RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

HEALTHY LUNG VS. SMOKERS LUNG

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yskYG-EVlBY

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yIURbmJZxIg

UPPER RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

• Internal Nares- Allows air to enter the nose and pass through into the nasal cavity

UPPER RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

• Nasopharynx- upper most part of the pharynx; passage way for air

UPPER RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

• Eustachian Tubes- links pharynx to middle ear; pressure equalization, mucus drainage

UPPER RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

• Hard Palate- roof of the mouth; speech production

UPPER RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

• Soft Palate- does not contain bone

• located at the back of the mouth

• speech production, separates nasal cavity and oral cavity when swallowing

UPPER RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

• Palatine Tonsil- left and right side of the back of the throat; provides defense against pathogens

UPPER RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

• Oropharynx- below soft palate and below epiglottis; passage way for air and food

UPPER RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

• Epiglottis- flap structure that allows air to enter the trachea

UPPER RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

• Glottis- slit of the epiglottis, space between vocal chords; adds buzzing quality to speech

Glottis

UPPER RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

• Vocal Folds• Production of

sounds used for speech• Regulate flow of air

into lungs

UPPER RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

• Laryngopharynx- lower part of pharynx; passage of air and food

UPPER RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

• Trachea- ciliated mucus membrane; filters air and traps particles

UPPER RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

• Nasal Conchae• Increase Surface

area for filtration of air• Warms and

moistens air

UPPER RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

• Nasal Vestibule• Beginning of nasal

passage• Hair helps to capture

large particles

UPPER RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

• Oral Cavity- mouth• Lining of the mouth

and saliva glands aid provide lubrication• Aids in speech,

swallowing, and digestion of food

UPPER RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

• Tongue- aids in speech and in swallowing to cover up epiglottis when you swallow

UPPER RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

• Thyroid Cartilage- Adam’s Apple• Protection and

support for the vocal folds

UPPER RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

• Cricoid Cartilage• Connection for ligaments, cartilage, and muscles• Facilitates opening and shutting of air passage• Production of sound

LOWER RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

• Larynx• Between the

pharynx and trachea• Houses the vocal

folds• A passageway for

air moving in and out of the trachea

LOWER RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

• Parietal Pleura• Lines the inner wall

of the chest• Covers the

diaphragm • Lubrication- serous

fluid

LOWER RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

• Visceral Pleura• Membrane on the

lung• Easy movement of

lungs within chest wall

LOWER RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

• Alveolar Sac• Cluster of alveoli

located at the end of each alveolar duct• Contain alveoli

LOWER RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

• Alveolar Duct• Connects

bronchioles to alveolar sacs

LOWER RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

• Alveolus• Site of gas

exchange with blood• Secrete Surfactant

LOWER RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

• Diaphragm• Muscle that

separates thoracic cavity from abdominal cavity• Performs an

important function in respiration

LOWER RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

• Tracheal Cartilage• Shape and support

trachea• Ring Shaped- 16 to

20

LOWER RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

• Apex of Lung• Rounded upper portion of the lung

LOWER RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

• Mediastinum• Divides thoracic

cavity into two pleural cavities

LOWER RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

• Left Primary Bronchus• Main passageway

into the lungs

LOWER RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

• Lower Terminal Bronchioles• End of the

conduction zone • Transitions to the

respiratory zone

LOWER RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

• Conduction Zone• Nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi,

bronchioles, and terminal bronchioles

• Respiratory Zone• Site of gas exchange; CO2 and O2

LOWER RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

• Carina• Bottom of trachea;

splits into primary bronchus• Mucus membrane

is sensitive and triggers cough reflex

LOWER RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

• Secondary Bronchi (120)• Branches off of the

primary bronchi

• Tertiary Bronchi (121)• Branches off of the

tertiary bronchi• Splits into

bronchioles

RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

1. _____________ provides an opening for air to enter and leave the nasal cavity.

2. List the three ways in which the upper respiratory system filters the air before it reaches the lungs.

3. Describe the function of the epiglottis.

4. The _____________ are the primary site for gas exchange.

5. Explain the difference between the conduction zone and the respiratory zone.

6. Describe the function of the diaphragm.