RESPONSES & ADAPTATIONS. LEARNING OBJECTIVES KNOW THE DEFINITION OF A RESPONSE & ADAPTATION...
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Transcript of RESPONSES & ADAPTATIONS. LEARNING OBJECTIVES KNOW THE DEFINITION OF A RESPONSE & ADAPTATION...
LEARNING OBJECTIVESKNOW THE DEFINITION OF A RESPONSE &
ADAPTATIONUNDERSTAND HOW EXERCISE AFFECTS
THE MUSCULO-SKELETAL SYSTEMBE ABLE TO EXPLAIN THE RESPONSES &
ADAPTATIONS OF THE MUSCULO-SKELETAL SYSTEM
The Anatomy (Structure) Of The Skeleton
The skeleton can be split into 2 sections
Section 1
The Axial Skeleton
Section 2
The Appendicular Skeleton
Joint Mobility, - types of joint
There are 3 types of joint
Fibrous JointsAllow no movement
Bones are joined by strong fibrous sutras
e.g. the bones that make up the cranium
Cartilaginous Joints.Allow a small amount of movement.
Bones are joined by a pad of cartilage that will absorb shock.
e.g. the bones within the vertebral column
Synovial JointsAllow an extensive range of movement
Different designs allow different types of movement
e.g. the elbow
JOINTSHOW MANY DIFFERENT SYNOVIAL JOINTS CAN
YOU NAME?CAN YOU GIVE AN EXAMPLE OF EACH?
ANSWER:BALL & SOCKET – SHOULDER / HIPHINGE – ELBOW / KNEE / ANKLECONDYLOID – WRISTGLIDING – CARPALSPIVOT – ATLAS & AXIS (NECK)SADDLE - THUMB
Muscle Fibre Types
Contract slowly Contract quicker Contract quickest
Are moderately powerful
Are quite powerful Are very powerful
Are small Are bigger Are the biggest
Have lots of mitochondria
Have fewer mitochondria
Have very few mitochondria
High myoglobin content
Moderate myoglobin content
Low myoglobin content
Resistant to fatigue Moderately resistent to fatigue
Easily fatigued
High capillary density High capillary density Low capillary density
High aerobic capacity / low anaerobic capacity
Relatively high aerobic & anaerobic capacity.
Low aerobic capacity / high anaerobic capacity
Low muscle energy stores e.g. ATP, PC & muscle glycogen.
higher muscle energy stores e.g. ATP, PC & muscle glycogen.
The highest muscle energy stores e.g. ATP, PC & muscle glycogen.
Slow Twitch Fast Twitch IIa Fast Twitch IIb
Responses (fibre recruitment, force production and metabolism)
What is a response?Ans; Short term temporary change.
Responses occur to facilitate an ease of function.i.e. exercise generates heat, heat encourages
increased synovial fluid = increased ROM
3 fibre typesIntensity level determines the fibre recruitment
type.
Effects of Exercise – Responses and adaptations of the body systems
Muscular-skeletal system
RESPONSES1. RANGE OF MOTION – HEAT 2. FLEXIBILITY – MUSCLE TEMPERATURE3. RECRUITMENT4. FORCE PRODUCTION5. METABOLISM
Adaptations (Increased fibre size, increased force production, increased metabolic energy supply.)
What is an adaptation?Ans; A long term, permanent change to the environment.Adaptations are dependent upon the
environment and so they will differ dependent upon the environment, i.e. anaerobic training will produce different adaptations to aerobic training.
Characteristics of the fibre types will be enhanced with appropriate training.
Effects of Exercise – Responses and adaptations of the body systems
Muscular-skeletal system
ADAPTATIONS1. BONE DENSITY – WEIGHT BEARING
EXERCISE2. SPECIFIC FIBRE ADAPTATIONS3. PAGE 52 – TABLE 3.1