Respiratory Systems

Function of Respiratory Systems

• Oxygen supply to each cell of the body

• Excrete co2 from body

• Maintain PH of the blood

• Also contribute state of consciousness, awareness and attention

Two type of respiration

• Internal respiration – Gases exchange between blood and tissue

• External respiration – Gases exchange between blood and environment

Body parts of Respiratory systems

Nasal cavity – nasal mucosa act as air filter

PHARYNX

Passage that seprat esophagus and larynx

LARYNX

Epiglottis prevent foot to entering into air passage

Vocal cord

Trachea

Primary Bronchi

Divide in to right and left

Secondary Bronchi

Tertiary Bronchi

Bronchioles

Alveoli

Regulation of Respiratory system • Respiratory center in mid brain ( Pons and

Medulla

Medulla Oblongata

• Primary respiratory control center

• Send signals to respiratory muscles to contract

• Two regions

• A) Ventral respiratory group – expiratory movement

• B) Dorsal respiratory group – inspiratory movement

• Also control reflexes- coughing, sneezing, swelling and vomiting etc

The Pons

• It control speed of respiration by two center

• Apnestic Pnuemotaxic

Long and deep Inhibit respiration respiration

Voluntary respiration

• From Cerebral cortex ( Motor cortex)

• Control respiration through ascending respiratory pathway

Voluntary respiration

• Emotional and stressful situation Hypothalamus take over the respiratory signals and increase the respiratory rate to facilitate the fight and flight situations .

Chemoreceptor

• Chemical sensors in the body

• In respiration central chemoreceptor's are useful.

• That are placed in medulla oblongata.

• If CO2 increased in blood causes decreased in PH

• Normal PH of blood is 7.35

RESPIRATORY VOLUME

• Tidal volume ( TV) – It is the amount of air that can be inhale or exhale during one respiratory cycle.

• Inspiratory reserve volume( IRV) –It is the amount of air that can be forcibly inhale after the normal tidal volume.

• Expiratory reserve ( ER)- It is the amount of air that can be forcibly exhale after exhalation of normal tidal volume.

• Residual volume(R V) – It is the volume of air remaining in the lungs after maximum exhalation. 1 litr

Importance of Pranayam

• Recycle residual volume

• Increased functional residual capacity

• Increased total lung capacity

• Meditation

• Emotional effects

Effects of asana

• Effects of back bending , twisting on lung capacity( increase AP and vertical diameter)

• Effect of forward bend on lungs function

Increase chest diameter(AP) maximum time maximum benefits

Increase chest diameter(vertical and transverse)

maximum time maximum benefits