Respiratory DisordersRespiratory Disorders

PleurisyPleurisy

Inflammation of the Inflammation of the pleura lining of the lungspleura lining of the lungs

Usually occurs in Usually occurs in conjunction with conjunction with pneumonia and other lung pneumonia and other lung infectionsinfections

Symptoms: Symptoms: Sharp, stabbing pain Sharp, stabbing pain

when breathingwhen breathing DyspneaDyspnea FeverFever

ThoracentesisThoracentesis

Insertion of a needle through the thoracic Insertion of a needle through the thoracic cavity and into the pleural cavity to drain cavity and into the pleural cavity to drain fluidfluid

antibioticsantibiotics

PneumothoraxPneumothorax

Collapsed lung Collapsed lung Corrected by putting in a chest tube to Corrected by putting in a chest tube to

reinflate the lungreinflate the lung

Common ColdCommon Cold

Contagious viral Contagious viral respiratory infectionrespiratory infection

Indirect causes – Indirect causes – chilling, fatigue, lack chilling, fatigue, lack of proper food, and of proper food, and not enough sleepnot enough sleep

Rx – stay in bed, drink Rx – stay in bed, drink warm liquids and fruit warm liquids and fruit juice, good nutritionjuice, good nutrition

Also called an Upper Also called an Upper Respiratory Infection Respiratory Infection (URI)(URI)

BronchitisBronchitis

Inflammation of the Inflammation of the mucous membrane of mucous membrane of the trachea and the trachea and bronchial tubesbronchial tubes

Produces excessive Produces excessive mucusmucus

May be acute or chronicMay be acute or chronic COPDCOPD

BronchitisBronchitis

Acute bronchitis Acute bronchitis characterized by characterized by cough, fever, cough, fever, substernal pain substernal pain and RALES -rhonchiand RALES -rhonchi

Chronic bronchitis Chronic bronchitis – middle or old – middle or old age, cigarette age, cigarette smoking most smoking most common causecommon cause

Influenza (Flu)Influenza (Flu)

ViralViral infection causing infection causing inflammation of the inflammation of the mucus membranesmucus membranes

Symptons: Fever, Symptons: Fever, mucopurulent mucopurulent discharge, muscular discharge, muscular pain, extreme pain, extreme exhaustionexhaustion

Complications: Complications: pneumonia, neuritis, pneumonia, neuritis, otitis media and otitis media and pleurisypleurisy

Rx: treat the symptonsRx: treat the symptons

PneumoniaPneumonia

Infection of the lungInfection of the lung Can be caused by Can be caused by

bacteria or virusbacteria or virus Alveoli fill with exudate Alveoli fill with exudate

(pus like drainage)(pus like drainage) Symptons – chest pain, Symptons – chest pain,

fever, chills, and fever, chills, and dyspneadyspnea

Rx – O2 and antibiotics Rx – O2 and antibiotics if caused by bacteriaif caused by bacteria

Tuberculosis (TB)Tuberculosis (TB)

Very infectious lung Very infectious lung diseasedisease

Cause: Cause: Myobacterium Myobacterium tuberculosis tuberculosis (a tubercle (a tubercle bacillus)bacillus)

May also affect kidneys, May also affect kidneys, bones, and lymphbones, and lymph

Tubercles (lesions) form Tubercles (lesions) form in the lungsin the lungs

Tuberculosis (TB) SymptomsTuberculosis (TB) Symptoms

CoughCough Low grade fever in the afternoonLow grade fever in the afternoon Weight lossWeight loss Night sweatNight sweat INH OR RIFAMPIN DRUGS-FOR ONE YEARINH OR RIFAMPIN DRUGS-FOR ONE YEAR

TuberculosisTuberculosis

Diagnosis – Mantous Test (skin test)Diagnosis – Mantous Test (skin test) If skin test positive – follow up with chest If skin test positive – follow up with chest

X-ray and sputum sampleX-ray and sputum sample RX – INH for one yearRX – INH for one year

Tuberculosis GameTuberculosis Game

Go to this website and play this Go to this website and play this computer game about tuberculosis:computer game about tuberculosis:

nobelprize.org/educational_games/nobelprize.org/educational_games/medicine/tuberculosis/medicine/tuberculosis/

DiptheriaDiptheria Rare infectious diseaseRare infectious disease Cause – Cause – Corynebacterium Corynebacterium

diphtheriadiphtheria Prevented by a childhood Prevented by a childhood

vaccinevaccine Spread by nasal dropletsSpread by nasal droplets The bacteria release a toxin, The bacteria release a toxin,

which can produce nerve which can produce nerve paralysis and heart failureparalysis and heart failure

The infection causes a severe The infection causes a severe sore throat with swollen sore throat with swollen glands. glands.

