Respiration is not breathing!Respiration is a chemical reaction that creates energy at the working muscles making use of the oxygen. (mixing it with glucose)Breathing is a part of the respiration process – it is how we get oxygen into our bodies and how we get carbon dioxide out!

RESPIRATION (not breathing)

The Respiratory SystemThe respiratory systemis everything we use to breathe and supply our bodies with oxygen. We breathe air into our lungs. The oxygen is then transferred to our blood and taken around our body.

Trachea(wind pipe)

Bronchus

Bronchioles

Alveoli

Lung

Intercostalmuscles

Ribs

Diaphragm

Respiratory System Diagram

Inspiration - Breathing InWhen inhaling…

The intercostal muscles contract

and pull the rib cage up and out. The diaphragm contracts

causing it to flatten. The chest cavity getslarger causing pressurein the lungs to fall.

Air moves into the lungs from the higher outside

pressure.

Airflowing

in

The chest cavity getssmaller and so pressurein the lungs increases.

When exhaling…

Expiration - Breathing Out

The intercostal muscles relax and so the rib cage returns

to normal. The diaphragm relaxes

pushing it up.

Air flows out of the lungs. During periods of

exercise, expiration becomes an active process, involving the forced expulsion of air.

Airflowing

out

How does Oxygen get from the air outside into the blood stream

OUTSIDE↓

TRACHEA↓

LUNGS↓

ALVEOLI↓

BLOOD STREAMGaseous

EXCHANGE

How does Oxygen get into the Bloodstream

Alveoli

Blood Stream

BloodVessel

At the Same Time Carbon Dioxide is Going the Other Way!

Alveoli

Blood Stream

BloodVessel

This is Gaseous Exchange!• Air in and out.

O²CO²

Capillary

Deoxygenated blood

Oxygenated blood

Gaseous Exchange Explained

CO² moves from the blood into the alveoli.O² moves across to the red blood cells. This is where it combines with haemoglobin to make oxyhaemoglobin.The red blood cells carry the O² to the body parts that require it. At the same time the blood takes the CO² back to the lungs so it can be oxygenated once again.

Anaerobic ExerciseAnaerobic respiration occurs in the absence of oxygen, therefore it can only be used for short bursts

The following equations need to be learnt and REMEMBERED!

Aerobic respiration in the presence of O²is summarised as:Glucose + O²→Energy + CO²+H²O

Anaerobic respiration in the absence of O²is summarised as:Glucose →Energy + Lactic Acid

Oxygen debtThis happens as a result of the muscles respiring anaerobically during vigorous exercise because as our bodies run out of sufficient supplies of oxygen we call on glycogen (where have we heard this before?) stores. We can only do this for approximately 60 seconds, in this time we are effectively ‘borrowing’ oxygen, which is owed to the body. This is known as our oxygen debt. This will cause a build up of lactic acid in the working muscles and will make the muscles hurt. This is the main reason for completing a warm down – to allow the acid to disperse.

The Recovery PeriodImmediately after vigorous exercise we have to take in extra oxygen. This extra oxygen helps to convert the possibly painful presence of lactic acid into simple waste products that have to be removed from the body

How it is done

Expiration of breath – removes the CO2 and other waste products from our lungs

Perspiration – Temperature control and removes excess water, Although heat is not a waste product it needs to be removed to prevent overheating

Excretion – not really an explanation needed?!?!