CAUSES OF THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION The Industrial Revolution.
Results of the Industrial Revolution… ECONOMIC, POLITICAL, SOCIAL.
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Transcript of Results of the Industrial Revolution… ECONOMIC, POLITICAL, SOCIAL.
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Results of the Industrial Revolution…
ECONOMIC, POLITICAL, SOCIAL
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ECONOMIC results:
Factory system
Mass production
Higher standards of living
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Modern Capitalism: (Adam Smith, Wealth of Nations)
◦Basic Principles:
◦“Laissez-Faire” Government/Economic Principles
◦Private Ownership / Private Property
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◦Free Enterprise/Entrepreneurship
◦Profit Motive
◦Competition
◦A ‘Free Market’ Economy based on Supply/Demand
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Economic Results (continued)
Rise of the Corporation, Big Business, and the Stock Market
Government Regulation of Industries
Economic Interdependence of Nations: (Global Economy / World Trade)
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Economic Competition among Nations: (Markets/Raw Materials = Imperialism)
Labor Problems/bad working conditions…
◦Unions / Collective Bargaining / Picket / Strike
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POLITICAL Results:
Growth of Democracy / Suffrage rights (vocab)◦ Rise of Middle and “Working” Class
Informed Citizenry:◦ Mass Media / Improved Communications
Growth of Nationalism
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Launched the Age of Imperialism…◦Raw Materials / Markets/Competition
The Industrialized Nations became the world leaders by 1900:◦Great Britain◦U.S.A.◦Germany◦Japan
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SOCIAL Results:
A “Dynamic” Society…
Increase in World Population
Growth of Cities
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Improved status of women
Higher living standards
Stimulus for Education
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Humanitarianism / Philanthropy:◦Abolition of Slavery (1807- Britain,
1808- USA)◦Missionary Services◦International Red Cross◦Public Education◦Philanthropists: Nobel, Rhodes,
Carnegie, Rockefeller, Ford
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19th Century developments in Science…(see charts/overheads)
MEDICAL- cures/eradication of smallpox, yellow fever/malaria, germ theory, antiseptics, x-rays, psychology/psychiatry…
GEOLOGY
BIOLOGY/Botany/Cell Theory
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GENETICS/Heredity
Theory of Evolution- Charles Darwin
Natural Selection/”Survival of the Fittest”
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“Social Darwinism”-know/understand! (vocab)
Also: Chemistry/Physics/Atomic Theory, Electricity…
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Problems of Labor/Industrialization
Labor discontent- low wages/long hours
Child Labor- (ages 5+)
Dangerous/unsafe working conditions
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Workers lose jobs to machines- (technological unemployment)
People began to relocate in search of work: Emigration/Immigration (vocab)
These conditions will lead to REFORM movements…
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Reform movements…
Labor UNIONS…
Collective bargaining
Picket/Strike/Boycott
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“Industrial Warfare”…
(Workers vs. Employers)
Proletariat vs. Bourgeoisie)
All of this is according to Karl MARX…
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Governments began to abandon ‘Laissez-Faire’ in Labor- related matters…
This will be called SOCIAL Legislation
Begins in England with the…
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Factory Act of 1833
Mines Act of 1842
Then things like Social Security laws…
Eventually Spreads to Germany, France, and eventually the US…
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Movements to Displace Capitalism:
SOCIALISM/COMMUNISM (Marxism):
Socialists sought to reform society through government/economic changes…
Robert Owen/Utopian Socialism (impractical-too idealistic/didn’t work)
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Then: Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels write the Communist Manifesto in 1848…
Called for a ‘working class’ Revolution…
“Workers of the World Unite!”See charts/handouts/overheads…(time
permitting)
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Marxism/Socialism/Communism
Marx envisioned a ‘classless’ society based upon his principles of Communism…
Marxist ideas/principles: (see chart/overhead)
Remember:
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Socialism can be achieved democratically, or peacefully- at the ballot box…This is called ‘Democratic Socialism’
However, Communism can ONLY be achieved through Revolution/VIOLENCE!
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Thus: the “Radical Left” = Communism, or Totalitarianism…
Ex: Russian Revolution/USSR
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Marx believed Socialism/Communism was inevitable and that Capitalism would eventually self-destruct…
However, he was WRONG!
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Capitalism would change/improve over time and incorporate many changes brought about by the Labor movement and governments who passed Social Legislation
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So…Capitalism would become even better and stronger!