The patient is infectious for up The patient is infectious for up to 2 weeks and about 1 in 15 to 2 weeks and about 1 in 15 patients will die.patients will die.

Pertussis (Whooping Cough)Pertussis (Whooping Cough)

Caused by the Caused by the Bordetella Bordetella bacteriumbacterium

Symptoms: Severe Symptoms: Severe coughing attacks that coughing attacks that end in a “whooping” end in a “whooping” sound and dyspneasound and dyspnea

Childhood vaccine to Childhood vaccine to prevent this diseaseprevent this disease

Can last 6 weeks to Can last 6 weeks to several monthsseveral months

Coughing attacks worse Coughing attacks worse at nightat night

AsthmaAsthma

Inflammatory airway Inflammatory airway obstructionobstruction

Caused by an Caused by an allergen or allergen or psychological stresspsychological stress

5% of Americans 5% of Americans have asthmahave asthma

CAN BE EXERCISED CAN BE EXERCISED INDUCEDINDUCED

AsthmaAsthma

Symptoms:Symptoms: Difficulty Difficulty

ExhalingExhaling DyspneaDyspnea Wheezing-HIGH Wheezing-HIGH

PITCHED PITCHED BREATHINGBREATHING

Tightness in Tightness in chestchest

AsthmaAsthma

Rx: anti-Rx: anti-inflammatory drugs inflammatory drugs and inhaled and inhaled bronchodilatorbronchodilator

SilicosisSilicosis

Cause: breathing dust containing silicon Cause: breathing dust containing silicon dioxide over a long period of timedioxide over a long period of time

Lungs become fibrosed, reduced ability to Lungs become fibrosed, reduced ability to expandexpand

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)Disease (COPD)

Describes chronic Describes chronic lung conditions, lung conditions, especiailly especiailly empysema and empysema and chronic bronchitischronic bronchitis

15 million 15 million Americans suffer Americans suffer from COPD from COPD

90% attributed to 90% attributed to smokingsmoking

EmphysemaEmphysema

Alveoli becomdes dilated, Alveoli becomdes dilated, lose their elasticity, can’t lose their elasticity, can’t rebound/REINFLATErebound/REINFLATE

May eventually ruptureMay eventually rupture Air becomes trapped, Air becomes trapped,

can’t exhale – froced can’t exhale – froced exhalation requiredexhalation required

Reduced exchange of O2 Reduced exchange of O2 and CO2-barrel chestedand CO2-barrel chested

Dyspnea increases as Dyspnea increases as desease progresses.desease progresses.

Suddent Infant Death Syndrome Suddent Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS)(SIDS)

Also known as “crib Also known as “crib death”death”

Usually between 2 Usually between 2 weeks to 1 yearweeks to 1 year

Leading cause of Leading cause of death for children death for children from birth to 1yr.from birth to 1yr.

Cause – unknownCause – unknown Rx – sleep monitorRx – sleep monitor

Apnea – not breathingApnea – not breathingDsypnea – difficult or painful breathingDsypnea – difficult or painful breathingTachypnea – fast breathingTachypnea – fast breathingHyperpnea – exaggerated deep labored Hyperpnea – exaggerated deep labored

breathing as seen after exercisebreathing as seen after exerciseBradypnea-slow breathingBradypnea-slow breathingOrthopnea – difficulty breathing in laying Orthopnea – difficulty breathing in laying

flat.sit straight up to breatheflat.sit straight up to breatheHyperventilation – fast, shallow breathingHyperventilation – fast, shallow breathingRales – noisy , moist breathing-fluid in Rales – noisy , moist breathing-fluid in

lungslungs

To Be Continued……….To Be Continued……….