Respiration and The Respiratory System

What process keeps a cell alive?Respiration is the process that the body uses to release energy from digested food (glucose).

This type of respiration is called aerobic respiration because energy is released in the presence of oxygen.

How do the glucose and oxygen needed for aerobic respiration get to the all the body’s cells?

oxygencarbondioxideglucose + + water ( energy)+

from the digestive system

from the respiratory

system

waste product (exhaled)

waste product (exhaled)

Where do we get the raw materials from? - Oxygen

Breathing

Gaseous exchange in the

lungs

and then into our circulatory system via…

Energyis used for...

to work the muscles and other organs

to make the chemicals the body

needs

to make new cells for

growth and to repair

dead cells

Transport chemicals

Keeping body temperature constant

Anaerobic respiration

Glucose Lactic acid + energy

Instead of glucose forming CO2 and H2O, it is broken down without oxygen into an intermediate, lactic acid, giving less energy:

120 kJ

To avoid damage to cells it has to be broken down fully to CO2 and H2O immediately after the exercise has finished. This needs more oxygen (oxygen debt)…

BUT lactic acid accumulates in the muscles causing muscle fatigue and cramps.

glucose + oxygen

a lot of energy

carbon dioxide + water

glucose

lactic acid

aerobic anaerobic

someenergy

How do we remove the waste products?

Carbon Dioxide via Breathing

Water via urine,sweatin

g and breathing

and

Different foods contain different amounts of

energy

The main food type which we use in respiration are CARBOHYDARTES (glucose), however if our body is lacking in

carbohydrates.Then what do you think happens?

•Carbohydrates – •Fat – •Protein -

Energy needed!

Plant cells respire, just as animal cells do. If they stop respiring, they will die. Remember that respiration is not the same as breathing, so take care - plants do not breathe.

A

s we can see from the word equations respiration and photosynthesis are opposites. Respiration uses oxygen and produces carbon dioxide. Photosynthesis uses carbon dioxide and produces oxygen.

Plants store energy too

Plants respire anaerobically also

• But instead they produce ethanol.....

Bacteria can respire anaerobically

glucose --> ethanol + carbon dioxide + energy

Yeast

You use your respiratory system to breathe in oxygen for respiration, and to breathe out carbon dioxide produced by respiration

The Lung

These tubes continue to split. The order goes….

Trachea

(biggest tube)

Bronchus

Bronchiole

(smallest tube)

Bronchi

The tubes of the lung

The lung including air sacs

The Lungs

The lungs are all of the tubes surrounded by the lung tissue.

There are different sections to the lungs called lobes.

Compare the two lungs – what do you notice about the lobes?

One does not have a middle lobe and is smaller.

Alveolar walls are made up of a continuous layer, one-cell thick, of epithelial cells –squamous epithelium. One type of cells produces surfactant.

Therefore blood within an alveolar capillary and air from within the alveolus is only separated by an extremely thin barrier – this permits efficient diffusion of large amounts of oxygen and carbon dioxide.

The outside of the alveolar walls are lined with capillaries.

The alveolus are bundles tiny hollow air sacs (singular – alveoli)

Alveolus

Gas exchange

Here is a cross section:

oxygen (O2) gas passes through

here

This O2 is then able to dissolve in

a small moist lining.

lining of the alveolus

Alveolus

The alveolar walls also contain a small space consisting of fluid and loose connective tissue

Copy and complete the table stating what happens to each part of the breathing system

Feature Inhaling Exhaling

Diaphragm shape Flat (contracts) Domed (relaxed)

Ribs up and out down and in

Diaphragm muscle contracted relaxed

Rib muscle contracted relaxed

Lungs inflated deflated