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Respiratory System 呼吸系统

Transcript of Respiratory System - scu.edu.cnccftp.scu.edu.cn:8090/Download/uploadfile/... · 2013. 6. 26. ·...

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Respiratory System

呼吸系统

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消化系统(digestive system)

呼吸系统(respiratory system)

泌尿系统(urinary system)

生殖系统(reproductive system)

内脏总论(INTRODUCTION TO VISCERA)

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管状器官(Tubiform Organ)

实质性器官(Parenchymatous Organ)

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胸部标志线 (Guard Lines of Thorax)

▪ 前正中线(anterior median line)

▪ 胸骨线(sternal line)

▪ 锁骨中线(midclavicular line)

▪ 腋中线(midaxillary line)

▪ 肩胛线(scapular line)

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呼吸系统(Respiratory System)

鼻(nose)

呼吸道 (respiratory tract)

肺 (lung)

咽(pharynx)

喉(larynx)

气管(trachea)

支气管(bronchus)

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鼻(The Nose)

▪ 外鼻(external nose)

▪ 鼻中隔(nasal septum)

▪ 鼻腔(nasal cavity)

鼻后孔(choana)

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鼻中隔(Nasal Septum)

▪ 鼻中隔软骨(septal cartilage)

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▪ 筛骨垂直板(choana)

▪ 犁骨(vomer)

▪ 鼻嵴(nasal crest)

▪ 鼻中隔软骨(septal cartilage)

▪ 筛骨(cribriform bone)

▪ 上颌骨(maxilla)

▪ 下鼻甲(inferior concha)

▪ 颚骨(palatine bone cartilage)

▪ 蝶骨(sphenoid bone)

▪ 鼻骨(nasal bone)

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筛骨 (ethmoid bone)

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鼻腔(Nasal Cavity)

▪ 鼻前庭(nasal vestibule)

▪ 固有鼻腔(nasal cavity proper)

Kisselbach’s Area

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鼻腔(Nasal Cavity)

▪ 嗅区(olfactory area) ▪ 蝶筛隐窝

(sphenoethmoidal recess)

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嗅区及蝶筛隐窝 (Olfactory Area &

Sphenoethmoidal Recess)

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鼻旁窦(Paranasal Sinuses)

▪ 额窦(frontal sinus) —— 中鼻道

▪ 上颌窦(maxillary siuns) —— 中鼻道

▪ 蝶窦(sphenoidal sinus) —— 蝶筛隐窝

▪ 筛窦(ethmoidal sinus) —— 中鼻道,上鼻道

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上颌窦 (Maxillary Sinus)

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鼻道及鼻旁窦 (Nasal Meatus Paranasal Sinus)

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咽(Pharynx)

▪ 鼻咽(nasopharynx)

▪ 口咽(oropharynx)

▪ 喉咽(laryngopharynx)

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喉(The Larynx)

▪ 位置(location) ▪ 喉软骨(laryngeal cartilages)

▪ 关节和肌(joints & muscles) ▪ 功能(functions)

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喉软骨(Laryngeal Cartilages)

▪ 甲状软骨(thyroid cartilage) ▪ 会厌软骨(epiglottic cartilage)

▪ 环状软骨(cricoid cartilage) ▪ 杓状软骨(arytenoid cartilages)

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喉软骨连结 (Connections of Laryngeal Cartilages)

▪ 甲状舌骨膜(membrana thyrohyoidea)

▪ 方形膜(membrana quadrangularis)

▪ 弹性圆锥(conus elasticus)

环甲膜 (Cricothyroid Membrane)

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前庭韧带及前庭襞 (Vestibular Ligament & Fold)

声韧带及声襞 (Vocal Ligament & Fold)

声门裂 (Rima Golttidis)

前庭裂 (Rima Vestibuli)

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喉关节及运动 (Laryngeal Joints & their Movements)

环甲关节(Cricothyroid Joints)

环杓关节(Crico-arytenoid Joints)

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喉肌及喉关节运动 (Laryngeal Muscles & Movements of Laryngeal Joints)

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喉肌(Laryngeal Muscles)

▪ 喉内肌(internal laryngeal muscle)

▪ 喉外肌(external laryngeal muscle)

声带肌(Vocalis Muscle)

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The Rima Vestibuli & Glottidis under Different Status Joints

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喉前庭/声门上腔 (Laryngeal Vestibule / Superaglottic cavity)

喉室 (Laryngeal Ventricle)

声门下腔 (Infraglottic cavity)

喉腔(Internal Laryngeal Cavity)

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气管和主支气管(Trachea & Principal Bronchi)

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肺(The Lung)

▪ 1尖(apex) ▪ 3面(surface) ▪ 1底(base) ▪ 3缘(borders)

▪ 水平裂(horizontal fissure) ▪ 斜裂(oblique fissure)

心切迹及肺小舌 (Cardiac Notch & Lingula)

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肺门和肺根 (The Hilum & Root of Lung)

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支气管树(Bronchial Tree )

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支气管肺段(Bronchopulmonary Segments)

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胸膜及胸膜腔(Pleura & Pleural Cavity)

▪ 脏胸膜(visceral pleura)

▪ 壁胸膜(parietal pleural)

- 肋胸膜(costal pleura) - 膈胸膜(diaphragmatic pleura)

- 纵隔胸膜(mediastinal pleura) - 胸膜顶(cupula of pleura)

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胸膜及其发育 (Pleura & Its Development)

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呼吸运动 (Movements of Respiration)

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胸膜腔隐窝(Recesses of Pleural Cavity)

▪ 胸膜顶(costomediastinal recess)

▪ 肋膈隐窝(costodiaphragmatic recess)

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肺和胸膜的表面解剖 (Surface Anatomy of the Lung & Pleura)

锁骨中线 腋中线 肩胛线

肺 第6肋 第8肋 第10肋

胸膜腔 第8肋 第10肋 第11肋

下界 相交线

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纵隔(The Mediastinum)

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纵隔的划分(The Division of Mediastinum)

▪ 上纵隔(superior mediastinum)

▪ 下纵隔(inferior mediastinum) - 前、中、后纵隔 (anterior, middle & posterior mediastinum)

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纵隔侧面观 (The Lateral Views of Mediastinum)