REVIEW: ANTI-ULCER ACTIVITY CONTAINING INDIGENOUS PLANTS ...

www.wjpps.com Vol 9, Issue 7, 2020.

900

Sunirmal et al. World Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences

REVIEW: ANTI-ULCER ACTIVITY CONTAINING INDIGENOUS

PLANTS IN INDIA

Sunirmal Bhattacharjee*1, Dr. Mrinmoy Basak

2, Payel Mukherjee

3 and Arindam

Chakraborty4

1Bharat Pharmaceutical Technology. Agartala, Tripura.

2Assam downtown university, Assam.

3Gurunanak Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, West Bengal.

4Calcutta Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and AHS, West Bengal.

ABSTRACT

Nowadays Ulcer is a common and serious gastrointestinal disorder

seen in many people. Ulceration occurs due to disturbance of the

normal equilibrium of the gastrointestinal tract. Those disturbances can

be caused by regular drug usage, irregular food habit, stress, improper

livelihood. Basically Peptic ulcer is a broad term including ulcers of

digestive tract in the stomach or the duodenum. The formation of

peptic ulcer depends on the presence of acid and peptic activity in

gastric juice plus a breakdown in mucosal defenses. Number of drugs

are introduced for the treatment of the peptic ulcer including Proton

pump inhibitor, H2 receptor antagonist etc. But these drugs are prone to relapses, side effects,

drug interactions and they are a bit costly too. So there is a need to produce a novel molecule

for the treatment. In this search herbal drug can play an important role which offer a better

protection and decreased relapses. So in this review we are going to discuss about several

medicinal plants having antiulcer activity.

KEYWORDS: Peptic Ulcer, Herbal Drugs, Medicinal Plants, Mucosal Defense, Relapse.

INTRODUCTION

Peptic ulcer is basically an inflamed break in the skin or the mucous membrane lining in the

alimentary tract. Ulcers are lesions on the surface of the skin or mucous membrane

characterized by a superficial loss of tissue. Ulcers are most common in the skin of the lower

extremities and in the gastrointestinal tract but they can be occurred in any site. There are so

WORLD JOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES

SJIF Impact Factor 7.632

Volume 9, Issue 7, 900-917 Review Article ISSN 2278 – 4357

Article Received on

25 April 2020,

Revised on 15 May 2020,

Accepted on 05 June 2020

DOI: 10.20959/wjpps20207-16513

*Corresponding Author

Sunirmal Bhattacharjee

Bharat Pharmaceutical

Technology. Agartala,

Tripura.


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many types of ulcers such as mouth ulcer, peptic ulcer, genital ulcers, and esophagus ulcers.

Peptic ulcers are caused by the erosion of the lining of the stomach and duodenum.[1, 2,3,4]

Both stomach and duodenum ulcers are named according to the site of ulceration. Gastric

ulcers mainly occurred in the older age group and the site of ulceration is stomach

characterized by pain. Symptoms arenausea, vomiting, weight loss and eating may increase

the pain. Duodenal ulcers mainly occurred in younger age groups especially in males. It is

characterized by severe pain with burning sensation in the upper abdomen. Paining increases

when the stomach is empty after having food pain reduces gradually. In some cases peptic

ulcers can be life threatening with symptoms like bloody stools, severe abdominal pain,

cramps along with blood vomiting. The pathophysiology of peptic ulcer can be described as

imbalance between offensive (acid, pepsin, Helicobacterpylori) and defensive factors (mucin,

prostaglandin, growth factors, nitric oxide). Peptic ulcers can be caused secondarily by spicy

food and stress but the main or real cause is bacterial infection of Helicobacter pylori and

reaction to various medications especially in NSAIDs. Peptic ulcer is world’s one of the most

major gastrointestinal disorders which affect 10% of the world’s total population. Out of 20;

19 cases of ulcers are the duodenal ulcer. Approx. 15000 people’s death occurred every year

due to gastric ulcer. Annual incidence estimates of peptic ulcer hemorrhage and perforation

when 19.4-57 and 3.8- 14 per 100000 individuals respectively. The average 7 day recurrence

of hemorrhage was 13.9% and the average long-term recurrence of perforation was 12.2%. In

Indian pharmaceutical industry antacids and antiulcer drugs share 6.2 billion rupees and

occupy 4.3% of the market share. Nowadays there are so many medicines to treat the ulcer

but in the whole world so many people approximately 75 to 80% of the people use herbal

medicine. So in this review we are going to discuss about the medicinal plants having

antiulcer activities, their mechanism of actions, and their origins as well.[5-14]

Medicinal plants having antiulcer activities

1. Alliumsativum[14,15]


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Family: Liliaceae

Commonname: Garlic

Cultivation: All over the India

Chemicalconstituents: Acrid volatile oil, starch, mucilage, albumin and sugar. Seeds

havearomatic oil. Juice rich insulphur, iodine and salicylic acid combinations, vitamins

and some other nutrients.

