Respiratory System Notes -...
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Respiratory System Notes
February 4, 2013
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Respiratory System
Functions:
1. Brings oxygen (O2) into the body from the environment
2. Removes waste gases (CO2 and H2O) from the body
Breathing!!!
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Respiration = Breathing
• Breathing: bringing oxygen into the body and removing CO2 and H2O
• Respiration: The breaking down of glucose molecules inside of cells using oxygen to produce energy (also called cellular respiration)
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Upper Respiratory Tract
• Nose
• Nasal Cavity
• Mouth
• Pharynx (Throat)
• Larynx (Voice Box)
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Lower Respiratory Tract• Trachea (windpipe)• Bronchi • Lungs• -Bronchioles• -Alveoli
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Lungs
• Major organs of the respiratory system
Inside the lungs:
• Alveoli: small sacs surrounded by capillaries (small blood vessels)
• Site of gas exchange
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Gas Exchange
• In the alveoli the oxygen (O2) from the inhaled air passes into the blood, and carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O) leave the blood and enter the alveoli
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Gas Exchange
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Pleura and Diaphragm
• Pleura: layer of epithelial tissue that covers the outside of the lungs
• Diaphragm: the muscle below the lungs that helps you breathe
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Breathing: How its Done
• Inhalation (breathing in): diaphragm contracts, increasing the volume in the chest cavity, which lowers the air pressure; the higher air pressure outside the body forces air into the lungs
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Breathing: How its Done
• Exhalation (breathing out): diaphragm relaxes, decreasing the volume in the chest cavity, which raises the air pressure; the higher air pressure inside the body forces air out of the lungs
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Why do we breathe?• We breathe so that we can get oxygen into our
cells
Why do our cells need oxygen?Cells use oxygen in a process called cellular
respiration
Cellular Respiration:
Food + Oxygen = Energy (ATP) + CO2
CO2 is produced as a waste product in cellular respiration...it is removed from the body through the lungs!
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Why is it dangerous to hold your breath too long?
• Holding your breath stops oxygen from getting to the cells in all of your organs (especially your brain cells).
• This stops the cells from producing enough energy to survive, which kills the cells!