In diffusion, substances move from areas of higher concentration to lesser concentration through a membrane, and in

osmosis it is the same, but without going through a membrane

What are the four main excretory organs of the body?3.4.5.6.

7. What is the name of the tube that allows urine to leave the body? _____________________

8. Describe nephrons and their role in excretion 9. What is urea? 10. What are the excretory product s of the respiratory

system?

Diseases of SystemsList two diseases of each of the following systems:Respiratory Digestive Excretory Muscular Skeletal Integumentary (skin) Reproductive Nervous

Circulatory Endocrine (Hormonal system)

Know the major organs for each of the systems

• Circulatory: heart, arteries, veins, capillaries, and blood, plasma

• Digestive: Mouth, salivary glands, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, liver, pancreas, small intestine, large intestine, colon, rectum, anus, gall bladder

• Nervous: brain, nerves, neurons, central nervous system, parietal nervous system; autonomic nervous system; sympathetic nervous division (part of autonomic and is the fight or flight response); parasympathetic nervous division (part of automonic and controls body at rest such as heart beat)

Nervous System

• Peripheral Nervous/Central Nervous– Location

• Autonomic (involuntary) and somatic (voluntary)– Sympathetic Nervous System (Provide energy to

overcome stressful situations)– Parasympathetic Nervous System (System to go back

to natural state)– Enteric Nervous System (works with above 2 or on its

own in intestinal region)

Know the major organs for each of the systems

• Respiratory: mouth, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli, diaphragm, lungs, hemoglobin, red blood cells

• Excretory: kidney, nephrons, glomerulus, urethra, ureter, lung, liver, and skin

• Integumentary: Skin; dermis, epidermis, hair follicle,

• Reproductive: penis, testes, semen, ovaries, fallopian tube, uterus, vagina, cervix, ova

Endocrine System

• Endocrine: pituitary gland, hypothalamus gland, thyroid gland, parathyroid gland, thymus gland, pancreas, adrenal glands, pineal gland, testes, ovaries

• 9 endocrine organs in body• Secret specific hormones which regulate body

functions

Endocrine System

Pineal Gland

The pineal gland is involved in several functions of the body including:

• Secretion of the Hormone Melatonin• Regulation of Endocrine Functions• Conversion of Nervous System Signals to

Endocrine Signals• Causes Feeling of Sleepiness• Influences Sexual Development