Review Dynamical systems theory explains change in systems that exchange energy with the surrounding...
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Review • Dynamical systems theory explains change in systems that exchange energy with the surrounding environment • DST explains how behavior changes through self organization – typically no one teaches a child to run… – speed is the catalyst
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Transcript of Review Dynamical systems theory explains change in systems that exchange energy with the surrounding...
Review
• Dynamical systems theory explains change in systems that exchange energy with the surrounding environment
• DST explains how behavior changes through self organization– typically no one teaches a child to run… – speed is the catalyst
Motor Development
Re-conceptualizing Developmental Change in Movement Patterns
Life Span Motor Development
Evolution of a Theory & Research Program
In the beginning...a clinician!
a knowledge of neurodevelopmental theory
a fascination with righting and equilibrium reactions
a love for movement analysis
Neurodevelopmental Theory
development is a process of reflex integration
lower level automatic behavior gives way to higher level volitional control
Spinal Level
Brain stem Level
Midbrain
Motor Ctx
Neurodevelopmental Theory
Progressive Positive Add Abilities End State Oriented
(maturity is the end state)
Neurodevelopmental Theory
CNS = Cause of Change
Biological Theory of Aging...
Regressive Negative Loss of Abilities End state oriented
(end state = death)
Life Span Theory
Development followed by Aging
Milani - Comparetti
Milani Comparetti = my personal Control Variable!
Change of State
Virginia... (1970s)
Wisconsin (1980s)
The Doctoral Experience
Roberton’s Component Model
Developmental Stages of Throwing
Reliability of assigning Stages
Developmental Change within Components of Body Action
Component Model of Development
Upper Limbs Axial Region Lower Limbs
Lawrence & Kuypers
Three descending control systems
medial system – controls axial region lateral system – controls proximal limb
movements in primate studies the lateral system allowed for
differentiated arm movements cortical system – controls distal movements
in primate studies allowed individuated finger movments
Straying into Systems models
Not just one big hierarchy Roberton was studying development in those
systems!
Applying Roberton’s Method
Taking it to a new task From Throwing to Righting
Learning the Research Process
Righting Reactions
Developed during 1st year of life Rolling to prone Up on hands and knees Into sitting Quadruped to kneeling Kneeling to Half Kneel Up to Stand
Righting Reactions
• Movements couple together to assume erect stance
• Foundation for Physical Independence
Righting Reactions
First Rotational movements then Symmetrical
But observations of young adults in PT school revealed all were not using symmetrical form
Studies of Righting
Rising to Standing from the Floor Young Adults
Why Young Adults?
variability in PT students impressive a very few showed symmetrical form when rising
Roberton examined variability to get stages of throwing
Lifespan perspective hypothesis: variation was “developmental”
Sequences
If person is in a stage he/she shows stable behavior characteristic of that stage
If a person is moving from one stage to another shows variable behavior characteristic of those
two neighboring stages
Studies of Righting
Rising to Standing from the Floor Young Adults
Variability continued to be impressive across 10 trialsDescribed action in each of three components of body
action able to identify neighboring stages for each body region
Really out on a Limb
Studies of Righting
Rising to Standing from the Floor Children
Age differences confirmed sequences of movement pattern development identified from adult patterns of variation
Component Model affirmed
