Results from a Brassica Variety Trial in MN and MIJohn Durling, USDA-NRCS Rose Lake PMC

Miriam Gieske, Univ. of Minn.Victoria Ackroyd, Michigan State Univ.

Extension

John Durling, USDA-NRCS Rose Lake PMC

LOCATIONS

**

University of Minnesota

St. Paul, MNWell-drained silt loam

USDA-NRCS Rose Lake Plant Materials Center

East Lansing, MIPoorly-drained loamy

sand

PREVIOUS CROP & CULTURAL PRACTICES

Soybean green manure OatsSoybeans mowed August

2010Grain harvested August 2010

Soybeans (50-60 lbs/acre N) incorporated with tillage

Straw and 30 lbs/acre N incorporated with tillage

FIELD PLOT DESIGN & MANAGEMENT

Randomized complete block with 4 replicates19 or 20 accessions of Raphanus sativus and

Brassica spp.Planted 17 August 2010 Planted 13 August 2010

Oilseed and tillage radish @ 10 lbs/acreMustard @ 8 lbs/acre

Rapeseed @ 5 lbs/acreForage turnip @ 2 lbs/acre

Hand weeding 7 days after planting

Herbicide to manage volunteer oats

No irrigation Irrigation

University of Minnesota

Photo by Miriam Gieske, Univ. of Minn.

Rose Lake (MI)

Photo by Sergio Perez, Rose Lake PMC

DATA COLLECTIONCanopy cover and flowering at 1-2 week intervals

late August through mid-NovemberTwo 0.25 m2 subsamples One 2 ft2 subsampleBiomass and % nitrogen

mid-Octoberat 64 days after planting

Biomass and % nitrogen mid-October

at 60 days after plantingOther plant growth parameters for crop models

Victoria Ackroyd, Michigan State Univ. Extension

% Cover (MN)

*GDD calculated using base 50˚F, no cutoff. Data points correspond to 17, 30, 45, 59, and 76 days after planting.

0

20

40

60

80

100

382 498 591 704 730

% C

over

Accumulated Growing Degree Days (GDD)

Groundhog

Pacific Gold

Pasja

32630 Yr Avg. GDD 496 699629 738

% Cover (MI)

*GDD calculated using base 50˚F, no cutoff. Data points correspond to 14, 28, 45, 60, 75, and 89 days after planting.

0

20

40

60

80

100

290 515 693 782 857 865

% C

over

Accumulated Growing Degree Days (GDD)

Groundhog

Pacific Gold

Pasja

2668 Yr Avg. GDD 476 810771675 841

% Cover October 25

Planted September 29Planted September 13

Planted August 16 Planted August 30

Photos by Miriam Gieske, Univ. of Minn.

Roots, Roots, and More Roots:Pasja turnip, MN, Oct. 16

Worm castings

Groundhog radish, MN, Oct. 16

Groundhog radish, MN, Oct. 30

Photos by Miriam Gieske, Univ. of Minn.

OSR Daikon Nema CommonOSR Driller

Photo by Victoria Ackroyd, MSUE Photo by Victoria

Ackroyd, MSUE

Radishes

Forage Turnip Pasja Rapeseed Dwarf Essex

Forage Turnip and Rapeseed

Photo by Victoria Ackroyd, MSUE

Photo by Victoria Ackroyd, MSUE

Miriam Gieske, Univ. of Minn.

Biomass by Species

Shoot—MN Shoot—MI

Root

Shoot and total biomass were greater in MN than in MI.

Radish had greater root biomass and root:shoot ratio than the other species.

Average total biomass ranged from 1.7 to 3.1 tons per acre.

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Minnesota

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Biomass of Radish Varieties

Shoot—MN Shoot—MI

Root

Radish varieties did not differ significantly in shoot or total biomass.

Driller radish had a higher root biomass and root:shoot ratio than the other varieties in MN but not in MI.

Total radish biomass ranged from 1.6 to 2.2 tons/acre in MI and 2 to 3.2 tons/acre in MN.

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OSR Defender

Photo by Victoria Ackroyd, MSUE

Photo by Victoria Ackroyd, MSUE

OSR Defender

What You See, What You Get

Root:Shoot Ratios – No Surprise

Photo by Victoria Ackroyd, MSUE

OSR Groundhog

Mustard Pacific Gold

Photo by Victoria Ackroyd, MSUE

Nitrogen Accumulation by Species

• Brassicas accumulated 95-145 lbs/acre N.

• Most of the N was in the shoots.

• In MI, turnips accumulated significantly more N than mustards.

Shoot—MN Shoot—MI

Root

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Michigan

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Victoria Ackroyd, Michigan State Univ. Extension

Flowering and Pollinators (MI)

Photo by John Durling, Rose Lake PMC

November 10, 2010

Flowering and Seed Set (MN)• Brown mustard, Ida Gold

and Pacific Gold had green seed pods Nov. 8.

• Nema Common Daikon and Midwood Daikon had a few plants with flowers or green seed pods.

• The rapeseed, turnips, and most of the “named” radishes (e.g. Driller, Groundhog) did not bloom.

Flowering and Seed Set (MI)

• Most of the named radishes did not flower; neither did the turnips and rapeseed.

• All of the mustards flowered, as did Daikon VNS, Daikon Nema Common, and Midwood Daikon.

Photo by Victoria Ackroyd, MSUE

Hardiness and Winter Kill

OSR Daikon Nema Common

Photo by Victoria Ackroyd, MSUE

Nov. 10, 2010

• Brassicas will generally tolerate light frosts, and are hardy to at least 28˚ F.

• There have been reports of oilseed radish overwintering under snow cover.

• Hardiness is another component of this study which we will continue investigating this spring.

Photo by John Durling, Rose Lake PMC

Whole Field View, Winter 2010-2011

Thanks to…• Dave Burgdorf, John Durling, Elaine Gerona, Jerry

Grigar, Bill Kuenstler, John Leif, and Sergio Pérez of USDA-NRCS

• Don Wyse, Bev Durgan, Doug Miller, Brad Kinkaid, Kevin Betts, Joshua Larson, JackelineVerra, João Benevides, and Miriam Gieske of the Univ. of Minn

• Dale Mutch, Dean Baas, Todd Martin, Tim Dietz, Victoria Ackroyd, Paul Gross, and Christina Curellof Michigan State Univ. and MSU Extension

• Funding sources including Project GREEEN and the Great Lakes Regional Water Program

Nov. 5, 2010

Photo by Victoria Ackroyd, MSUE

Pacific Gold mustard (left) and MidwoodDaikon.

Thank you. Questions?

Results from a Brassica Variety Trial in MN and MIJohn Durling, USDA-NRCS Rose Lake PMCLOCATIONSSlide Number 4Slide Number 5University of MinnesotaRose Lake (MI)Slide Number 8Victoria Ackroyd, Michigan State Univ. Extension% Cover (MN)% Cover (MI)% Cover October 25Roots, Roots, and More Roots:Slide Number 14Forage Turnip PasjaMiriam Gieske, Univ. of Minn.Biomass by SpeciesBiomass of Radish VarietiesSlide Number 19Root:Shoot Ratios – No SurpriseNitrogen Accumulation by SpeciesVictoria Ackroyd, Michigan State Univ. ExtensionFlowering and Pollinators (MI)Flowering and Seed Set (MN)Flowering and Seed Set (MI)Hardiness and Winter KillThanks to…Slide Number 28