Review for Chapter 1,

Section 1 Quiz

Chapter 1Three Worlds Meet

Section 1

Peopling the Americas

I. Peopling the Americas

A. In the last Ice Age, glaciers lowered sea levels and made a land bridge between Asia and Alaska.

The map shows how the First Nations may have come to this continent over twelve thousand years ago. The shaded area; separating Siberia from North America; was a strip of land that appeared during the last Ice Age, and was call Beringia. Some believe people from

Asia came into America via this land bridge.

Map CourtesyAmerican Historical Images On File

Fact On File Inc

B. Early people- spread over North and South America. Most likely hunted large animals, the most prized being a wooly mammoth.

A hairy mammoth bull, right, cow and calf, part of a scene from "Prehistoric Kansas," at Dyche Museum in Kansas City, Mo., in this 1938 file photo. AP file image

C. End of the Ice Age- sea once again covered the land.

- warmer climate

- people hunted, fished, and gathered

D. Some groups continued down into present- day Mexico and South America.

- adaptation to the environment.

E. Farming began in Mexico- maize

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 

Fig. 16. Maize, note resemblance to present day Mexican Indian (Fig. 17.)

Aztec cornbins. A woman stores corn grains in a large ceramic urn; another holds the tamale, still a popular food after 3,000 years.

Yum Kax, Mayan Maize God

F. Development of civilizations-

Result of surplus of food.

G. Complex societies

1. Olmec

2. Maya

3. Aztec

4. Inca

H. Achievements- mining, writing with symbols.

I. North American civilizations1. Hohokam and Anasazi

2. Adena, Hopewell, and Mississippian

Pictured above are cliff dwellings in Canyon de Chelly, Arizona, which were home to the Anasazi Indians.

These elaborate cities of Adobe multistoried buildings were built high in the cliffs for protection against hostile Indian tribes. Included in the villages were circular religious houses, where a deep hole in the floor, the "sipapu," reminded the people that their ancestors had come from within the earth. "Anasazi" means "basket maker", and these Native Americans developed their basket making and farming techniques as early as A.D. 100. Mesa Verde in Colorado was another home of the Anasazi, who are now extinct. It is believed that the PuebloIndians are their descendants.

The Ancient Mound Builders: The Great Serpent Mound-

Two thousand years ago, nomadic hunters began to honor their dead by heaping earth over their remain. In time, mounds became larger and more complex. The mound-building culture of the southern Ohio Hopewell people peaked about A.D.150. The Great Serpent Mound is a quarter-mile-long prehistoric earthwork in southern Ohio. Though there are no known descendants of the tribe who made it, it is believed to have been built with the participation of the entire population and to have been used as a place of worship. For more than one thousand feet, the serpent body with a partly coiled tail extends along the backbone of a ridge, as shown in the engraving above. At the serpent head is an oval embankment with a heap of stones in the center. An audience could have gathered at this spot to watch or participate in a ceremony.

Chapter 1Three Worlds Meet

I. Peopling the AmericasA. In the last Ice Age, glaciers lowered sea levels and made a land bridge between

Asia and Alaska. B. Early people- spread over North and South America. Most likely hunted large

animals, such as the wooly mammoth.C. End of the Ice Age- sea once again covered the land

-warmer climate - people hunted, fished, and gatheredD. Adaptation to the environment.E. Farming began Mexico- maize.F. Development of civilizations.G. Complex societies

1. Olmec2. Maya3. Aztec4. Inca

H. Achievement- mining, writing with symbols.I. North American civilizations

1. Hohokam and Anasazi2. Adena, Hopewell, Mississippian