Activeconstituents: Volatile oil, Alliin and Allicin.

Antiulceractivity: For maggots infesting ulcers, garlic can be applied by frying it in

coconut or mustard oil. For washing wound and ulcers garlic can be used with three to

four parts of distilled water.

Recentstudy: To decrease the development of cystamine induced gastric and duodenal

ulcers in rats, juice of garlic can be administered in the dose of 250 to 500 mg/kg.

2. Aloebarbadensis[16,17]


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Family: Liliaceae

Commonname: Aloe vera

Cultivation: All over the India

Chemical constituents: Aloin, Isobarbaloin, And Emodin

Active constituents: Barbalin, Isobarbolin, And Saponins

Antiulcer activity: To heal the chronic ulcers, leaves of aloe vera can be used.

Recent study: To treat the indomethacin induced ulcers, aloe vera can be used by mixing

it with gum acacia in the dose of 200mg/kg.

3. Azadirachtaindica[18-20]

Family: Meliaceae

Common name: Neem

Cultivation: All over the India and in West Bengal


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Chemical constituents: Nimbidin, phenolic compounds, saponin, and flavonoids.

Containing bitter alkaloid named Margosine. Seeds contains about 10–31% of yellow

bitter fixed oil. The oil contains free and volatile fatty acids. The volatile fatty acids

consistofamixtureofstearic andoleic acids with a small amount of lauric acid.

Active constituents: Stearic and palmitic acid isolated from the neembidin.

Antiulcer activity: For unhealthy ulcerations, neem leaves mixed with sesamum seeds.

Recent study: For pylorus ligation and cold restraint stress induced gastric ulcer in rats

neem extracts are very effective.

4. Balsamodendronmukul[21]

Family: Burseraceae

Common name: Gum guggul

Cultivation: Sind, Rajputana, Eastern Bengal, Assam, Mysore.

Chemical constituents: Volatile oil, gum-resin, and bitter principles.


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Antiulcer activity: As the treatment of indolent ulcers gum guggul can be used with lime

juice.

5. Betavulgaris[22]

Family: Chenopodiaceae

Common name: Beetroot

Cultivation: Sea coasts of Meditarian sea , Europe America , in gardens in many parts of

India

Chemical constituents: Betin

Betin

Antiulcer activity: For all kinds of ulcersmdecoction of the root with the little vinegar

can be very useful.


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6. Caricapapaya[23-25]

Family: Caricaceae

Common name: Papaya

Cultivation: All tropical countries and many subtropical regions.

Chemical constituents: Papain, Chymopapain, Pectin, Carposide, Carpaine, Carotenoids,

and Antheraxanthin.

Antiulcer activity: For indolent ulcers, ripe and unripe fruit can be used efficiently.

Recent study: Against ethanol-induced gastric ulcer the extract of papaya can be

administered at the doses of 50 and 100 mg/kg. It protected the gastric mucosa against

ethanol effect. Reduction of the gastric juice volume and gastric acidity can be done via

papaya juice effectively.


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7. Hibiscusrosasinensis[26,27]

Family: Malvaceae

Common name: China rose

Cultivation: China and throughout India

Chemical constituents: Flavonoids, Anthocyanins, Quercetin, Cyanidin, Kaempferol,

And Hydrocitric Acid

Antiulcer activity: For the ulcer treatment many tribes of south India uses the root of this

plant.

Recent study: For the pylorus ligated rats , aqueous and ethanol extracts of the plant can

be used at the doses of 250 and 500 mg/kg

8. Lawsoniaalba[28]


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Family: Lythraceae

Common name: Henna

Cultivation: All Over in India

Chemical constituents: Leaves having colouringmatter Henna dye 12 to 15% Hanno,

tannic acid and olive green raisins soluble in ether and alcohol. Seeds contain oil and also

glucoside.

Antiulcer activities: To cure wounds and ulcers the leaves of the plant is very useful.

9. Mangiferaindica[29,30]

Family: Anacardiaceae

Common name: Mango

Cultivation: Throughout the India

Chemical constituents: Alkaloids, Sterols, Saponins, Tannins, And Flavonoids

Activeconstituents: Mangiferin.


