Respirator types

RespiratorsRespiratorsFrom the preamble to the revision of 1910.134: “In principle, respirators frequently may be “In principle, respirators frequently may be capable of providing adequate protection. capable of providing adequate protection. However, problems associated with selection, However, problems associated with selection, fit, and use often render them ineffective in fit, and use often render them ineffective in actual application, preventing the assurance actual application, preventing the assurance of consistent and reliable protection, of consistent and reliable protection, regardless of the theoretical capabilities of regardless of the theoretical capabilities of the respirator.”the respirator.”

A little respirator history. . . .A little respirator history. . . .

In Roman mines they used loose-fitting animal In Roman mines they used loose-fitting animal bladders to try to filter out leadbladders to try to filter out lead

1814: development of a particulate removing filter 1814: development of a particulate removing filter in a rigid containerin a rigid container

1854: discovery that activated charcoal could be 1854: discovery that activated charcoal could be used to capture some vaporsused to capture some vapors

WWI: improvements in full face gas masksWWI: improvements in full face gas masks 1930: the development of resin impregnated dust 1930: the development of resin impregnated dust

filters permitted cheaper, improved unitsfilters permitted cheaper, improved units 1940s: SCBA developed from SCUBA concept1940s: SCBA developed from SCUBA concept

Types of RespiratorsTypes of Respirators

Ne gative Pre ssure Pow e re d A ir Puri fying

A ir Puri fying

A ir l ine S C BA

A ir S upplying

Re spira tors


Air-Purifying:Air-Purifying:

cleans air*cleans air*

can’t add oxygencan’t add oxygen

*maybe*maybe

Air- Purifying RespiratorsAir- Purifying Respirators

removes particulate, or removes particulate, or

removes vapor & gas, or removes vapor & gas, or

combination of the abovecombination of the above


particulates: filtersparticulates: filters

gases or vapors: chemical gases or vapors: chemical cartridges or chemical canisterscartridges or chemical canisters


Air-Supplying:Air-Supplying:

supply a clean* source of airsupply a clean* source of air

*maybe*maybe


Negative pressureNegative pressure• user draws in air through a filter or cartridgeuser draws in air through a filter or cartridge

• creates a creates a negativenegative pressure pressure

Powered air-purifying (PAPR)Powered air-purifying (PAPR)• battery powered pump draws in air battery powered pump draws in air

through a filterthrough a filter

• provides positive pressure to userprovides positive pressure to user

Air-Supplying RespiratorsAir-Supplying Respirators

AirlineAirline air is supplied to facepiece via air is supplied to facepiece via air line from either a compressor, air line from either a compressor, a large cylinder or cascade systema large cylinder or cascade system

SCBA SCBA air is supplied via short air line air is supplied via short air line from a user-worn cylinder (thus, from a user-worn cylinder (thus, “self-“self-contained”)contained”)

Airline with escape bottle Airline with escape bottle combo unitcombo unit SCBA escape only unitsSCBA escape only units

Operation modes: See tab3-3Operation modes: See tab3-3

Demand modeDemand mode

Positive pressure modePositive pressure mode

Pressure-demand modePressure-demand mode

Operation modes:Operation modes:

Demand mode: air enters facepiece Demand mode: air enters facepiece only when wearer creates negative only when wearer creates negative pressurepressure

Positive pressure modePositive pressure mode Pressure-demand modePressure-demand mode


Demand modeDemand mode Positive pressure mode: facepiece is Positive pressure mode: facepiece is

constantly positively pressurized constantly positively pressurized (compared to air outside the (compared to air outside the facepiece) by a constant flowfacepiece) by a constant flow

Pressure-demand modePressure-demand mode


Demand modeDemand mode Positive pressure modePositive pressure mode Pressure-demand mode: facepiece is Pressure-demand mode: facepiece is

always positively pressurized but flow always positively pressurized but flow changes according to changes according to demand demand from from useruser

Types of FacepiecesTypes of Facepieces

Tight-fitting:Tight-fitting: requires seal on face requires seal on face (thus no facial hair); air-purifying or (thus no facial hair); air-purifying or air-supplyingair-supplying

Loose-fitting:Loose-fitting: no seal on face; no seal on face; airlineairline only (but not airline with escape only (but not airline with escape bottle)bottle)

Tight-fitting facepiecesTight-fitting facepieces

Full Full face: hairline to below chin (covers face: hairline to below chin (covers nose, mouth & eyes)nose, mouth & eyes)

HalfHalf face: nose & mouth, & seals face: nose & mouth, & seals underunder chinchin

QuarterQuarter face: nose & mouth, but seals face: nose & mouth, but seals between mouth & chinbetween mouth & chin

Loose-fitting facepiecesLoose-fitting facepieces

Hood:Hood: device covering head & neck device covering head & neck

Helmet:Helmet: gives impact & penetration gives impact & penetration protectionprotection

variations; above with:variations; above with: Blouses Blouses (covers(covers shoulders) or shoulders) or Full suitsFull suits

TC approval schedules:TC approval schedules:

TC-13F-XXXXTC-13F-XXXX SCBASCBA TC-14G-XXXXTC-14G-XXXX gas masksgas masks TC-19C-XXXXTC-19C-XXXX air supplyair supply TC-21C-XXXXTC-21C-XXXX DFM (term out-dated)DFM (term out-dated) TC-23C-XXXXTC-23C-XXXX chemical cartridgechemical cartridge TC-84A-XXXXTC-84A-XXXX non-powered APR non-powered APR

(under 84)(under 84)

Respirator types

Documents

Transcript of Respirator types