CHAPTER 23

Respiration and Excretion Review

Excretory System

Many different chemical changes take place in cells. As these changes take place

waste products form. Ex: Cellular Respiration -> CO2

+ H2O Other waste products from

cells: salts, nitrogen compounds, and heat.

 

Formation of urea occurs in

1.Kidneys 2.Small intestine 3.Liver4.Pancreas 

Bag like structure in which urine is stored

1. Urinary Bladder2. Urethra 3. Ureter 4. Nephron 

What is the major function of the Excretory system?

1.Cell protection2.Blood movement3.Waste removal4.Food breakdown

What major components make up the excretory system?

KidneysUreterUrinary BladderUrethraSkin

Kidneys• Humans have 2 kidneys

which are located just above your waistline.

• Main job of the kidney is to remove waste products from the blood

• Each minute about 1 L of blood pass through your kidney.

• In 1 day your kidneys remove waste products from about 170 L of blood.

Clearly explain how the nephrons filter waste products and nutrients from the

blood?

What is the main function of the kidney?

1.Produce hormones2.Waste removal3.Support and Shape4.Absorbs water5.2 and 4

Waste removal

Waste products leave the kidney through the collecting tube as a liquid called urine.

Urine = H20 + salts + ureaExcretion is not completed until urine

is removed from the body.The job of the urinary system is to

remove liquid waste (urine) from the body.

What are the filtering structures of the kidney?

1)Ureter2)Urethra3)Collecting tube4)Renal artery5)Nephron

Millions of tiny tubelike structures called nephrons are located inside the kidney.

Nephrons are the filtering structures of the kidneys

How is urine removed?

Urine leave the kidneys through a tube called the ureter.

1 ureter from each kidney carries urine to the urinary bladder, which is a muscular sac that stores urine.

When the bladder becomes full, muscles from the bladder contract forcing out the urine into the urethra.

The urethra carries urine to the outside of the body.

What is urine made of?

1)Water2)Salt3)Urea4)Glucose5)1,2, and 3

Why is water an important components in excretion?

Answer

H2O is a universal solvent because it dissolves more substances than any other liquid. This means that wherever water goes, either through the ground or through our bodies, it takes along valuable chemicals, minerals, and nutrients.

Which of these is not a normal constituent of urine: glucose, urea,

salt or water?

1. Glucose2. Salt3. Water4. Urea

What tube carries urine outside of the body?

1)Ureter2)Urinary bladder3)Urethra4)Nephrons5)Renal vein

Which of these is not true -- 1, 2, 3 or 4?

1.   Kidney excretes urea 2. A small fraction of CO2 is

removed through the skin 3. Small amount of salt is

excreted through skin 4. Feces is excreted through the

anus

Which of these is not a function of kidneys? 

1. Maintenance of acid base balance. 

2. Excretion of nitrogenous waste products. 

3. Temperature regulation. 4. Maintenance of water

balance.

What is the major function of the skin?

1.Protection2.Sensation (touch)3.Excretion4.Temperature regulation5.All of the above

What other organ besides the kidney removes H2O, salts, and urea? Explain

1.Liver2.Skin3.Heart4.Stomach5.Intestines

SkinSkin has small

structures called sweat glands, which excrete waste products in the form of perspiration.

Perspiration = H2O + salts + urea

Each sweat glands has a small tube that leads to the surface of the skin called a pore.

Which of these is not an excretory organ: intestine, lungs, heart or

kidneys? Explain

1.Heart2.Intestine 3.Lungs 4.Kidneys 

Excretory Problems

Kidney StonesAcne

What causes a kidney stone disease?

1. Glucose in the form of carbohydrates in the body

2. Oil clog in the pores of the skin3. Calcium compounds and

nitrogenous waste4. Burning or breakdown of food in

your cells

Kidney Stones

They are formed from calcium compounds and nitrogen wastes that are not excreted by the body.

Small kidney stone can pass through the ureter, but can cause great pain.

Large kidney stones cannot pass through the ureter, causing a blockage which can destroy kidney cells.

How are large kidney stones removed?

Medication – causes the stone to dissolve and break apart

Surgery – involves the risk of infection, can lead to complications.

Sound waves – aim shock waves at the stone causing it to vibrate and break apart

Acne is a common human skin disease. Identify some ways of

controlling acne

Controlling Acne1. Wash your face several times per day

with soap and water

2. Apply a dry lotion to the skin after washing

3. Avoid oily cosmetics

4.Remove all cosmetics before going to bed

5.Eat a well balanced diet

6. Get plenty of rest and exercise