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Antiulcer activity: To treat ulcer the leaf extract can be applied with rice bran oil.

Recent study: For gastric acid lesions, flower decoction can be used at the doses of 250,

500, and 1000mg/kg

10. Momordicacharantia[31,32]

Family: Cucurbitaceae

Common name: Bitter gourd

Cultivation: Throughout in India

Chemical constituents: Bitter glucoside soluble in water and insoluble in ether, a yellow

acid, resin, and ash 6%. Fresh vegetable contains 88.75% moisture, albuminoids 1.62%,

soluble carbohydrates 85.41%, woody fiber 1.51%, and ash 8.53%

Active constituents: Flavonoids, saponins, and sterols

Antiulcer activities: For leprous, dust of the plant is used. When mixed with cinnamon,

long pepper, rice, and chaulmugra oil it forms a good ointment in malignant ulcers.

Recent study: For pylorus ligation, aspirin, and stress induced ulcer in rats aqueous and

ethanol extract of the plant is very beneicial.


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11. Ocimumsanctum[33-35]

Family: Lamiaceae

Common name: Holy Basil or Tulsi

Cultivation: Throughout the India

Chemical constituents: Alkaloids, Tannins, Saponins, Flavonoids, And Sterols

Active constituent: Fixed oileugenol

Antiulcer activity: Commonly used for the intestinal disorders

Recent study: Aspirin, indomethacin induced ulceration can be reduced via

administering the fixed oil of the plant at the doses of 1,2,3 mL/kg


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12. Oryzasativa[36,37]

Family: Gramineae

Common name: Rice paddy

Cultivation: Throughout India, China, Burma, Japan

Chemical constituents: Starchy grain , fat , protein , mineral matter

Antiulcer activity: For the treatment of gastric and duodenal ulcer, rice water would be

very beneficial with a pinch of salt and lemon.

Recent study: For swimming stress induced and pylorus ligation induced ulcer in rats

extract of the plant can be administered at the dose of 1mL/day for 4 days.

13. Plantagoispagula[38]


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Family: Plantaginaceae

Common name: Spogel seeds.

Cultivation: North West India; Punjab Sindh and Bengal, Mysore

Chemical constituents: Mucilage, fixed fatty oil, and albuminousmatter

Antiulcer activity: For gastritis, gastric, and duodenal ulcers decoction of the plant is

used.

14. Shorearobusta[39,40]

Family: Dipterocarpaceae

Common name: Saltree

Cultivation: Sab Himalayan region and the forests of West Bengal

Chemical constituents: Ursolic acid, tri and tetrehydroxyursenoic acid, Asiatic acid

alpha and beta amyrin, and mangiferonic acid uvaol

Active constituents: Ursolic acid and amyrin


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Antiulcer activities: For foetid ulcers S. robusta with Cinnabar , Mastiche ,

Calamusdracoand Ghee is beneficial.

Recent study: For ethanoland pylorus ligation induced gastric ulcer extract of the plant

can be administered at the doses of 150 and 300 mg/kg.

15. Tamarindusindica[41,42]

Family: Caesalpiniaceae

Common name: Tarmarind

Cultivation: Throughout India and Burma

Chemical constituents: Tartaric acid 5%, citric acid 4%, malic and acetic acids, tartaric

of potassium 8%, invert sugar 25–40%, gum, and pectin. Seeds containingalbuminoids,

fat, carbohydrates 63.22%, fibre, and ash contains phosphorus and nitrogen. Fruit having

traces ofoxalic acid.

Active constituents: Tannins

Antiulcer activity: For indolent ulcers decoction of the leaves are used.

Recent study: To reduce thetotal volume of gastricjuice andtotalacidity of gastric

secretion in pylorus ligation induced ulcer the methanolic extract of the seed coat can be

used at the doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg.

CONCLUSION

From this study we can say that the medicinal plants have a very vital role against various

diseases. They can play an important role in any kind of diseases especially in antiulcer

activity. It has so many effects on the antiulcer activity in animal models. It can reduces the


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gastric volume of the animals and reduce the pain as well due to ulceration. Various

experiments has proved that it has effects on rats. So this study has a huge scope in future to

treat the ulcer with the medicinal plants. These plants are very easily available, less toxic and

the cost of these plants are very low so that we can use it very easily for any drug delivery

system to treat ulcer.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The author Acknowledge the support of Bharat Pharmaceutical Technology, Amtali,

Agartala, West Tripura-799130 for providing infrastructural and technological facilities to

carry out this review work.

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