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Basic Principles of Injury CareBasic Principles of Injury Care

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Protect during immediate care

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• Emergency SplintingEmergency Splinting– Splint all suspected fracture before moving the athlete or body partSplint all suspected fracture before moving the athlete or body part

– Use proper immobilization to decrease risk ofUse proper immobilization to decrease risk of

• Secondary tissue damage Secondary tissue damage

• Hemorrhage Hemorrhage

• Potential for death (if handled improperly)Potential for death (if handled improperly)

– Splint the fracture where the athlete lies Splint the fracture where the athlete lies

– Avoid moving the athlete before splintingAvoid moving the athlete before splinting

– Splint one joint above and one joint below the fractureSplint one joint above and one joint below the fracture

– Assess neurovascular status before and after splintingAssess neurovascular status before and after splinting

– Monitor vital signsMonitor vital signs

– Rapid form immobilizerRapid form immobilizer

– Air splintsAir splints

• Clear plastic splint inflated with air around affected partClear plastic splint inflated with air around affected part

• Do not use with fracture deformityDo not use with fracture deformity

• Provides moderate pressure and can be x-rayed throughProvides moderate pressure and can be x-rayed through

– Cardboard splintsCardboard splints

– Lower Limb SplintingLower Limb Splinting

• Foot and ankle require splinting of foot and kneeFoot and ankle require splinting of foot and knee

• Knee, thigh, or hip require splinting of whole leg and one side of trunkKnee, thigh, or hip require splinting of whole leg and one side of trunk

– Upper Limb SplintingUpper Limb Splinting

• Shoulder splinting is difficult Shoulder splinting is difficult

– Use sling and swathe with upper limb bound to bodyUse sling and swathe with upper limb bound to body

• Upper arm and elbow Upper arm and elbow

– Splint with arm straight to lessen bone overrideSplint with arm straight to lessen bone override

• Lower arm and wrist Lower arm and wrist

– splint in position of forearm flexion and support with slingsplint in position of forearm flexion and support with sling

• Hand and finger Hand and finger

• splint with tongue depressors, roller gauze and/or aluminum splintssplint with tongue depressors, roller gauze and/or aluminum splints

Rest

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IcePProtectrotect

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Compression

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12-21

Elevation

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Support for Rehabilitation and PlayPProtectrotect

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Use of Crutches or CanesUse of Crutches or Canes

• When lower extremity weight bearing is contraindicated When lower extremity weight bearing is contraindicated

• Faulty mechanics or improper fitting can result in additional injury or fallsFaulty mechanics or improper fitting can result in additional injury or falls

• Fitting athleteFitting athlete

– Athlete should stand with good posture, in flat soled shoesAthlete should stand with good posture, in flat soled shoes

– Crutches should be placed Crutches should be placed

• 6” from outer margin of shoe 6” from outer margin of shoe

• 2” in front of shoe2” in front of shoe

– Crutch base should fall 1” below anterior fold of axilla (2 - 3 fingers)Crutch base should fall 1” below anterior fold of axilla (2 - 3 fingers)

– Hand brace should be positioned to place elbow at 30º of flexionHand brace should be positioned to place elbow at 30º of flexion

– Cane measurement should be taken from height of greater trochanterCane measurement should be taken from height of greater trochanter

Moving and Transporting Injured AthletesMoving and Transporting Injured Athletes

• Must be executed with techniques that will not result in additional injuryMust be executed with techniques that will not result in additional injury

• No excuse for poor handling No excuse for poor handling

• Planning is necessary and practice is essential Planning is necessary and practice is essential

• Additional equipment may be requiredAdditional equipment may be required

Emergency Action PlanEmergency Action Plan

• Prearanged plan that can be implemented at a moments noticePrearanged plan that can be implemented at a moments notice

• Know where there is phone access to call EMS (911) ahead of timeKnow where there is phone access to call EMS (911) ahead of time