RESPIRATORY EMERGENCIES An Introduction Nose/mouth – pharynx/oropharynx – Larynx – Trachea –...
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Transcript of RESPIRATORY EMERGENCIES An Introduction Nose/mouth – pharynx/oropharynx – Larynx – Trachea –...
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RESPIRATORY EMERGENCIES
An Introduction
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Nose/mouth – pharynx/oropharynx – Larynx – Trachea – Bronchi – Bronchioles – Lungs- Alveoli
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The intercostal muscles and the diaphragm contract, increasing the size of the thoracic cavity. The diaphragm moves slightly downward, the ribs move upward/outward and air flows into the lungs
InhalationExhalation is the reverse
ALL IS NORMAL BASED ON………
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• Tidal VolumeThe amount of air moved into or out of the
lungs in a single breathNormal is 500 ml
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• Minute VolumeThe amount of air moved in or out of the lungs
in one minute minus dead spacemV= RR x vT – dead space (150) ml
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• Normal Minute Volume
12bpm x 500 mL – 150 mL/bpm dead space=5850mL/minute
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Rate Rhythm Quality Depth12-20 regular breath adequate
sounds
Skin is warm/pink/dry
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INADEQUATE BREATHING• Respiratory Distress• Respiratory Failure• Respiratory Arrest
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Inadequate Breathing Defined
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Signs of Inadequate Breathing
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• Respiratory Distress
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• Respiratory Failure
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• Respiratory Arrest
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Patient AssessmentRate Rhythm Quality12-20 Regular Depth (minute volume)
NoneToo FastToo Slow
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• Oxygen TherapyNasal CanulaeNon-Rebreather
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Oxygen Therapy (administration)Examples requiring O2 administration:• Respiratory or cardiac arrest• Heart attack • Stroke• Shock• Blood loss• Lung disease• Broken bones• Head injuries
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• HypoxiaDeprivation of adequate supply of oxygen
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Breathing DifficultiesSigns and Symptoms• Shortness of breath• Tightness in the chest• Restlessness • Increased pulse rate• Decreased pulse rate (especially in infants and
children)• Changes in breathing rate/rhythm
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• Pale, cyanotic or flushed skin• Noisy breathing• Inability to speak in full sentences• Use of accessory muscles• Retractions• AMS• Coughing• Flared nostrils; pursed lips• Positioning• Barrel chest
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Respiratory Conditions• COPD
EmphysemaChronic BronchitisBlack Lung
• CHFHypoxic Drive
NEVER WITHHOLD OXYGEN
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Airway Management and VentilationRespiratory Failure; Respiratory Arrest
• Rescue Breathing• Mouth-Mask• BVM• Airway Adjunct• Suctioning